Expulsions in the Russian North: migration processes and neoliberal policy

The article summarizes the results of a long-term study of changes in living conditions of the population in the North during the formation of trade capitalism and the spread of neoliberal policy. Expulsion is considered as an institutionally organized way of exception in the form of state policy, actively supporting social polarization, contributing to consumer way of natural resource development and extensive use of before-built infrastructure, and accompanied by the isolation of the experience, disregard of the interests and violation of the rights of residents. The article proves that Soviet policy, interested in attracting labor to develop the Russian North and used a distribution system of goods for these purposes, did not contribute much to the consolidation of labor migrants in the northern territories as it initiated their return to the homeland at the end of their labor biography. The position of a “temporary worker” was formed by the proposed privileges, which served a compensation for work in adverse climatic conditions but did not contribute to the prospects for the development of the northern territories. At the same time, the interests of residents, who turned out to be cut off from prestigious jobs and found themselves in worse living conditions, were regularly ignored, and their rights were unrecognized. If, through vertical mobility and integration into the Soviet distribution system, it was possible to smooth out the inequities in the distribution of benefits, it became more difficult to hide this with the country's transition to the market and the beginning of a new phase of natural resource extraction. Moreover, considering the exclusion processes have become more widespread. Now not only the indigenous peoples of the North but also the second generation of migrants are among the vulnerable groups. The focus of the conflict has shifted and expressed itself in the relations between the residents of the Center and the regions

State preferences for the people in remote and northern territories of Russia

The necessity of special benefits and guaranties for distant territories, and areas of the Far North and equivalent territories, allocated in a special group, aimed at involvement of people and providing the needs of national economy with natural resources are described in the article. The author’s periodization of the legal development of northern benefits and guaranties was presented. The grounds for separating the periods were the years of regionalization of these territories and a set of state preferences granted to the population in different periods. Five stages are highlighted: first — pre-Soviet, tsarist period, when the benefits and guaranties were introduced for distant localities; second stage — 1923–1932, the foundations of the benefit system by territories and branches were laid; third — 1942–1945, the WWII years, when all benefits were collapsed or cancelled, fourth stage — 1946–1967, recovery of earlier established benefits, introduction the new benefits; fifth stage — 1990–2014, was ordering of benefits and guaranties due to the new economic realities; a part of benefits became a competence of labor law, defined by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. The authors conclude that the development activities in the northern territories were the main goal of the government, and, therefore, the legal regulation of guaranties and benefits for the employees of the Far North and equivalent for them territories were also a priority. During the 20th century and in the beginning of the 21st century, the benefits for the employees of the Far North and equivalent territories had been repeatedly changed. They were expanded or limited depending on the necessity and opportunities of the state

GROUPS WHOSE ELEMENT ORDERS DO NOT EXCEED 6

It is proved that a periodic group whose element orders do not exceed 6 either is a locally finite or is group of exponent 5

Parenthood through the students' eyes

Using the monitoring of reproductive attitudes of students, the article examines various assessments of parenthood, that include motherhood, the problems of living in the same household with parents, expecting help from children by parents in old age. The article shows value orientations of young people and the impact of having children on their livelihoods.На основе мониторинга репродуктивных установок студенческой молодежи рассматриваются различные оценки родительства: материнства, совместного проживания родителей с детьми, ожидание помощи от детей в старости. Приводятся ценностные ориентации молодежи, оценивается влияние детей на их жизнедеятельность

Influence of the Activation Time on Parameters of a Graphite Structure

Текст статьи не публикуется в открытом доступе в соответствии с политикой журнала.Abstract—The structure of natural crystalline and cryptocrystalline graphites from deposits of Krasnoyarsk krai is investigated by means of XXray structural analysis using a D8 Advance diffractometer (Bruker, Germany). The variations in types and parameters of the crystal lattice due to the mechanical activation or mechanical synthesis of the material are revealed and the optimal activation modes of graphite at which they occur are established. The influence of the treatment time on the structural parameters of both types of graphites is considered. It is shown that their physicochemical properties are improved at the optimal activation duration due to the variation in the type and lattice parameters as well as amorphization of the crystal structure

