РОЗВИТОК КОНЦЕПЦІЙ ЗОВНІШНЬОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ КИТАЮ У ПОСТБІПОЛЯРНИЙ ПЕРІОД. (DEVELOPEMENT OF CONCEPTIONS OF CHINESE FOREIGN POLICY IN POST-BIPOLAR PERIOD.)

У статті висвітлено розвиток концепцій зовнішньої політики Китаю у постбіполярний період, їх практичну реалізацію та зміну відповідно до нових тенденцій у міжнародних відносинах. (The article deals with the development of China’s foreign policy concepts in the post-bipolar period; their change according to the new tendencies in international relations and their practical realization of the declared principles.

Зовнішня політика КНР у питаннях безпеки в АТР за керівництва Ху Цзіньтао (2002 – 2012). (The foreign policy of PRC concerning security issues in Asia-Pacific region under the rule of Hu Jintao (2002-2012).)

У статті проаналізовано основні напрями зовнішньої політики КНР у питаннях безпеки в АТР за IV покоління керівництва Китаю на чолі із Ху Цзіньтао у період з 2002 по 2012 роки в контексті загальних геополітичних процесів у регіоні. (The report deals with the basic directions of foreign policy of China in the Asia-Pacific security issues under rule of the fourth generation of Chinese leadership headed by Hu Jintao in the period from 2002 to 2012 in the context of the overall geopolitical processes in the Pacific region.

Дослідження електричної корозії міді і алюмінію та аналіз кінетики зникнення інтерметалідів у системі Cu-Al

Copper and aluminum electric corrosion is investigated experimentally. It is founded that copper corrosion is higher than aluminum corrosion. Intermetallics disappearance rate in Cu-Al system is analyzing theoretically. Literature experimental data are used for analysis.Експериментально досліджено електричну корозію міді та алюмінію. Оримано такий результат: електрична корозія міді значно швидша, ніж електрична корозія алюмінію, тому тонке алюмінієве покриття товщиною близько 1 мікрометра на мідних дротинках може уповільнити корозію міді у приладах мікроелектроніки. Теоретично проаналізовано процес зникнення інтерметалідів у системі Cu-Al. Для аналізу були використані літературні експериментальні дані

MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF THE INTERMEDIATE PHASE GROWTH DESCRIBING

A model of describing the diffusion phase growth from point sources inside polycrystals grains is regarded. Analytical method to solve differential diffusion equations for such model is suggested. Analytical method to solve differential diffusion equations of describing the growth of the phase wedge during the intermetallic compound formation with a narrow concentration range of homogeneity in bicrystals is proposed. Parabolic, cubic, fourth power diffusion regimes for different scales from nanometers to micrometers and millimeters are analyzed.Key words: diffusion, reaction, phase growth law, intermetallic compounds, grain boundaries.кандидат фізико-математичних наук, доцент Ярмоленко М. В. Математичні методи опису росту проміжної фази / Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, Україна, ЧеркасиРозглядається модель, яка описує кінетику утворення інтерметалевої фази з точкового джерела всередині полікристалічних зерен. Пропонується відповідний аналітичний метод розв’язування диференціального рівняння такої моделі. Пропонується аналітичний метод розв’язування диференціального рівняння, яке описує кінетику утворення інтерметалевої фази вздовж границі між зернами з одночасним проникненням у самі зерна. Аналізуються дифузійні режими (параболічний, кубічний, четвертого степеня) для різних масштабів: від нанометрового до мікрометрового і міліметрового.Ключові слова: дифузія, реакції, закон росту фази, інтерметалеві сполуки, міжфазні границі.кандидат физико-математичних наук, доцент Ярмоленко М. В. Математические методы описания роста промежуточной фазы / Киевский национальный университет технологий и дизайна, Украина, ЧеркассыРассматривается модель, которая описывает кинетику образования интерметаллического соединения из точечного источника внутри поликристаллических зерен. Предлагается соответствующий аналитический метод решения дифференциального уравнения такой модели. Предлагается аналитический метод решения дифференциального уравнения, которое описывает кинетику образования интерметаллического соединения вдоль границы между зернами с одновременным проникновением в сами зерна. Анализируются диффузионные режимы (параболический, кубический, четвертой степени) для разных масштабов: от нанометрического до микрометрического и миллиметрового.Ключевые слова: диффузия, реакции, закон роста фазы, интерметаллические соединения, межфазные границы

