Age characteristics of changes in invertase activity of the mucous membrane of the small intestine

Rats of varying ages were subjected to stress from heat, cold, and hydrocortisone injection. Invertase activity in homogenates of small intestine mucous membranes was studied following sacrifice. Invertase activity was low in young animals, but increased sharply in 30 day old ones, remaining at a relatively constant level until old age. The study concludes that the stress hormone (corticosteroids, etc.) levels in the blood, which affects the formation of enteric enzyme levels and activities, and that age related peculiarities in invertase activity are a consequence of altered hormone status and epitheliocyte sensitivity

Дослiдження динамiки iнструменту своп процентної ставки iз використанням методiв машинного навчання

For the European financial system, the interest rate swap is a well-known mechanism to reduce the potential effects of these risks, but it is new to the Ukrainian interbank market. In the second half of 2020, the National Bank of Ukraine and commercial banks held their first interest rate swap auctions. According to this provision, one party offers the other a floating interest rate while the other offers a fixed interest rate based on a conditional amount. Based on the Ukrainian overnight interbank rate index, the latter is computed (UONIA). Future cash flows are discounted at rates determined by the zero coupon yield curve created for hryvnia government bonds. The parties agree on how to calculate the difference in interest payments within the predetermined period of time. The analysis of the fair value of this financial instrument at future points in time is the main concern of mathematical modeling of interest rate swap transactions. Predicting future changes in fair value is particularly crucial when the zero coupon yield curve’s coefficients vary and when there are specific trends in the index of overnight interbank rates. The sensitivity of the specified factors to the interest rate swap’s dynamics was investigated in the study, and a forecast of the instrument’s future dynamics based on the change in important macroeconomic indicators was developed. Pages of the article in the issue: 37 - 41 Language of the article: UkrainianСвоп процентної ставки є класичним для європейської фiнансової системи iнструментом зменшення потенцiйного впливу вказаних ризикiв, однак новим для українського мiжбанкiвського ринку. Першi аукцiони мiж Нацiональним банком України та комерцiйними банками iз випуску свопiв процентної ставки вiдбулись у другiй половинi 2020 р. Вiн передбачає, що одна сторона пропонує iншiй фiксовану процентну ставку, що нараховується на умовну суму, а iнша сторона - плаваючу вiдсоткову ставку. Остання розраховується на основi Українського iндексу мiжбанкiвських ставок овернайт (UONIA). Дисконтування майбутнiх грошових потокiв здiйснюється за ставками кривої безкупонної доходностi, побудованої за гривневими ОВДП. В обумовлений строк вiдбуваються розрахунки сторiн з обчислення рiзницi процентних платежiв. Ключовим питанням математичного моделювання операцiй своп процентної ставки є дослiдження справедливої вартостi цього фiнансового iнструменту в майбутнi моменти часу. Зокрема, важливо спрогнозувати потенцiйнi змiни справедливої вартостi при змiнi коефiцiєнтiв кривої безкупонної доходностi та при певних трендах iндексу мiжбанкiвських ставок овернайт. У роботi проведено дослiдження чутливостi зазначених факторiв на динамiку свопу процентної ставки, побудовано прогноз майбутньої динамiки iнструменту в залежностi вiд змiни ключових макроекономiчних показникiв. Сторінки у випуску: 37 - 41 Мова статті: українськ

