The relationship of eating behavior with biochemical blood parameters in children and adolescents born preterm

BACKGROUND: Prematurity is a risk for the formation of adverse metabolic disorders, the components of which can progress and lead to obesity. However, at the moment, the presence and nature of interrelations of metabolic parameters with the type of nutrition have not been established, there is also no clear idea of the age and structure of the initial manifestations of metabolic shifts, the prevalence of eating disorders in children born prematurely. AIMS: To determine the frequency and structure of the initial manifestations of the metabolic syndrome (abdominal obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, hypertension); to establish associations of types of eating behavior with biochemical parameters characterizing the adverse metabolic phenotype in children and adolescents born prematurely. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 123 children: in the main group (group 1) there were children and adolescents aged 10-17 years 11 months who were born prematurely (less than 37 weeks at birth and less than 2500 grams at birth), in the control group (group 2) included full-term children (more than 37 weeks and more than 2500 grams at birth). The study included clinical anthropometry with measurement of body weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and hips (HC), followed by calculation of body mass index (BMI) and ratio of WC/HC, measurement of blood pressure (BP). Eating behavior (EB) was assessed using a modified validated Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). RESULTS: WC equal to or above the 90th percentile were only in children from the main group (4 children (9.7%).There were not observed such parameters in the control group (χ²=4.63, p=0.047). BP higher than the 95th percentile was observed mainly in children born prematurely: 19 children (46.3%) against one (3.3%) of the control group (χ²=21.94, p <0.001). Eating disorders are often found in both groups (59 of 123 (47.9%)): the control group had 35 of 65 (53.8%) children against 24 of 58 (41.4%) of the main group (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The components of metabolic syndrome are registered more often in children born prematurely. Eating disorders are often found in both groups

Отдаленные последствия недоношенности: нарушения физического развития и пищевого поведения детей и подростков

Aim. To characterize the physical development (PD) and eating behavior (EB) of children and adolescents born prematurely.Materials and methods. The study involved 123 people born in the period 1997-2008, 58 children born prematurely, age (12 ± 1.3) years, gestation period (33.07 ± 1.9) weeks (main group). The control group consisted of 65 full-term peers, age (12.7 ± 2.2) years, gestational age (39.5 ± 0.8) weeks. Participants were evaluated by PD (height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), throat circumference (TC)) under the WHO AnthroPlus program, and EB using the Dutch DEBQ questionnaire.Results. Growth and Z-score growth of boys and girls of the main group is lower than that of their fullterm peers, p = 0.04; 0.004 (p < 0.0001 for Z-score growth). Z-score BMI in boys and girls of the main group is higher than in full-term, p = 0.04; 0.01. WC/TC the girls of the main group is higher than in fullterm peers, p < 0.0001. In premature boys, the restrictive type is 13.3%, emotional and external – 50%, the combination of emotional and external – 33.3%. In the control restrictive – 5,7%, emotional – 28,6%, external – 32,3%, the combination of emotional and external – 10,8%, the combination of all three types – 5,7%. In the group of premature girls restrictive –7.1% against 36.7% in the control, (p = 0.007), emotsiogenic – 10.7% against 36.6% of the control (p = 0.02), external – 10.3% against 60% of the control (p = 0.003). In the control group the combination of external and emotiogenic – 16.7% (in the primary group is 0, p = 0.02). Preterm boys emotiogenic and external and their combination more often than girls (p = 0.001; 0.02; 0.001).Conclusion. Children and adolescents born prematurely are below full-term peers and have a high z-score of BMI. Boys realize violations of external and emotional types, and their combination. Цель. Охарактеризовать физическое развития (ФР) и пищевое поведение (ПП) детей и подростков, родившихся недоношенными.Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 123 человека, родившихся в 1997–2008 гг., в том числе 58 недоношенных детей, возраст (12 ± 1,3) лет, срок гестации (33,07 ± 1,9) нед (основная группа). Группу контроля составили 65 доношенных сверстников, возраст (12,7 ± 2,2) лет, срок гестации (39,5 ± 0,8) нед. Участникам проведена оценка ФР (рост, вес, индекс массы тела (ИМТ), окружность талии (ОТ), окружность бедер (ОБ)) по программе WHO AnthroPlus и ПП с помощью голландского опросника DEBQ.Результаты. В исследовании показано, что рост и z-score роста мальчиков и девочек основной группы ниже, чем у их доношенных сверстников, р = 0,04; р = 0,004 соответственно (р < 0,0001 для z-score роста). Отмечено, что z-score ИМТ у мальчиков и девочек основной группы выше, чем у доношенных, р = 0,04; р = 0,01; ОТ/ОБ у девочек основной группы выше, чем у доношенных сверстниц, р < 0,0001. У недоношенных мальчиков выявлены следующие типы ПП: ограничительный (13,3%), эмоциогенный и экстернальный (по 50%), сочетание эмоциогенного и экстернального (33,3%). В контрольной группе обнаружены следующие типы ПП: ограничительный (5,7%), эмоциогенный (28,6%), экстернальный (32,3%), сочетание эмоциогенного и экстернального (10,8%), сочетание всех трех типов (5,7%). У девочек наблюдались следующие типы ПП: ограничительный в основной группе (7,1%) и контрольной (36,7%), р = 0,007; эмоциогенный – 10,7% против 36,6% из контроля (р = 0,02); экстернальный – 10,3% против 60% из контроля (р = 0,003). В контрольной группе отмечено сочетание эмоциогенного и экстернального (16,7%), в основной группе – 0, р = 0,02. У недоношенных мальчиков эмоциогенный и экстернальный тип ПП и их сочетание наблюдались чаще, чем у девочек (р = 0,001; р = 0,02; р = 0,001).Заключение. Дети и подростки, родившиеся недоношенными, ниже доношенных сверстников и имеют высокие z-score ИМТ. Мальчики реализуют нарушения экстернального и эмоциогенного типов и их сочетание.