THE KIRKENDALL EFFECT AND PHASE FORMATION KINETICS DURING SOLID STATE REACTIONS

In the article it was proved theoretically and experimentally that the interface curvature can either accelerate or slow down the Kirkendall shift and the diffusion phase layer growth in cylindrical and spherical samples when compared with a planar sample depending on the average phase concentration only. It is shown that internal stress, arising due to dilatation during phase growth, can either accelerate or slow down the growth in addition to the above-mentioned effect, depending on the difference in mobilities of different atoms within each phase and independently on the sign of dilatation.У статті доведено теоретично та підтверджено експериментально, що кривизна міжфазної границі може як пришвидшувати, так і уповільнювати дифузійне утворення шарів фаз у циліндричних та сферичних зразках та зміщення Кіркендалла в залежності лише від середньої концентрації однієї з речовин. Додатково впливати на кінетику можуть також внутрішні механічні напруги, які виникають у процесі фазоутворення. В статье доказано теоретически и подтверждено экспериментально, что кривизна межфазной границы может как ускорять, так и замедлять диффузионное образование слоев фаз в цилиндрических и сферических образцах и смещение Киркендалла в зависимости только от средней концентрации одного из веществ. Дополнительно влиять на кинетику могут тоже внутренние механические напряжения, которые возникают в процессе фазообразования.

Measuring the Effectiveness of the Process of System Operation with Simultaneous Consideration for its Effectiveness in the Classical Sense and its Efficiency Coefficient: Energy Aspect

The aim of the article is to describe the methodology for measuring effectiveness of subprocesses of the system operation process with simultaneous consideration for their effectiveness in the classical sense and their efficiency coefficients. The methodology is based on the authors’ models of efficiency components of the process as a newly created toolbox to be used in the process control. It is found that the proposed by the authors process effectiveness indicator, which is presented as the relation between the indicator of total product of the process and the cost indicator, characterizes the process mainly in terms of cost, and the authors’ efficiency coefficient indicator (as the relation between the indicator of net product of the process and its total product indicator) – in terms of benefit. The geometric mean of these indicators, which simultaneously takes into account effectiveness of the process in the classical sense and its effectiveness in the form of efficiency coefficient, is chosen as a newly created process effectiveness indicator. It is emphasized that the special value of the proposed new (third) effectiveness indicator is that it determines the features of process effectiveness in terms of the above mentioned two factors: cost and benefit. Moreover, three efficiency indicators (in terms of costs, in terms of both benefit and costs, in terms of benefit) are introduced. Each of the efficiency indicators is obtained as the product of the indicator of scale product of the process by the corresponding effectiveness indicator. The specific examples given in the article show the practical implementation of the methodology proposed by the authors for measuring the newly created indicator of effectiveness of system operation and the possibility of its application (along with the methods for measuring other author’s indicators) to control the force of this process. It is noted, as in the previous works of the authors, that the proposed methods can be used to study complicated systems of various types and levels of hierarchy (which is the scientific novelty of the proposed research results)

Process Performance: The System, Energy, and Econophysic Approaches in the Context of Modeling

In the article from the point of view of the system, energy and econophysic approaches, certain aspects of the theory and practice of measuring the effectivity (in particular, efficiency, performance) of the processes of functioning of the system are outlined. It is emphasized that modern realities point to the actualization of issues in quantum econophysics, in particular the adaptation and use of the mathematical apparatus of quantum mechanics for modeling processes in the economy, the use of quantum mechanical models and analogies, the application of quantum mechanical ideology, since modern socio-ecological-economic systems are complex, nonlinear, synergistic phenomena are observed in their dynamics, instability and poor predictability occur. The aim of the publication is to highlight some analogues of concepts and indicators similar to fundamental physical concepts in the paradigm of «cognition – measurement – evaluation – management» regarding the functioning of socio-ecological-economic systems and processes in them along with outlining approaches to determining the performance of these processes on the basis of modeling using the system, energy and econophysic approaches. It is proposed in the paradigm of «cognition – measurement – evaluation – management» regarding the performance of the processes of functioning of systems to take into account the economic interpretation of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the concept of the economic analogue of the Planck constant. It is substantiated that the theoretical and methodological analysis of some basic fundamental physical concepts (energy, momentum, etc.) and their formal and informal connections with real economic concepts and processes will contribute to the improvement of the procedure for determining and applying the energy efficiency coefficient of the processes of functioning of systems based on the authors’ indicators of the components of the performance of processes, taking into account the economic interpretation of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the concept of an economic analogue of the Planck constant

