4,570 research outputs found
Efficient Yield Curve Estimation and Forecasting in Brazil
Term Structure of the Interest Rate, Yield Curve, State-Space Model, Kalman Filter.
On topological spin excitations on a rigid torus
We study Heisenberg model of classical spins lying on the toroidal support,
whose internal and external radii are and , respectively. The isotropic
regime is characterized by a fractional soliton solution. Whenever the torus
size is very large, , its charge equals unity and the soliton
effectively lies on an infinite cylinder. However, for R=0 the spherical
geometry is recovered and we obtain that configuration and energy of a soliton
lying on a sphere. Vortex-like configurations are also supported: in a ring
torus () such excitations present no core where energy could blow up. At
the limit we are effectively describing it on an infinite
cylinder, where the spins appear to be practically parallel to each other,
yielding no net energy. On the other hand, in a horn torus () a singular
core takes place, while for (spindle torus) two such singularities
appear. If is further diminished until vanish we recover vortex
configuration on a sphere.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figure
On multigraded generalizations of Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules
We study the category of Z^l-graded modules with finite-dimensional graded
pieces for certain Z+^l-graded Lie algebras. We also consider certain Serre
subcategories with finitely many isomorphism classes of simple objects. We
construct projective resolutions for the simple modules in these categories and
compute the Ext groups between simple modules. We show that the projective
covers of the simple modules in these Serre subcategories can be regarded as
multigraded generalizations of Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules and give a
recursive formula for computing their graded characters
Topological insulator particles as optically induced oscillators: towards dynamical force measurements and optical rheology
We report the first experimental study upon the optical trapping and
manipulation of topological insulator (TI) particles. By virtue of the unique
TI properties, which have a conducting surface and an insulating bulk, the
particles present a peculiar behaviour in the presence of a single laser beam
optical tweezers: they oscillate in a plane perpendicular to the direction of
the laser propagation, as a result of the competition between radiation
pressure and gradient forces. In other words, TI particles behave as optically
induced oscillators, allowing dynamical measurements with unprecedented
simplicity and purely optical control. Actually, optical rheology of soft
matter interfaces and biological membranes, as well as dynamical force
measurements in macromolecules and biopolymers, may be quoted as feasible
possibilities for the near future.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures. Correspondence and requests for Supplementary
Material should be addressed to [email protected]
Ground-state configurations in ferromagnetic nanotori
Magnetization ground states are studied in toroidal nanomagnets. The
energetics associated to the ferromagnetic, vortex and onion-like
configurations are explicitly computed. The analysis reveals that the vortex
appears to be the most prominent of such states, minimizing total energy in
every torus with internal radius (for Permalloy). For
the vortex remains the most favorable pattern whenever
( is the torus external radius and is
the exchange length), being substituted by the ferromagnetic state whenever
.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, 3 apendices, Revtex forma
On the multiplicity of the hyperelliptic integrals
Let be an Abelian integral, where
is a hyperelliptic polynomial of Morse type, a
horizontal family of cycles in the curves , and a polynomial
1-form in the variables and . We provide an upper bound on the
multiplicity of , away from the critical values of . Namely: $ord\
I(t) \leq n-1+\frac{n(n-1)}{2}\deg \omega <\deg H=n+1\delta(t)nHHI(t)\gamma(t)\textbf C^ n\gamma(t)\omegaHI(t)\{H=t\}
\subseteq \textbf C^2\omega\gamma(t)\textbf C^{n+1}ord I(t)\deg \omega$.Comment: 18 page
Magnetic monopole and string excitations in a two-dimensional spin ice
We study the magnetic excitations of a square lattice spin-ice recently
produced in an artificial form, as an array of nanoscale magnets. Our analysis,
based upon the dipolar interaction between the nanomagnetic islands, correctly
reproduces the ground-state observed experimentally. In addition, we find
magnetic monopole-like excitations effectively interacting by means of the
usual Coulombic plus a linear confining potential, the latter being related to
a string-like excitation binding the monopoles pairs, what indicates that the
fractionalization of magnetic dipoles may not be so easy in two dimensions.
These findings contrast this material with the three-dimensional analogue,
where such monopoles experience only the Coulombic interaction. We discuss,
however, two entropic effects that affect the monopole interactions: firstly,
the string configurational entropy may loose the string tension and then, free
magnetic monopoles should also be found in lower dimensional spin ices;
secondly, in contrast to the string configurational entropy, an entropically
driven Coulomb force, which increases with temperature, has the opposite effect
of confining the magnetic defects.Comment: 8 pages. Accepted by Journal of Applied Physics (2009
Random fluctuation leads to forbidden escape of particles
A great number of physical processes are described within the context of
Hamiltonian scattering. Previous studies have rather been focused on
trajectories starting outside invariant structures, since the ones starting
inside are expected to stay trapped there forever. This is true though only for
the deterministic case. We show however that, under finitely small random
fluctuations of the field, trajectories starting inside Arnold-Kolmogorov-Moser
(KAM) islands escape within finite time. The non-hyperbolic dynamics gains then
hyperbolic characteristics due to the effect of the random perturbed field. As
a consequence, trajectories which are started inside KAM curves escape with
hyperbolic-like time decay distribution, and the fractal dimension of a set of
particles that remain in the scattering region approaches that for hyperbolic
systems. We show a universal quadratic power law relating the exponential decay
to the amplitude of noise. We present a random walk model to relate this
distribution to the amplitude of noise, and investigate this phenomena with a
numerical study applying random maps.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures - Up to date with corrections suggested by
referee
Fasting Glucose Metabolism in Pregnancy
The HAPO study found a continuous association between hyperglycemia at 24-32 weeks of gestation, below the diagnostic levels of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and adverse pregnancy outcomes, suggesting the need to reconsider the diagnostic criteria for GDM. Recently, a consensus for diagnosis of diabetes in pregnancy was published, based on the results of the HAPO study. Diagnosing for diabetes is considered already in the first trimester with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), but oral glucose tolerance test is recommended to be performed only at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Identifying all pregnant women at risk for GDM in the first trimester would allow an individualization of obstetric care and establishment of a dietetic and exercise plan since earlier stages of pregnancy with potential benefits for both mother and fetus.
The glycemic metabolism varies throughout pregnancy, as insulin resistance increases during pregnancy. However the cut-off values for blood glucose tests in screening and diagnosing GDM are independent of gestational age.
The objectives of this study are to verify if the pregnant women with and without GDM diagnosed in the second/third trimester are already different from each other in the first trimester regarding FPG levels and to study the evolution of the FPG throughout pregnancy
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