Teacher readiness for the prevention and correction of emotional disturbance in primary school children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Introduction. Psychological and pedagogical support for learners with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has currently become crucial in the Russian and foreign systems of education. The problem has been caused by the increasing number of children suffering from this disorder and insufficient readiness of a modern teacher to implement preventive and corrective work with the specified category of school students in a comprehensive school. One of the most common complications of ADHD in primary school children, along with learning difficulties, are emotional disorders (inadequately underestimated or overestimated self-esteem, anxiety, depression, affective outbursts). The current situation in education actuates the necessity of modern teacher’s readiness to prevent complications of ADHD as well as to provide corrective help to children with this disorder. Aim. The present research aims to determine the structure of the future teacher’s readiness to prevent and correct emotional disorders in primary school children with ADHD in the comprehensive school environment. Methodology and research methods. As methodological basis of the research served the activity-based, systemic, and competency-based approaches. Two groups of methods were applied in the study: theoretical (analysis, synthesis, classification, and generalisation) and empirical (survey methods, documentation analysis). The research methodology included the author’s questionnaire “Identification of Theoretical, Methodological and Psychological Difficulties in Primary School Teachers to Prevent and Correct Emotional Disorders in Junior Schoolchildren with ADHD”, the techniques “Self-Assessment of Empathic Abilities” (Yu. M. Orlova, Yu. N. Emelyanova) and “The Psychological Portrait of a Teacher” (Z. V. Rezapkina, G. V. Rezapkina). In addition, the interviews were conducted. Results. The analysis of diagnostic results showed that the respondents had superficial theoretical and methodological knowledge about psychophysiological characteristics of children with ADHD, as well as about children’s education organisation in a comprehensive school. On average, less than half of the respondents gave correct answers to the questions of the theoretical block. In the methodological block, the lack of professional knowledge on the organisation of education and upbringing of children with ADHD in a comprehensive school was revealed. The study identified the following organisational and content problems related to the prevention and correction of emotional disturbance in primary school children with ADHD in a comprehensive school: the lack of psychological and pedagogical support for this category of school children; a low level of theoretical and methodological knowledge of school teachers in the field of psychological and pedagogical support for school students with ADHD; the shortage of teachers’ skills and abilities to prevent and correct emotional disorders; the deficit of special programmes for psychological and pedagogical support of students in a comprehensive school; teacher’s unwillingness to work with this category of students; indisposition of parents having children with ADHD to cooperate with the teacher regarding their child’s education and upbringing. Scientific novelty. The structure of the future teacher’s readiness to prevent and correct emotional disorders in younger students ADHD in a comprehensive school was determined on the basis of the described professional qualities of a modern teacher; it includes the following components: motivational, theoretical-methodological, psycho-pedagogical, and methodical. Qualitative characteristics of these structural components were given to determine the possibility of preventing and correcting emotional disorders in younger schoolchildren with ADHD. Practical significance. The research results can be applied in the process of primary school teachers training in the system of higher education, as well as in the system of additional professional education to implement teacher training programmes on key issues of modern education in general, and, in particular, on the problems of the prevention and correction of emotional disturbance in primary school children with ADHD in the comprehensive school.Введение. Оказание психолого-педагогической помощи обучающимся с синдромом дефицита внимания и гиперактивности на сегодняшний день является серьезной и актуальной проблемой как в российской системе образования, так и за рубежом. Проблема обусловлена увеличением числа детей, страдающих данным синдромом и недостаточной готовностью современного учителя осуществлять профилактическую и коррекционную работу с указанной категорией обучающихся в условиях общеобразовательной школы. Одним из наиболее частых осложнений синдрома дефицита внимания и гиперактивности у младших школьников наряду с трудностями в обучении являются эмоциональные нарушения (неадекватно заниженная, либо завышенная самооценка, тревога, депрессия, аффективные вспышки). В связи со сложившейся ситуацией в системе образования, современный учитель должен быть готов к профилактике осложнений синдрома дефицита внимания и гиперактивности, а также к коррекционной помощи детям с данным синдромом. Цель. Определить структуру готовности будущего учителя осуществлять профилактику и коррекцию эмоциональных нарушений у младших школьников с синдромом дефицита внимания и гиперактивности в условиях общеобразовательной школы. Методология, методы и методики. Методологической основой исследования выступают принципы деятельностного, системного, и компетентностного подходов. В ходе исследования были использованы две группы методов: теоретические (анализ, синтез, классификация, обобщение) и эмпирические (методы опроса, анализ документации). Методика исследования включает в себя авторскую анкету «Выявление у учителей начальных классов теоретических, методических и психологических трудностей профилактики и коррекции эмоциональных нарушений у младших школьников с СДВГ», методики «Самооценка эмпатичных способностей» (Ю. М. Орлова, Ю. Н. Емельянова) и «Психологический портрет учителя» (З. В. Резапкина, Г. В. Резапкина), а также интервью. Результаты. Анализ результатов диагностики показал, что у респондентов отмечаются поверхностные теоретические и методические знания о психофизиологических особенностях детей с СДВГ, а также организации их обучения в условиях общеобразовательной школы. В среднем меньше половины респондентов дали верные ответы на вопросы теоретического блока. В методическом блоке также отмечается профессиональный дефицит в вопросах организации обучения и воспитания детей с СДВГ в условиях общеобразовательной школы. В ходе исследования были выявлены проблемы организационного и содержательного характера в отношении профилактики и коррекции эмоциональных нарушений у младших школьников с СДВГ в условиях общеобразовательной школы, среди которых: отсутствие психолого-педагогической поддержки данной категории обучающихся; низкий уровень теоретических и методических знаний учителей начальных классов в области психолого-педагогического сопровождение обучающихся с СДВГ; дефицит умений и навыков педагогов в вопросах профилактики и коррекции эмоциональных нарушений; отсутствие специальных программ психолого-педагогического сопровождения обучающихся в условиях общеобразовательной школы; нежелание учителя работать с данной категорией обучающихся; нежелание родителей детей с СДВГ сотрудничать с учителем в отношении обучения и воспитания своего ребенка. Научная новизна. На основе описанных профессиональных качеств современного учителя, определена структура готовности будущего учителя осуществлять профилактику и коррекцию эмоциональных нарушений у младших школьников с синдромом дефицита внимания и гиперактивности в условиях общеобразовательной школы, которая включает в себя следующие компоненты: мотивационный, теоретико-методологический, психолого-педагогический, методический. Дана качественная характеристика компонентов данной структуры с позиции возможности профилактики и коррекции эмоциональных нарушений у младших школьников с синдромом дефицита внимания и гиперактивности. Результаты исследования могут применяться в процессе подготовки учителей начальных классов в системе высшего образования, а также в системе дополнительного профессионального образования в рамках реализации программ повышения квалификации учителей по актуальным проблемам современного образования в целом, и, в частности по проблемам профилактики и коррекции эмоциональных нарушений у младших школьников с дефицитом внимания и гиперактивности в условиях общеобразовательной школы.Статья выполнена при поддержке Казанского (Приволжского) федерального университета. Автор выражает благодарность анонимным рецензентам за рекомендации, позволившие улучшить качество публикации.The paper was performed with the support of Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University. The author is grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments, which improved the quality of the publication

