Interaction of national ideas in the English and French literatures of the 20th century (S. Maugham, R. Gary) | Interaction des idees nationales dans les litteratures anglaise et Française DU XXE siecle (S. Maugham, R. Gary)

The authors of this article examinate the variations of national visions in the novels of S. Maugham and R. Gary, which caracterize themselves by similar plots and carry national problematic. The authors anylize the mechanisms of the use of national stereotypes and the creation of new national spirits on the basis of versions already existing in Literarure. The particularity of the anylized novels is a mix of the sens linked to the Englishness, Frenchness and Russianness, accordingly to the stereotyped visions on the predispositions of two nations to revolution. The revolutional theme is connected to the criminal theme. The change of visions of the national particularities of Russians, French and partiarly of the English, along with the transposition of national ideas, depend on external factors. The transformation ability of the national stereotype is determined by the particularities of the author's point of view. © Journal of Language and Literature

Literature review of minimum wages

This document summarizes findings about minimum wages from many aspects in economics literature and may provide a starting point for researchers who are interested in further studying minimum wage in China

Dictionary and pattern-based recognition of organization names in Russian news texts

This paper describes a part of the event extraction system which has been developed in collaboration with HP Labs Russia. The domain of input texts is business news feeds. One of the most important event participant types is 'Organization'. This paper is focused on the problem of organization names recognition in Russian news texts. Two approaches have been implemented. The first is dictionary-based. We propose an algorithm to make a dictionary from a set of legal body full names gathered from a government registry. The main problems with the dictionary matching are incorrect stemming and significant fraction of ambiguous names among dictionary entries. The second recognition approach is based on usage of local context clues and internal name words. These words constitute patterns which are intrinsic to organization names. These patterns enable recognition of non-dictionary names. We propose an algorithm to derive such patterns from the original dictionary. © 2013 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P

Methodology for building extraction templates for Russian language in knowledge-based IE systems

In this paper we describe methodology for building information extraction (IE) rules. Rules are usually developed by experts and are widely used in knowledge-based IE systems. They consist of two parts: the left-hand side (LHS) of a rule is a template that matches a certain syntactico-semantic structure (SSS) and the right-hand side is an action that is executed when LHS template is matched against a particular text fragment. In the paper we describe the process of building a more complex LHS part (further in the paper we will refer to LHS as template). This methodology was used for developing the information extraction system that extracts business events from news articles written in Russian language. © Copyright 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P

Методы тонометрии и роль различных проб в ранней диагностике глаукомы (часть 2)

This literature review depicts various tonometry methods (Maklakov, elastotonometry, Goldmann tonometry, tonometry by means of Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) and ICare). The efficacy and accuracy characteristics of different intraocular pressure measuring methods are presented. The article sums up current research on the interdependence of the intraocular pressure and central cornea thickness, the influence of visco-elastic characteristics of the fibrous membrane of the eye on results of some tonometry methods, the correlation of biomechanical indices and interrelation of corneal hysteresis, corneal resistance factor and intraocular pressure. The review describes various tests used in early diagnostics of glaucoma: stress tests (mydriatic test, Wurgaft compression tonometry test, Heims position test, Krasnov orthoclinostatic test, corticosteroid provocative testing by B. Becker, W. Mills etc.).В обзоре литературы представлены различные методы тонометрии, такие как: тонометрия по Маклакову, эла- стотонометрия, тонометрия по Гольдману, тонометрия на приборе Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) и с помощью прибора ICare. Отображены результаты исследований эффективности и достоверности многих, особенно современных методик исследования внутриглазного давления (ВГД). Приводятся данные исследований различных авторов о зависимости ВГД от центральной толщины роговицы. Приведены работы многих зарубежных и отечественных исследователей, изучавших влияние вязкоэластических свойств фиброзной оболочки глаза (роговицы) на результаты некоторых методов тонометрии, а также проводивших анализ соотношения биомеханических показателей, зависимости корнеального гистерезиса и фактора резистентности роговицы от уровня ВГД. Дан обзор различных проб в ранней диагностике глаукомы: разгрузочных проб (медикаментозные пробы с пилокарпином, эпинефрином, а также пробы на определение толерантного ВГД) и нагрузочных (нагрузка медикаментозным мидриазом, компрессионно-тонометрическая проба М.Б. Вургафта, позиционный тест (проба Хаймса), ортоклиностатическая проба М.М. Краснова, провокационный стероидный тест B. Becker, W. Mills и другие), а также приведена история их разработки и внедрения в клиническую практику

Formation of student”™s basic linguistic competence in teaching the Latin Language

