1,929 research outputs found
Comparison of lunar rocks and meteorites: Implications to histories of the moon and parent meteorite bodies
A number of similarities between lunar and meteoritic rocks are reported and suggest that the comparison is essential for a clear understanding of meteorites as probes of the early history of the solar systems: (1) Monomict and polymict breccias occur in lunar rocks, as well as in achondritic and chondritic meteorites, having resulted from complex and repeated impact processes. (2) Chondrules are present in lunar, as well as in a few achondritic and most chondritic meteorites. It is pointed out that because chondrules may form in several different ways and in different environments, a distinction between the different modes of origin and an estimate of their relative abundance is important if their significance as sources of information on the early history of the solar system is to be clearly understood. (3) Lithic fragments are very useful in attempts to understand the pre- and post-impact history of lunar and meteoritic breccias. They vary from little modified (relative to the apparent original texture), to partly or completely melted and recrystallized lithic fragments
Superlattice properties of carbon nanotubes in a transverse electric field
Electron motion in a (n,1) carbon nanotube is shown to correspond to a de
Broglie wave propagating along a helical line on the nanotube wall. This
helical motion leads to periodicity of the electron potential energy in the
presence of an electric field normal to the nanotube axis. The period of this
potential is proportional to the nanotube radius and is greater than the
interatomic distance in the nanotube. As a result, the behavior of an electron
in a (n,1) nanotube subject to a transverse electric field is similar to that
in a semiconductor superlattice. In particular, Bragg scattering of electrons
from the long-range periodic potential results in the opening of gaps in the
energy spectrum of the nanotube. Modification of the bandstructure is shown to
be significant for experimentally attainable electric fields, which raises the
possibility of applying this effect to novel nanoelectronic devices.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
Nuclear spin pumping and electron spin susceptibilities
In this work we present a new formalism to evaluate the nuclear spin dynamics
driven by hyperfine interaction with non-equilibrium electron spins. To
describe the dynamics up to second order in the hyperfine coupling, it suffices
to evaluate the susceptibility and fluctuations of the electron spin. Our
approach does not rely on a separation of electronic energy scales or the
specific choice of electronic basis states, thereby overcoming practical
problems which may arise in certain limits when using a more traditional
formalism based on rate equations.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure
InGaAs/GaAs/alkanethiolate radial superlattices: Experimental
A radial InGaAs/GaAs/1-hexadecanethiol superlattice is fabricated by the
roll-up of a strained InGaAs/GaAs bilayer passivated with a molecular
self-assembled monolayer. Our technique allows the formation of multi-period
inorganic/organic hybrid heterostructures. This paper contains the detailed
experimental description of how to fabricate these structures.Comment: 2 pages, no figures, Version 2; minor changes (fixed typos and update
references
Tunneling of Bloch electrons through vacuum barrier
Tunneling of Bloch electrons through a vacuum barrier introduces new physical
effects in comparison with the textbook case of free (plane wave) electrons.
For the latter, the exponential decay rate in the vacuum is minimal for
electrons with the parallel component of momentum , and
the prefactor is defined by the electron momentum component in the normal to
the surface direction. However, the decay rate of Bloch electrons may be
minimal at an arbitrary (``hot spots''), and the prefactor
is determined by the electron's group velocity, rather than by its
quasimomentum.Comment: 4 pages, no fig
Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1), Protein Kinase A (PKA) and Cytosolic pH Regulate a Transcriptional Circuit for Lipid Droplet Formation
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous organelles that fulfill essential roles in response to metabolic cues. The identification of several neutral lipid synthesizing and regulatory protein complexes have propelled significant advance on the mechanisms of LD biogenesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, our understanding of signaling networks, especially transcriptional mechanisms, regulating membrane biogenesis is very limited. Here, we show that the nutrient-sensing Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1) regulates LD formation at a transcriptional level, by targeting DGA1 expression, in a Sit4-, Mks1-, and Sfp1-dependent manner. We show that cytosolic pH (pHc), co-regulated by the plasma membrane H+-ATPase Pma1 and the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), acts as a second messenger, upstream of protein kinase A (PKA), to adjust the localization and activity of the major transcription factor repressor Opi1, which in turn controls the metabolic switch between phospholipid metabolism and lipid storage. Together, this work delineates hitherto unknown molecular mechanisms that couple nutrient availability and pHc to LD formation through a transcriptional circuit regulated by major signaling transduction pathwaysThis research was funded by FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia. V.T. (CEECIND/00724/2017 andCEECIND/00724/2017/CP1386/CT0006) and T.M. (SFRH/BD/136996/2018) were supported by FCT. This work was also funded by national funds through FCT, under the project UIDB/04293/2020. W.A.P is supported by the Intramural Research Program of The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
Interaction Effects in Conductivity of Si Inversion Layers at Intermediate Temperatures
We compare the temperature dependence of resistivity \rho(T) of Si MOSFETs
with the recent theory by Zala et al. This comparison does not involve any
fitting parameters: the effective mass m* and g*-factor for mobile electrons
have been found independently. An anomalous increase of \rho with temperature,
which has been considered a signature of the "metallic" state, can be described
quantitatively by the interaction effects in the ballistic regime. The in-plane
magnetoresistance \rho(B) is qualitatively consistent with the theory; however,
the lack of quantitative agreement indicates that the magnetoresistance is more
susceptible to the sample-specific effects than \rho(T).Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. References update
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