Biochemical, histological and histochemical changes in Aristichthys nobilis Rich. liver exposed to thiamethoxam

Background and purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the insecticide thiamethoxam on some biochemical, histological and histochemical parameters of bighead carp liver (Aristichthys nobilis), which is an economically important fish species for aquaculture. Materials and methods: Different increasing concentrations of 6.6 mg l-1, 10 mg l-1 and 20 mg l-1 of the test chemical under laboratory conditions were tested for their toxicity on fish for 96. The hepatic activity of the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) were measured. In addition, the hepatic histological structure was observed for alterations, as well as the lipid content was observed by histochemical staining. Results: It was determined that the enzymatic activity of the exposed fish was increased compared to the control group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the enzymatic activity was increased proportionally to the increasing thiamethoxam concentrations. The histological lesions, which were observed in the liver parenchyma, were degenerative and necrotic. The degenerative alterations were as follows: granular, balloon and fatty degeneration. The necrotic alterations in the fish liver were associated with presence of karyopyknosis, karyorrehsis and karyolysis, respectively. The histological alterations in the liver blood vessels were hyperemia and lymphocyte proliferation. Along with the established histological changes in the liver parenchyma, we found presence of fatty degeneration in the hepatocytes using Sudan III staining on cryostat sections. Conclusions: Our study shows that there is a relation between the concentration of the insecticide and biochemical changes, as well the severity of expression of the histological and histochemical alterations in the bighead carp liver. Overall, such experiments could be successfully applied in research and monitoring programs to study the effects of pesticides on fish

Ginkgo Biloba Extract Ameliorates Oxidative Phosphorylation Performance and Rescues Aβ-Induced Failure

Energy deficiency and mitochondrial failure have been recognized as a prominent, early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, we demonstrated that chronic exposure to amyloid-beta (Abeta) in human neuroblastoma cells over-expressing human wild-type amyloid precursor protein (APP) resulted in (i) activity changes of complexes III and IV of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) and in (ii) a drop of ATP levels which may finally instigate loss of synapses and neuronal cell death in AD. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether standardized Ginkgo biloba extract LI 1370 (GBE) is able to rescue Abeta-induced defects in energy metabolism

CARBOHYDRATE SOURCE CAN INFLUENCE THE EFFICIENCY OF SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN SEEDLESS GRAPES (VITIS VINIFERA L.)

ABSTRAC

Assessment of surface water resources of humid zones of the south of the Tyumen region on the basis of the rent approach

В статье рассмотрен фактор избыточности водных ресурсов как источник образования водной ренты. Посредством анализа основных показателей водопользования на территории юга Тюменской области сделан вывод о влиянии высокой водообеспеченности территории на величину абсолютной водной ренты.In article the factor of redundancy of water resources as a source of formation of a water rent is considered. By analyzing the main indicators of water use in the southern part of the Tyumen region, a conclusion was made on the effect of high water availability of the territory on the magnitude of absolute water ren

New 1H-benzimidazole-2-yl hydrazones with combined antiparasitic and antioxidant activity

Funding Information: This work has been nancially supported by the National Science Fund of Bulgaria, Contract KII-06-H39/4. Research equipment of Distributed Research Infrastructure INFRAMAT, part of Bulgarian National Roadmap for Research Infrastructures, supported by Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science was used in a part of this investigation. Publisher Copyright: © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021.Parasitic infections, caused mainly by the speciesTrichinella spiralis(T. spiralis), are widespread around the world and lead to morbidity and mortality in the population. Meanwhile, some studies have showed that these parasites induce oxidative stress in the infected host. With the aim of developing a class of compounds combining anthelmintic with antioxidant properties, a series of new benzimidazolyl-2-hydrazones5a-l, bearing hydroxyl- and methoxy-groups, were synthesized. The anthelmintic activity on encapsulatedT. spiraliswas studiedin vitrothus indicating that all hydrazones were more active than the clinically used anthelmintic drugs albendazole and ivermectin.5band5dkilled the total parasitic larvae (100% effectiveness) after 24 hours incubation period at 37 °C in both concentrations (50 and 100 μg ml−1). The antioxidant activity of the target compounds was elucidatedin vitroagainst stable free radicals DPPH and ABTS as well as iron induced oxidative damage in model systems containing biologically relevant molecules lecithin and deoxyribose. The two 2,3- and 3,4-dihydroxy hydrazones5band5dwere the most effective radical scavengers in all studied systems. DFT calculations were applied to calculate the reaction enthalpies in polar and nonpolar medium and estimate the preferred mechanism of antioxidant activity. The relative radical scavenging ability of compounds5a-lshowed a good correlation to the experimentally observed trends. It was found that the studied compounds are capable to react with various free radicals - ˙OCH3, ˙OOH and ˙OOCH3, through several possible reaction pathways - HAT in nonpolar medium, SPLET in polar medium and RAF in both media.publishersversionpublishe

HIV care in times of the COVID-19 crisis — Where are we now in Central and Eastern Europe?

Introduction The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has hit the European region disproportionately. Many HIV clinics share staff and logistics with infectious disease facilities, which are now on the frontline in tackling COVID-19. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of the current pandemic situation on HIV care and continuity of antiretroviral treatment (ART) supplies in CEE countries. Methods The Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe (ECEE) Network Group was established in February 2016 to review standards of care for HIV in the region. The group consists of professionals actively involved in HIV care. On March 19, 2020 we decided to review the status of HIV care sustainability in the face of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Europe. For this purpose, we constructed an online survey consisting of 23 questions. Respondents were recruited from ECEE members in 22 countries, based on their involvement in HIV care, and contacted via email. Results In total, 19 countries responded: Albania, Armenia, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Macedonia, Poland, Republic of Moldova, Russia, Serbia, Turkey, and Ukraine. Most of the respondents were infectious disease physicians directly involved in HIV care (17/19). No country reported HIV clinic closures. HIV clinics were operating normally in only six countries (31.6%). In 11 countries (57.9%) physicians were sharing HIV and COVID-19 care duties. None of the countries expected shortage of ART in the following 2 weeks; however, five physicians expressed uncertainty about the following 2 months. At the time of providing responses, ten countries (52.6%) had HIV-positive persons under quarantine. Conclusions A shortage of resources is evident, with an impact on HIV care inevitable. We need to prepare to operate with minimal medical resources, with the aim of securing constant supplies of ART. Non-governmental organizations should re-evaluate their earlier objectives and support efforts to ensure continuity of ART delivery