Математичне моделювання динаміки страхової компанії на основі макропоказників

In the paper we investigate the dynamics of a life insurance company depending on changes in macro indicators. For the sensitivity study, profitability testing is performed for the average life insurance contract. Profitability testing is based on an estimate of the expected present value of future cash flows. Various approaches to the choice of discount rates are investigated. The choice of strategy for using the rates of the zero-coupon yield curve built on the UAH domestic government bonds is substantiated. The dependence of the zero-coupon yield curve on the change in the key rate is shown. The dynamics of the model at different levels of the interest rates, namely guaranteed investment income, average profitability of investment activity, key rate, is considered. The scenario of the predicted decrease in the key rate at the stage of post-war reconstruction of Ukraine is considered. The profitability of the insurance company was tested based on the macro parameters of the specified scenarios. The expediency of using the chosen approach for researching the dynamics of a life insurance company in the conditions of the current high volatility of the Ukrainian economy is shown. Pages of the article in the issue: 44 - 47 Language of the article: UkrainianВ роботі досліджується динаміки страхової компанії зі страхування життя в залежності від зміни макропоказників. Для дослідження чутливості проводиться тестування прибутковості для середньостатистичного договору накопичувального страхування життя. Проведення тестування прибутковості базується на оцінці очікуваної сучасної вартості майбутніх грошових потоків. Досліджуються різні підходи до вибору ставок дисконтування. Обґрунтовується вибір стратегії використання ставок кривої безкупонної доходності, побудованої за гривневими облігаціями внутрішньої державної позики (далі – ОВДП). Показано залежність кривої безкупонної доходності від зміни облікової ставки. Розглянуто динаміку моделі при різних рівнях відсоткової ставки: гарантований інвестиційний дохід, середня прибутковість інвестиційної діяльності, облікова ставка. Розглянуто сценарій прогнозованого зменшення облікової ставки на етапі післявоєнної відбудови України. Проведено тестування прибутковості страхової компанії на основі макропараметрів вказаного сценарію. Показано доцільність використання обраного підходу для дослідження динаміки страхової компанії зі страхування життя в умовах поточної високої волатильності економіки України

Territorial structure of inbound and domestic tourism in the Baltic States

This paper examines the transformation of the territorial structure of tourism in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The spatial and temporal organisation of tourism in these countries has undergone significant changes since they became independent and joined the EU. These changes have affected the geography of tourist flows and destinations of interest. This study aims to define the geographical and economic peculiarities of the development of tourism in the Baltic States and to identify the central, peripheral and semi-peripheral regions. Elements of the centre-periphery structure were identified through cluster analysis covering the period 2009-2019. Eleven indicators were used to determine the level of socio-economic development, the state of inbound and domestic tourism and the degree of transport infrastructure development. The results of the study suggest that there have been progressive changes in the territorial structure of tourism in the Baltic States. The main centres of attraction are the capitals and their adjacent territories. Horizontal contacts with more developed regions of the EU states and vertical interaction with other regions of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have a significant impact on the development of tourism activities. Central regions are dominant in terms of attracting tourist flows. This is characteristic of a highly polarized tourism structure. However, many semi-peripheral and peripheral regions have lately improved their position, being integrated into national and cross-border tourism routes and increasing outreach in the tourism market

Nuclear safety and nuclear energy development

In this article the issues of nuclear power, expansion and hindrances of its development are considered. The study of "energy pattern" has allowed to make the following conclusions. For the development of nuclear power it is necessary to provide a decrease it risk factors, enhance security and safety to protect staff, population and environment against undue radiological hazards and their consequences

The Development of Corporate Environmental Responsibility of the Oil and Gas Business in the Transition to «Green» Economy

The reorientation of national socio-economic systems on the principles of sustainable development necessitates the study of present condition and prospects of development of corporate environmental responsibility of business under the concept green economy. The oil and gas industry took a leading share the gross domestic product and exports Russia, while providing increased operational stress on the environment. It is therefore important to increase the involvement of the oil and gas business in solving global environmental problems, to enhance the transition to new forms of corporate environmental responsibility, adequate modern goals of social development. The aim of the study is the systematization of directions and principles for the development of environmentally responsible oil and gas business in the context of the transition to a green economy. The methodological basis of the research is comparative, statistical and scoring methods. In the work of an analysis of the model of corporate environmental responsibility of enterprises in conditions of “brown” and “green” economy, presented the results of studies of environmental activities of oil companies in Russia. Perspective directions of development are formulated environmental liability of the oil and gas business in the context of more full conformity with the principles of “green” economy, as well as environmental standards and social organizations. Materials contained in this article may complement the theoretical and practical basis of decisions aimed at sustainable development of the oil and gas business without causing harm to the environment Wednesday