Influence of the Activation Time on Parameters of a Graphite Structure

Текст статьи не публикуется в открытом доступе в соответствии с политикой журнала.Abstract—The structure of natural crystalline and cryptocrystalline graphites from deposits of Krasnoyarsk krai is investigated by means of XXray structural analysis using a D8 Advance diffractometer (Bruker, Germany). The variations in types and parameters of the crystal lattice due to the mechanical activation or mechanical synthesis of the material are revealed and the optimal activation modes of graphite at which they occur are established. The influence of the treatment time on the structural parameters of both types of graphites is considered. It is shown that their physicochemical properties are improved at the optimal activation duration due to the variation in the type and lattice parameters as well as amorphization of the crystal structure

Diastolic function of the left ventricle in patients with cardiomyopathy and low ejection fraction: the role of torsion in left bundle branch block

Influence of left bundle branch block (LBBB) on left ventricle (LV) diastolic function and mechanisms of LV torsion remains underestimated.Aim. To study the relationship of LV diastolic function and LV torsion in patients with cardiomyopathy and LBBB in comparison with patients with cardiomyopathy and normal intraventricular conduction.Material and methods. Patients with cardiomyopathy (n=74) and LV ejection fraction <40% were included into the study and divided in two groups with narrow QRS complex and LBBB (the mean QRS duration = 153 ms). Echocardiography was performed in all patients with hemodynamic indices detection, and myocardium strain and torsion estimation.Results. The patients with LBBB showed less twisting, than patients without LBBB (3.24±3.35° and 5.87±3.83°, respectively, p=0.013914), but significant diastolic function differences between groups were absent. Despite the lack of difference in heart remodeling indices, subgroup of patients with LV rigid body rotation showed significantly less LV twisting and changes in pulmonary vein flow related to LV high end diastolic pressure. In the rigid body rotation group systolic left atrial filling fraction was 32.3±8.07%, whereas in the group with a physiological counter-rotation - 53.1±10.1% (p=0.000226). Potential reason of these findings was interventricular dyssynchrony. Deviation of time interval to peak myocardial systolic velocity between opposite basal segments in group with LBBB and anomalous LV rotation was more (63.3±35.1 ms) than this in group with LBBB and physiological LV rotation (8.0±17.9 mc, p=0.015922). This finding suggests that LV rigid body rotation in patients with LBBB may reflect a more pronounced mechanical dyssynchrony.Conclusion. LBBB has complex negative influence on process of LV electric activation and contraction which results in deterioration of LV twisting, mechanical dyssynchrony and deterioration of diastolic function. In disorders of intraventricular conduction and local contractility, assessment of pulmonary vein flow, possibly, more precisely reflects diastolic function status

The bioreactor with use of impeller mixers for cultivation of biomass of microalgas

Cultivation of microalgas gains popularity in the different countries in recent years. As a result of such intensive development of production the extensive experience in constructioning of various types of bioreactors was gained. The bioreactor for cultivation of microalgas having the cylindrical housing divided by horizontal partitions into sections for input and output of cultural liquid and additional section with an internal specular surface, the bubble device and gate stirrers fixed on blades, the rigidly bound to shaft is developed. Planetary rotation of gate stirrers concerning a shaft creates additional turbulization of the environment, provides alignment of concentration of cells of biomass, prevents emergence of hold-up spots, a premature deposition of cages of culture on the bottom of the device and increases efficiency of cultivation of microalgas. In the main section suspension of a microalga is exposed to the uniform light energy by means of coaxially established filament lamp of a daylight and to reflection of light from an internal specular surface of a housing. In the course of irradiating the filament lamp distinguishes warmth which is compensated by supply of the cooling air the Main difference from other bioreactors the impeller mixer fixed to a shaft in the bottom of a housing, preventing stratifying of the biomass pulp leaving more heavy is obespechivashchy full circulation of cultural liquid in the bottom of the device as in the horizontal, and vertical planes, at minimum mechanical energy consumptions. This device allows to create additional turbulization of the environment, to provide the uniform aeration, decrease in a power consumption on supply of steam-and-gas mixture in a collector, to prevent formation of "stagnant" zones in the bottom of the device