Trends in development of Russian Far East’s fishing industry in context of strategic regional growth

This article is devoted to topical issues of the fishing industry development in the Russian Far East. Far East is the largest and the most abundant with fish resources region of Russia, and also it is the largest territorial administrative unit. The main scientific and practical task the research can help to solve is implementation of strategic prospects and scientific support of the industry development government programs. The aim of the research is to update the trends and identify the main problems of the fishing industry development in the Far East of Russia over the past decade. Methodologically the research is based on the concept of regional economy sustainable development. The article analyzes such indicators of the industry development as: number of enterprises in the industry, number of employees at the industry enterprises, volume of fish products production and processing, level of domestic prices for fish products, fish products consumption volume, fish products export value, volume of investments in fixed assets of industry enterprises. The key trends are identified and the most important problems of the regional fishing industry development are noted. Among such problems: the industry’s dependence on the world market situation, insufficient development of domestic market, excessive growth in prices for fish products in the domestic market, low degree of fish products processing, dependence of fish products export on Asian countries’ consumers

Analysis of greenhouse gas generation models at household waste landfills for ecosystem applications

The control and minimization of greenhouse gas emissions is an important task of modern ecology. One of the sources of greenhouse gases is landfills of household waste (LHW). A special feature of LHWs, as a source of greenhouse gases, is the complexity of estimating emissions. The fact is that the production of greenhouse gases (mainly methane) at LHW is a long process, time-consuming and dependent on many factors. In particular, the rate of putrefaction of organic waste depends on environmental parameters, such as temperature, humidity, and precipitation patterns. Knowing the estimates of greenhouse gas emissions, it is possible to develop an appropriate technology for their disposal, taking into account the regional features of the location of landfills. A mathematical model of gas formation on LHWs is required to solve the problem of predicting greenhouse gas emissions from these landfills. Currently, there are several generally accepted models of LHW. This paper reviews the three main models used in world practice: LandGEM, EPER-Germany, and TNO in terms of their universality and applicability for describing LHW from Siberia region. It was shown that the most promising model is LandGEM

Near-seismic effects in ULF fields and seismo-acoustic emission: statistics and explanation

International audiencePreseismic intensification of fracturing has been investigated from occurrence analysis of seismo-acoustic pulses (SA foreshocks) and ULF magnetic pulses (ULF foreshocks) observed in Karimshino station in addition to seismic foreshocks. Such analysis is produced for about 40 rather strong and nearby isolated earthquakes during 2 years of recording. It is found that occurrence rate of SA foreshocks increases in the interval (-12, 0 h) before main shock with 3-times exceeding of background level in the interval (-6, -3 h), and occurrence probability of SA foreshocks (pA~75%) is higher than probability of seismic foreshocks (ps~30%) in the same time interval.ULF foreshocks are masked by regular ULF activity at local morning and daytime, nevertheless we have discovered an essential ULF intensity increase in the interval (-3, +1 h) at the frequency range 0.05-0.3 Hz. Estimated occurrence probability of ULF foreshocks is about 40%. After theoretical consideration we conclude: 1) Taking into account the number rate of SA foreshocks, their amplitude and frequency range, they emit due to opening of fractures with size of L=70-200 m (M=1-2); 2) The electro-kinetic effect is the most promising mechanism of ULF foreshocks, but it is efficient only if two special conditions are fulfilled: a) origin of fractures near fluid-saturated places or liquid reservoirs (aquifers); b) appearance of open porosity or initiation of percolation instability; 3) Both SA and ULF magnetic field pulses are related to near-distant fractures (r<20-30 km); 4) Taking into account number rate and activation period of seismic, SA and ULF foreshocks, it is rather probable that opening of fractures and rupture of fluid reservoirs occur in the large preparation area with horizontal size about 100-200km

Methodical Aspects of Development of the Financial Model of Innovation Project in the Segment of Marine Hydrobiological Technologies