Туристический кластер Псковской области

.

High Triglycerides Are Associated with Low Thrombocyte Counts and High VEGF in Nephropathia Epidemica

Nephropathia epidemica (NE) is a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Several reports have demonstrated a severe alteration in lipoprotein metabolism. However, little is known about changes in circulating lipids in NE. The objectives of this study were to evaluate changes in serum total cholesterol, high density cholesterol (HDCL), and triglycerides. In addition to evaluation of serum cytokine activation associations, changes in lipid profile and cytokine activation were determined for gender, thrombocyte counts, and VEGF. Elevated levels of triglycerides and decreased HDCL were observed in NE, while total cholesterol did not differ from controls. High triglycerides were associated with both the lowest thrombocyte counts and high serum VEGF, as well as a high severity score. Additionally, there were higher levels of triglycerides in male than female NE patients. Low triglycerides were associated with upregulation of IFN-γ and IL-12, suggesting activation of Th1 helper cells. Furthermore, levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 were increased in patients with lower severity scores, suggesting that a Th1 type immune response is playing protective role in NE. These combined data advance the understanding of NE pathogenesis and indicate a role for high triglycerides in disease severity

Current status of nuclear cardiology in the Russian Federation

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current status of nuclear cardiology in the Russian Federation. The data on the number of facilities performing radionuclide investigations for the diagnosis and monitoring of the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, their staffing and equipment are given. The statistics of the conducted nuclear cardiology tests for 2018-2020 are given, as well as their methods, features and diagnostic significance are described

POSSIBILITY OF APPLICATION OF CRYSTALHIDRADES OF COBALT CHLORIDE FOR DRYING TRANSFORMER OILS

This paper presents the results of experiments for studying the possibility of using crystalline cobalt chloride for drying of transformer oils. It is shown that the use of crystalline hydrates of cobalt chloride for the drying of transformer oils leads to their complete dehydration. This is due to the interaction between the molecules of cobalt chloride and water. To determine the interaction of cobalt chloride with oil and water, absorption spectra in the visible and near-IR region at room temperature were studied in cuvettes 10 mm thick in the wavelength range λ 300 ÷ 1000 nm. It is shown that, regardless of the amount of cobalt chloride added, the transformer oil spectra do not change and, consequently, the chemical composition of the oil does not change. Thisindicatesthatthe cobalt chloride does not react with the transformer oil and remains in full at the bottom of the container with transformer oil. This method is more economical and less "resource-intensive"

