Kinetics and mechanistic chemistry of oxidation of butacaine sulfate by chloramine-b in acid medium

Butacaine sulfate is an ester of p-aminobenzoic acid which has been widely used as a local anaesthetic and it is a long standing agent particularly for spinal anaesthesia. For this reason, a kinetic study of oxidation of butacaine sulfate by sodium N-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (chloramine-B or CAB) has been carried out in HClO4 medium at 303 K in order to explore this redox system mechanistic chemistry. The rate shows a firstorder dependence on both CABo, and substrateo, and a fractional-order dependence on acid concentration. Decrease of dielectric constant of the medium, by adding methanol, increases the rate of the reaction. Variation of ionic strength and addition of benzenesulfonamide or NaCl have no significant effect on the rate. The reaction was studied at different temperatures and the activation parameters have been evaluated. The stoichiometry of the reaction has been found to be 1:2 and the oxidation products have been identified by spectral analysis. The observed results have been explained by plausible mechanism and the related rate law has been deduced

Temporal and Spectral Analysis of EMG for Classification of Muscular Paralysis

Loss of muscle function is the condition referred to as paralysis. Parts of the body may be completely paralysed or only partially. The quality of life is enhanced by the early identification of paralysis. In people with paralysis and neuromuscular diseases, EMG signals can be used to analyse muscular activation. In this study, EMG signals are analysed by feature extraction and divided into two categories: normal and paralysed. The obtained findings demonstrate that the extracted features in the suggested work perform better for EMG signal categorization.  The conditions of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Myopathy are taken into consideration in this study to examine the paralysis state. Using time and frequency domain approaches, characteristics were retrieved from the EMG of healthy and paralysed participants. Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting (XGBOOST), and K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) Classifiers are the classifier models used in the study. With time domain EMG information, classifiers like MLP, SVM, RF, XGBOOST, and KNN are used. The frequency domain EMG characteristics are applied to the MLP, RF, XGBOOST, and KNN classifiers. With time domain EMG features, MLP achieved a classification accuracy of 76.5%, SVM with 77.2%, RF with 76.1%, XGBOOST with 77.1%, and KNN with 75.8%.  In comparison to classifier models employing time domain EMG information, the SVM classifier performs better. The classification accuracy for MLP, RF, XGBOOST, and KNN using frequency domain EMG features is 77.7%, 76.6%, and 75%, respectively. In comparison to other classifier models with frequency domain features, the MLP and RF classifiers perform better. Time and frequency domains of the EMG of Normal, ALS, and Myopathy diseases are investigated. It has been noted that the EMG signal and its characteristics differ significantly (p<0.05) between the Normal and Paralysis conditions. EMG is utilised in the current study to analyse and categorise paralysis, which helps with early diagnosis and improved treatment options

Role of hysterolaparoscopy in unexplained infertility

Background: Infertility, as defined by World Health Organization (WHO), is failure to achieve pregnancy during 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of unsuspected pathology at hysterolaparoscopy in presumed unexplained infertility, the incidence of intervention done for correcting pathology and its outcome and the importance of hysterolaparoscopy in the evaluation and treatment of infertile couples.Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out at IVF and Endoscopy centre, Department of obstetrics and gynecology at the Ruby Hall clinic, Pune from 1st November 2014 to 30th July 2016, after obtaining institutional ethical clearance and who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed clinical history and physical examination and bimanual pelvic examination were done, following which all the patients were subjected to baseline blood investigation, 3D pelvis (TVS) and semen analysis. Day care hysterolaparoscopy was performed and systematic analysis were done.Results: The mean duration of infertility was 2 to 4 years. In our study out of 75 women 62 (82.67%) showed normal hysteroscopic findings, remaining 13 women (17.67%) showed abnormal hysteroscopic findings like cornaul blockage, intrauterine adhesions and tuberculosis endometrium. Abnormal laparoscopic findings were reported in 29.33% of which the most common pathology was endomertiosis (21.33%).Conclusions: Diagnostic Hysterolaproscopy is a safe, effective, minimally invasive, cost effective, daycare comprehensive procedure in evaluation of unexplained infertility. Apart from routine diagnostic protocol missed pathologies can be detected and this tool can be used for diagnostic as well as therapeutic intervention

EFFECT OF UPFC ON SYSTEM PERFORMANCE UNDER NORMAL AND FAULT CONDITION

This paper deals with the effect of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) on the system performance under normal and fault conditions. Simulink models are developed for 7 bus system with and without UPFC. Digital simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK is done with these models and the results are presented. The effect of UPFC on real power, reactive power and the voltage is also presented

Importance of etiologic diagnosis of hydrocephalus as illustrated by a case of Walker Warburg syndrome

This article does not have an abstract

FPGA based Portable Embedded Real Time Humidity and Temperature Measuring System

A high resolution, cost effective, robust portable embedded FPGA based real time humidity and temperature measuring system has been indigenously developed with provision for local and remote data storage. The system not only measures humidity and temperature but also has provision for insitu recording of the data in the system and can be accessed at any place through web enabling. The system is portable with low power consumption capable of operating both on mains AC 230V or using DC battery. Usage of high resolution real time data acquisition with simultaneous sampling decimates required data via secured communication system. The software has been developed for Data acquisition, signal conditioning, processing and publishing in LabVIEW Real Time FPGA platform

Heliophysics Portal - Multi-Instrument Database of Solar Flares

No abstract availabl

Structural and functional analysis of rice genome

Rice is an excellent system for plant genomics as it represents a modest size genome of 430 Mb. It feeds more than half the population of the world. Draft sequences of the rice genome, derived by whole-genome shotgun approach at relatively low coverage (4-6 X), were published and the International Rice Genome Sequencing Project (IRGSP) declared high quality (>10 X), genetically anchored, phase 2 level sequence in 2002. In addition, phase 3 level finished sequence of chromosomes 1, 4 and 10 (out of 12 chromosomes of rice) has already been reported by scientists from IRGSP consortium. Various estimates of genes in rice place the number at >50,000. Already, over 28,000 full-length cDNAs have been sequenced, most of which map to genetically anchored genome sequence. Such information is very useful in revealing novel features of macroand micro-level synteny of rice genome with other cereals. Microarray analysis is unraveling the identity of rice genes expressing in temporal and spatial manner and should help target candidate genes useful for improving traits of agronomic importance. Simultaneously, functional analysis of rice genome has been initiated by marker-based characterization of useful genes and employing functional knock-outs created by mutation or gene tagging. Integration of this enormous information is expected to catalyze tremendous activity on basic and applied aspects of rice genomics

Barcoding of Asian seabass across its geographic range provides evidence for its bifurcation into two distinct species

Asian seabass or barramundi (Lates calcarifer) is an important food fish with commercial value and a wide geographic distribution. Though some reports based on molecular and/or morphological data exist, a comprehensive effort to establish species identity across its range is lacking. In order to address this issue and especially to ascertain whether the wide-spread distribution has resulted in bifurcation of the species, we collected Asian seabass samples from various locations representing the Western and Eastern Coastline of India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Bangladesh and Australia. Samples from Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Singapore were collected as part of a previous study. DNA sequence variations, including cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI), 16S rDNA and the highly variable D-loop (or control region), were examined to establish species delineation. Data from all the sequences analyzed concordantly point to the existence of at least two distinct species—one representing the Indian subcontinent plus Myanmar, and a second, representing Southeast Asia (Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia) plus Northern Australia. These data are useful for conservation ecology, aquaculture management, for establishing the extent of genetic diversity in the Asian seabass and implementing selective breeding programs for members of this species complex