Synthesis and Structure of Trinuclear W3S4 Clusters Bearing Aminophosphine Ligands and Their Reactivity toward Halides and Pseudohalides

The aminophosphine ligand (2-aminoethyl)- diphenylphosphine (edpp) has been coordinated to the W3(μ- S)(μ-S)3 cluster unit to afford trimetallic complex [W3S4Br3(edpp)3]+ (1+) in a one-step synthesis process with high yields. Related [W3S4X3(edpp)3]+ clusters (X = F−, Cl−, NCS−; 2+−4+) have been isolated by treating 1+ with the corresponding halide or pseudohalide salt. The structure of complexes 1+ to 4+ contains an incomplete W3S4 cubane-type cluster unit, and only one of the possible isomers is formed: the one with the phosphorus atoms trans to the capping sulfur and the amino groups trans to the bridging sulphurs. The remaining coordination position on each metal is occupied by X. Detailed studies using stopped-flow, 31P{1H} NMR, and ESI-MS have been carried out in order to understand the solution behavior and the kinetics of interconversion among species 1+, 2+, 3+, and 4+ in solution. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been also carried out on the reactions of cluster 1+ with the different anions. The whole set of experimental and theoretical data indicate that the actual mechanism of substitutions in these clusters is strongly dependent on the nature of the leaving and entering anions. The interaction between an entering F− and the amino group coordinated to the adjacent metal have also been found to be especially relevant to the kinetics of these reactions

Inner/Outer Nuclear Membrane Fusion in Nuclear Pore Assembly: Biochemical Demonstration and Molecular Analysis

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is characterized by a long-lived membrane-lined channel connecting the inner and outer nuclear membranes. This stabilized membrane channel, within which the nuclear pore is built, has little evolutionary precedent. In this report we demonstrate and map the inner/outer nuclear membrane fusion in NPC assembly

Estimating Renewable Energy Resources of Russia: Goals and Perspectives

During the last several years in some regions of Russian Federation one can observe a growing interest in renewable energy projects motivated by a necessity to have stable, affordable and autonomous energy sources. Besides, there has been an advance in legal initiatives designed to regulate the development of renewable energy sources in Russia. Some governmental regulations having for an object to stimulate this area, have already been accepted. The regulation contains the target value parameters of the output volume of the electric energy output volumes with the use of renewable energy sources (except hydroelectric power plants with the established capacity exceeding 25 MW. The work shows the results of resource estimating wind, solar, biomass energy resources for Russia, using GIS methods, which allow one to provide more exact predictions for the energy development, and therefore to prove investments and to pass to working out the equipment design of energy plants based on renewable energy sources. Current matters are relating to opportunities and perspectives of renewable sector in Russia

Estimating Renewable Energy Resources of Russia: Goals and Perspectives

During the last several years in some regions of Russian Federation one can observe a growing interest in renewable energy projects motivated by a necessity to have stable, affordable and autonomous energy sources. Besides, there has been an advance in legal initiatives designed to regulate the development of renewable energy sources in Russia. Some governmental regulations having for an object to stimulate this area, have already been accepted. The regulation contains the target value parameters of the output volume of the electric energy output volumes with the use of renewable energy sources (except hydroelectric power plants with the established capacity exceeding 25 MW. The work shows the results of resource estimating wind, solar, biomass energy resources for Russia, using GIS methods, which allow one to provide more exact predictions for the energy development, and therefore to prove investments and to pass to working out the equipment design of energy plants based on renewable energy sources. Current matters are relating to opportunities and perspectives of renewable sector in Russia

Renewable energy technologies: enlargement of biofuels list and co-products from microalgae

Microalgae is a perspective feedstock for producing a wide variety of biofuels and co-products with high added value. An alternative to the traditional technology of biodiesel from algae by the transesterification is the technology of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). The article presents the results of promising strains screening and directed cultivation of microalgae for the processing by means of variety of technologies and production of valuable co-products. An algorithm for selecting suitable areas for industrial plantations of algae is presented

Renewable energy technologies: enlargement of biofuels list and co-products from microalgae

Microalgae is a perspective feedstock for producing a wide variety of biofuels and co-products with high added value. An alternative to the traditional technology of biodiesel from algae by the transesterification is the technology of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). The article presents the results of promising strains screening and directed cultivation of microalgae for the processing by means of variety of technologies and production of valuable co-products. An algorithm for selecting suitable areas for industrial plantations of algae is presented