Nuclear safety and nuclear energy development

In this article the issues of nuclear power, expansion and hindrances of its development are considered. The study of "energy pattern" has allowed to make the following conclusions. For the development of nuclear power it is necessary to provide a decrease it risk factors, enhance security and safety to protect staff, population and environment against undue radiological hazards and their consequences

INTEGRATIVES AS A FORM OF PERSONNEL TRAINING IN THE CONTEXT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF A NATIONAL PROJECT “LABOR PRODUCTIVITY AND EMPLOYMENT SUPPORT”

The issue of choice of the form of conducting classes within the framework of personnel training at industrial enterprises participating in the implementation of the national project “Labor productivity and employment support” has been studied. In the process of staff training, it is necessary to ensure an interdisciplinary approach to the formation of educational programs and take into account significant restrictions on the time and cost of training, which are provided within the framework of this national project. In such conditions, the most appropriate form of conducting classes with employees of enterprises participating in the national project becomes integratives, which are the union of several academic disciplines using action learning technologies. In the course of the study, a comprehensive model of personnel training using integratives was established, tested at the enterprises participating in the national project “Labor Productivity and Employment Support” in the Perm Territory and also the problems that arise during integrative classes and ways to solve them have been defined. The results of the study can be used to draw up programs and training plans for personnel of enterprises implementing the national project “Labor Productivity and Employment Support” in the regions of the Russian Federation

Formación de la legislación sobre el seguro de pensiones en Francia, el Reino Unido y Rusia. Una retrospectiva

The relevance of the study is due to the crisis of modern pension insurance systems and the need to change the paradigm of pension legislation development. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the formation of legislation on pension insurance in several countries (France, Great Britain, and Russia) at the initial stage of development (before 1914). The novelty is expressed both in the formulation of the problem and in the research methodology (the choice of countries and the period of research, the justification for the use of methods: dialectics, analysis, synthesis, system-structural, sociological, statistical, historical-legal, comparative-legal, formal-legal). The result of the study was the conclusions about the historical conditionality of the peculiarities of the formation of legislation on pension insurance in a particular country. There was early legalization of both voluntary and compulsory pension insurance in France. There was no legislation on pension insurance in the UK during the period under review, despite the early development of relevant institutions in the framework of workshops, guilds, and later in the framework of trade unions and “friendly societies”. In Russia, due to the agrarian nature of the economy, pension insurance did not develop within the framework of workshops and guilds; there were no laws on insurance in case of old age by 1914, while the risks of disability and loss of the breadwinner were regulated by law.El estudio analiza la crisis de los sistemas modernos pensionales y establece la necesidad de cambiar el paradigma de la legislación de pensiones. El objetivo del estudio consiste en identificar las características de la legislación sobre los seguros pensionales de varios estados (Francia, Reino Unido y Rusia) partiendo de su etapa inicial hasta 1914. La novedad se expresa tanto en la formulación del problema como en la metodología de investigación (selección de países y período de estudio, justificación de la aplicación de los métodos: dialéctico, de análisis, de síntesis, sistémico-estructural, sociológico, estadístico, histórico-legal, comparativo-legal, formal-legal). Como resultado del estudio se llegó a conclusiones sobre el condicionamiento histórico de las características de la formación de la legislación sobre el seguro de pensiones de un país en particular. En Francia, se promulgó una legislación temprana sobre el seguro de pension voluntario y también obligatorio en Francia. En el Reino Unido, durante el período que se examina, no había legislación sobre seguros de pensiones, a pesar del desarrollo temprano de las instituciones pertinentes dentro de los talleres, gremios y, posteriormente, dentro de la actividad de los sindicatos y las «sociedades fraternales». En Rusia, debido a la naturaleza agraria de la economía, el seguro de pensiones en el marco de los talleres y gremios nunca funcionó; en 1914 se adolecía de leyes sobre el seguro de vejez, mientras que los riesgos de discapacidad y la pérdida del sostén de la familia se regulaban por ley