 The general education status of Latin taught in higher educational institutions is discussed in this article; the role of Latin in the formation of the students”™ basic linguistic competence, which strengthens the forming potential of each linguistic discipline including the block of basic linguistic preparation, is analyzed. The authors reveal a professional orientation of the course of Latin, a basis of forming basic linguistic competence. The authors”™ researches about an effective way of its formation are of special interest. In article traditional methods of studying the Latin language and the results of the experimental study on Techno R technology which is developed at the Department of Romance philology at Leo Tolstoy Institute of Philology and Intercultural Communication of the Kazan Federal University are described. The Techno R technology, which methodological basis consists of the theory of transfer, the theory of intellectual actions of P. Y. Galperin, the theory of methods of informative practical activities, according to the authors, is the effective instrument of forming basic linguistic competence of students. The results received during the experimental study were subjected to statistical processing by Student”™s T-criterion. The received value is > 2 which testifies to the efficiency of Techno R technology. The experimental studies were conducted on the basis of assimilation of the Latin grammar. Now the experimental study on the basis of word formation is being pepared

Методы тонометрии и роль различных проб в ранней диагностике глаукомы (часть 1)

This literature review depicts various tonometry methods (Maklakov, elastotonometry, Goldmann tonometry, tonometry by means of Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) and ICare). The efficacy and accuracy characteristics of different intraocular pressure measuring methods are presented. The article sums up current research on the interdependence of the intraocular pressure and central cornea thickness, the influence of visco-elastic characteristics of the fibrous membrane of the eye on results of some tonometry methods, the correlation of biomechanical indices and interrelation of corneal hysteresis, corneal resistance factor and intraocular pressure. The review describes various stress tests (mydriatic test, Wurgaft compression tonometry test, Heims position test, Krasnov orthoclinostatic test, corticosteroid provocative testing by B. Becker, W. Mills etc.) and stress-relief tests (pilocarpine and epinephrine tests, determining individual tolerant intraocular pressure) used in early diagnostics of glaucoma and the history of their development and practical application.В обзоре литературы представлены различные методы тонометрии, такие как: тонометрия по Маклакову, эла-стотонометрия, тонометрия по Гольдману, тонометрия на приборе Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) и с помощью прибора ICare. Отображены результаты исследований эффективности и достоверности многих, особенно современных методик исследования внутриглазного давления (ВГД). Приводятся данные исследований различных авторов о зависимости ВГД от центральной толщины роговицы. Приведены работы многих зарубежных и отечественных исследователей, изучавших влияние вязко-эластических свойств фиброзной оболочки глаза (роговицы) на результаты некоторых методов тонометрии, а также проводивших анализ соотношения биомеханических показателей, зависимости корнеального гистерезиса и фактора резистентности роговицы от уровня ВГД. Дан обзор различных проб в ранней диагностике глаукомы: разгрузочных проб (медикаментозные пробы с пилокарпином, эпинефрином, а также пробы на определение толерантного ВГД) и нагрузочных (нагрузка медикаментозным мидриазом, компрессионно-тонометрическая проба М.Б. Вургафта, позиционный тест (проба Хаймса), орто-клиностатическая проба М.М. Краснова, провокационный стероидный тест B. Becker, W. Mills и другие), а также приведена история их разработки и внедрения в клиническую практику

CRISPR/Cas9-generated mouse model with humanizing single-base substitution in the Gnao1 for safety studies of RNA therapeutics

The development of personalized medicine for genetic diseases requires preclinical testing in the appropriate animal models. GNAO1 encephalopathy is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by heterozygous de novo mutations in the GNAO1 gene. GNAO1 c.607 G>A is one of the most common pathogenic variants, and the mutant protein Gαo-G203R likely adversely affects neuronal signaling. As an innovative approach, sequence-specific RNA-based therapeutics such as antisense oligonucleotides or effectors of RNA interference are potentially applicable for selective suppression of the mutant GNAO1 transcript. While in vitro validation can be performed in patient-derived cells, a humanized mouse model to rule out the safety of RNA therapeutics is currently lacking. In the present work, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 technology to introduce a single-base substitution into exon 6 of the Gnao1 to replace the murine Gly203-coding triplet (GGG) with the codon used in the human gene (GGA). We verified that genome-editing did not interfere with the Gnao1 mRNA or Gαo protein synthesis and did not alter localization of the protein in the brain structures. The analysis of blastocysts revealed the off-target activity of the CRISPR/Cas9 complexes; however, no modifications of the predicted off-target sites were detected in the founder mouse. Histological staining confirmed the absence of abnormal changes in the brain of genome-edited mice. The created mouse model with the “humanized” fragment of the endogenous Gnao1 is suitable to rule out unintended targeting of the wild-type allele by RNA therapeutics directed at lowering GNAO1 c.607 G>A transcripts

Current state of terrestrial ecosystems in the joint Norwegian, Russian and Finnish border area

Appendix 15/15 of the publication "State of the environment in the Norwegian, Finnish and Russian border area 2007" (The Finnish Environment 6/2007)