Composition, stability, and paramagnetic birefringence of heteronuclear terbium(III) and iron(III) d- And dl-tartrates

The formation of the heteronuclear terbium(III) and iron(III) d- and dl-tartrates was studied by the proton magnetic relaxation, pH-metric, and paramagnetic birefringence methods in conjunction with mathematical simulation. The paramagnetic birefringence constants mP of these compounds were calculated. The stereoselective formation of dl-tartrates FeTb(HL)3 3-, FeTb(HL)2L4-, and Fe2Tb2HL4 3- and the stereospecific formation of d-tartrates Fe3Tb3L6 6- and Fe3Tb3L6(OH)2 8- and dl-tartrates Fe2Tb2L4 4-, Fe2Tb2L4(OH)2 6-, and Fe2Tb2(HL)4L2 8- (H4L is tartaric acid) was discussed. © 1998 MAEe cyrillic signK Hayκa/Interperiodica Publishing

Composition, stability, and paramagnetic birefringence of heteronuclear terbium(III) and iron(III) d- And dl-tartrates

The formation of the heteronuclear terbium(III) and iron(III) d- and dl-tartrates was studied by the proton magnetic relaxation, pH-metric, and paramagnetic birefringence methods in conjunction with mathematical simulation. The paramagnetic birefringence constants mP of these compounds were calculated. The stereoselective formation of dl-tartrates FeTb(HL)3 3-, FeTb(HL)2L4-, and Fe2Tb2HL4 3- and the stereospecific formation of d-tartrates Fe3Tb3L6 6- and Fe3Tb3L6(OH)2 8- and dl-tartrates Fe2Tb2L4 4-, Fe2Tb2L4(OH)2 6-, and Fe2Tb2(HL)4L2 8- (H4L is tartaric acid) was discussed. © 1998 MAEe cyrillic signK Hayκa/Interperiodica Publishing

Composition, stability, and paramagnetic birefringence of heteronuclear terbium(III) and iron(III) d- And dl-tartrates

The formation of the heteronuclear terbium(III) and iron(III) d- and dl-tartrates was studied by the proton magnetic relaxation, pH-metric, and paramagnetic birefringence methods in conjunction with mathematical simulation. The paramagnetic birefringence constants mP of these compounds were calculated. The stereoselective formation of dl-tartrates FeTb(HL)3 3-, FeTb(HL)2L4-, and Fe2Tb2HL4 3- and the stereospecific formation of d-tartrates Fe3Tb3L6 6- and Fe3Tb3L6(OH)2 8- and dl-tartrates Fe2Tb2L4 4-, Fe2Tb2L4(OH)2 6-, and Fe2Tb2(HL)4L2 8- (H4L is tartaric acid) was discussed. © 1998 MAEe cyrillic signK Hayκa/Interperiodica Publishing

Urinary Clusterin Is Upregulated in Nephropathia Epidemica

Kidney insufficiency is a hallmark of nephropathia epidemica (NE). Little is known about the mechanisms of the NE kidney pathology, with current knowledge mainly based on findings in postmortem tissue. We have analyzed kidney damage biomarkers in urine collected from early-and late-phase NE using Bio-Plex kidney toxicity panels 1 and 2. To determine the disease specificity, kidney damage biomarkers were also analyzed in urine samples from patients diagnosed with gout, type 2 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, and chronic kidney insufficiency. Analysis of 12 biomarkers suggests damage to the kidney proximal tubule at the onset of NE. Also, upregulation of biomarkers of inflammation and leukocyte chemotaxis were detected in NE urine. Furthermore, increased clusterin levels were found in early-and late-phase NE urine. Comparative analysis revealed that clusterin is a biomarker, upregulated in NE urine

High Triglycerides Are Associated with Low Thrombocyte Counts and High VEGF in Nephropathia Epidemica

Nephropathia epidemica (NE) is a mild formof hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Several reports have demonstrated a severe alteration in lipoproteinmetabolism. However, little is known about changes in circulating lipids in NE. The objectives of this study were to evaluate changes in serum total cholesterol, high density cholesterol (HDCL), and triglycerides. In addition to evaluation of serum cytokine activation associations, changes in lipid profile and cytokine activation were determined for gender, thrombocyte counts, and VEGF. Elevated levels of triglycerides and decreased HDCL were observed in NE, while total cholesterol did not differ from controls. High triglycerides were associated with both the lowest thrombocyte counts and high serum VEGF, as well as a high severity score. Additionally, there were higher levels of triglycerides in male than female NE patients. Low triglycerides were associated with upregulation of IFN-gamma and IL-12, suggesting activation of Th1 helper cells. Furthermore, levels of IFN-gamma and IL-12 were increased in patients with lower severity scores, suggesting that a Th1 type immune response is playing protective role in NE. These combined data advance the understanding of NE pathogenesis and indicate a role for high triglycerides in disease severity