The aim of the research is to develop and evaluate the financial model of an innovative investment project based on hydroacoustic technologies to receive funding from the Skolkovo fund and other potential funding institutions for innovative projects. The object of the research is a technological project of a resident of the Skolkovo Foundation - LLC Gidrobionika, based on the research of scientists from the Pacific Branch of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO), the Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University (Dalrybvtuz) and other scientists. The subject of the research is the methodological aspects of assessing the economic efficiency indicators of an innovative project in the segment of hydrobiological technologies. The study used the analysis of factors and risks, cash flow planning, evaluation of criteria NPV, DPI, IRR, PP, ARR, DPP, assessment of the sensitivity of these criteria to various factors based on scenario planning. During the study, a preliminary assessment of the potential market was carried out; segments of industrial fishing and recreational fishing were highlighted; an analysis of environmental factors was carried out; a forecast of production indicators was developed, criteria for the effectiveness of an innovative project were calculated, an analysis of the project’s sensitivity was made taking into account scenario planning. The scope of the results lies in the subsequent detailed development of the analyzed technological project, the improvement of the design methodology of innovative projects in the field of hydrobiological technologies, the development of sonar technology, and the improvement of the venture financing mechanism. Main conclusions. The innovative project of a pneumoacoustic emitter has some potential for implementation, yet the project is subject to risks. When calculating the financial model for the optimistic scenario, the project demonstrates the positive values of all investment criteria. The calculation of various scenarios for the sensitivity of the financial model of the project showed that the project is subject to minor fluctuations in market conditions, changes in revenue, and an increase in operating costs. There is a number of systemic risks that can potentially have a negative impact on the economic viability of the project. To mitigate the risks, a complex of financial and economic measures is required.Целью работы является разработка и оценка финансовой модели инновационного инвестиционного проекта, основанного на гидроакустических технологиях для получения финансирования в фонде «Сколково» и других потенциальных институтах фондирования инновационных проектов. Объектом исследования является технологический проект резидента фонда «Сколково» – ООО «Гидробионика», основанный на исследованиях ученых Тихоокеанского филиала Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института рыбного хозяйства и океанографии (ТИНРО), Дальневосточного государственного технического рыбохозяйственного университета (Дальрыбвтуз) и других ученых. Предмет исследования – методические аспекты оценки показателей экономиче ской эффективно сти инновационного проекта в сегменте гидробиологиче ских технологий. В ходе исследования использовался анализ факторов и рисков, планирование денежных потоков, оценка критериев NPV, DPI, IRR, PP, ARR, DPP, оценка чувствительности данных критериев к различным факторам на основе сценарного планирования. При проведении исследования выполнена предварительная оценка потенциального рынка, выделены сегменты промышленного рыболовства и любительского рыболовства; проведен анализ факторов внешней среды, разработан прогноз производственных показателей, рассчитаны критерии эффективности инновационного проекта, выполнен анализ чувствительности проекта с учетом сценарного планирования. Область применения результатов заключается в последующей детализированной разработке анализируемого технологического проекта, совершенствовании методологии проектирования инновационных проектов в сфере гидробиологических технологий, развитии гидроакустической техники, совершенствовании механизма венчурного финансирования. Проведенный анализ показал, что инновационный проект пневмоакустического излучателя имеет как потенциал к реализации, так и достаточно подвержен рискам. При расчете финансовой модели для оптимистического сценария проект демонстрирует положительные значения инвестиционных критериев. Расчет сценариев чувствительности финансовой модели проекта показал, что он чувствителен к незначительным колебаниям изменения выручки, росту операционных издержек, изменению конъюнктуры. Существует ряд системных рисков, которые потенциально могут оказать негативное влияние на экономическую эффективность проекта. Для нейтрализации рисков требуется комплекс финансовоэкономических мероприятий, детального проектирования бизнес-модели, финансовых потоков, оценки безубыточности проекта

Dynamics of dissolved Fe content in tributaries of Lake Teletskoe, depending on solar activity indicators

Relevance. The need to expand and deepen the understanding of the influence of solar radiation indicators on chemical characteristics of surface water, since the dependence of hydrochemical processes on periodic changes in solar activity has so far been studied extremely poorly. In addition, special attention is paid worldwide to the study of iron content in waters of rivers and lakes. Iron increased concentrations are one of the reasons for the "brownification" of surface waters in a significant part of the Northern Hemisphere. Aim. To establish a relationship between iron content and dynamics in the waters of the tributaries of Lake Teletskoe with indicators of solar activity (sunspots number, F-index). Methods. Water samples from the tributaries of Lake Teletskoe were collected into clean new polyethylene bottles in the estuaries of the rivers, from a depth of 0.5 m during the spring-summer high water and autumn low water, in 2016–2020. Content of total and dissolved Fe in the waters was determined by the ISP-MS method and by the AAS method. We used the data on solar activity indicators from the Belgian Observatory, which are freely available. Results. The total Fe content in the rivers of Lake Teletskoe basin for the period from 2016 to 2020 changes from 5 to 340 µg/l. Concentrations of dissolved iron (4 to 200 µg/l) do not exceed Russian standards, but they are often noticeably higher than the global average for river waters established abroad. The highest iron content, as well as the proportion of its soluble forms in the tributaries of Lake Teletskoe and in lake waters, was noted in 2016. It is probably due to the highest rates of solar activity. They cause certain changes in the environment – such as an increase in air temperature and water evaporation, and decrease in river flow, which accompanied by growth in concentrations of chemical elements in surface waters. Since 2016, there has been a steady decrease in dissolved iron concentration in surface natural waters of Lake Teletskoe basin, which may be a consequence of a decrease in solar radiation intensity in recent years

Patterns of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystallization in complex biological systems

The paper presents the features of calcium oxalate crystallization in the presence of additives revealed through experimental modeling. The patterns of phase formation are shown for the Ca{2+} – C[2]O[4]{ 2–} – H[2]O and Ca{2+} – C[2]O[4]{2–} – PO[4]{3–} – H[2]O systems with the components and pH of the saline varying over a wide concentrations range. The effect of additives on crystallization of calcium oxalate monohydrate was investigated. It was found that the ionic strength and magnesium ions are inhibitors, and calcium oxalate and hydroxyapatite crystals are catalysts of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystallization. The basic calcium phosphate (apatite) was found to be most thermodynamically stable, which indicates its special role in kidney stone formation since it is found in virtually all stones