The Practice of Measuring the Energies of Products of the Process of System Functioning on the Basis of Performance Components

The article considers the practice of measuring the energies of products of the process of system functioning on the basis of performance components. It is underlined that methodological approaches to the practice of measuring the energies of products require the implementation of appropriate algorithms based on modeling. The approaches to measurement of these energies on the basis of the use of certain authors’ formulas, which in turn are based on the application of indicators of the components of performance of subprocesses of system functioning processes, are suggested. On the example of both the economic and the pedagogical systems is displayed the possibility of practical implementation of the methods of measuring the energies of products of subprocesses of processes of systems functioning, as is discovered by the authors, that is the scientific novelty of the proposed results of the research. The presented methodology reinforces and diversifies existing aspects in the context of the analysis of concepts and processes based on the energy approach

APPLICATION OF THE THEORY OF WAVELETS FOR COMPRESSION AND FILTRATION OF GEOINFORMATION

The purpose of the article is to develop a detailed and accessible technology for the application of wavelets in the processing of geo-information, the subject of research is wavelet-based filtering and compression of geo-information. The research methodology is based on the modern theory of wavelets in the light of linear algebra. Research methods involve study and generalization, abstraction, formalization, mathematical modeling using computer programs compiled by the authors. After the introduction and formulation of the problem, the basic positions of linear algebra are presented, on which the content of the article is based when constructing orthonormal bases in one- and two-dimensional cases. First, the application of the general theory to the decomposition of the vector of initial data in the Haar and Shannon bases is given. Further, on the basis of the Haar basis, orthonormal bases of wavelet transforms and filtering information are constructed. The procedure for creating wavelet filters by a sequence of convolutions, the use of MSA analysis for constructing an orthonormal basis of the wavelet transform is considered. Implemented the practical possibility of wavelet filtering based on specific programs for modeling geo-information data fields and images, data compression and filtering. The result of the work is the methods of constructing orthonormal bases by various methods of wavelet transform, based on which algorithms and corresponding computer programs for geoinformation compression are compiled using the example of terrain and photographic images. The efficiency of geoinformation compression and noise filtering using wavelets was investigated. A method has been developed for determining the value of a filter depending on the accuracy of the initial geo-information, illustrated by the example of calculating the filter value for compressing information about the heights of the terrain. The same technique is recommended for image filtering

The Practice of Using Game Models to Analyze the Risks of the Operation Processes of Agricultural Enterprises Based on the Indicators of Components of Effectiveness

The article proposes the methodology of practical use of game theory for analyzing of risks of subprocessions of operational processes of agricultural enterprises on the basis of models of components of effectiveness by Burennikova (Polishchuk) – Yarmolenko and relevant indicators. The methodology is considered on the example of processes of formation of gross incomes at five agricultural enterprises of grain products subcomplex as subprocesses of operational processes of these enterprises. A certain payment matrix for the case of non-strategic game (playing with nature) was built. A gains matrix would generate a risk matrix. Two risk matrices are obtained, depending on the two formulas according to which the elements of these matrices are calculated. According to the data of these two risk matrices, the maximum risk values are found in each row, and two corresponding column matrices are drawn from these values. On the basis of the mentioned column matrices, a ranking of risks of functioning of the considered enterprises is carried out. The article researches the risks of functioning of enterprises in terms of effectiveness. Similarly, one can research the mentioned risks from the standpoint of efficiency