Quaternary palynostratigraphy of the Pechora Sea

By combining the lithologic, original palynologic and published micropaleonthological data we reconstructed paleogeographical events On the Pechora shelf during the Younger Dryas and Holocene time. Our paleoenvironmental reconstructions are based On the regularities in formation of pollen-and-spores assemblages in the surface sediments of the Pechora Sea. The main stages in paleogeography of the Pechora Sea during the Late Pleistocene were emphasized. The Late Valdai sediments in the Pechora Sea region were accumulated under the influence of fluvioglacial flows probably from the melting ice cap on Kolguev Island and, also, coastal glaciers. Climate deterioration considerably changed coastal vegetation as reflected in the depleted taxonomic and quantitative composition of palynospectra. The pollen data suggest that Open steppe-like plant communities with Artemisia, Poaceae, Asteraceae and Caryophyllaceae dominated dry ecotopes On watersheds, whereas tundra-like communities with Betula nana, arctic Salix, Dryas, Saxifraga, Carex and Brassicaceae were common in more humid coastal lowlands. The overlying silts and loamy sands are believed to have been accumulated during early deglaciation, i.e., Older Dryas and Alleröd. During this phase the glacial sedimentation was rather rapidly replaced by a glaciomarine deposition. Progressive climate warming caused prominent changes in coastal vegetation. Discontinuous treeless tundra-steppe associations were replaced by dwarf and shrub ernik tundra. A "complex vegetation cover" of forest-tundra apparently existed in the northern part of the Kola Peninsula and in the Northern Dvina Lowland. By the end of the Alleröd alder-bushes and horsetails occupied riverbanks, and spruce occurred in the forest-tundra communities on the adjacent hinterland

Convergence modelling in international integration associations

The article considers mathematical tools for modelling economic policy as a whole, as well as convergence in the field of labor, foreign economic activity, monetary and debt policy. Convergence was estimated using the convergence model, which characterizes the decrease in time spread in the levels of development of countries and regions, reflecting the negative relationship between economic growth rates and the initial level of development of countries and regions. The convergence was estimated by the coefficient of variation and by the dispersion-based model. To assess convergence, we used the Barro and Salai- Martin models, as well as the Baumol, Solow-Svan, and Quadrado-Rour models. The use of this mathematical toolkit allows to explore the presence and speed of convergence before and after joining international integration associations. The proposed mathematical modelling tools are recommended to be used in order to analyze convergence processes, study the dynamics of convergence or divergence, and also to adjust the directions and methods of state and regional economic policies of countries included in the integration association. © 2020 South Ural State University. All rights reserved

СРАВНЕНИЕ МАТРИЧНЫХ ЭФФЕКТОВ НА АТОМНО-ЭМИССИОННЫХ СПЕКТРОМЕТРАХ С МИКРОВОЛНОВОЙ ПЛАЗМОЙ

The creation and implementation of new sources of sample excitation and spectrometers based on them into the practice of analytical laboratories raises many questions for researchers about the obtained analytical characteristics of new equipment and analysis methods. The most important characteristics of any method include detection limits, accuracy and reproducibility of the results obtained. Matrix elements can have a significant effect on these parameters. The paper shows a comparison of the change in the intensities of analytical lines of elements in the presence of matrix elements with ionization potentials of 5.13 - 10.48 eV (Na, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, In, Ga, Bi) in the concentration range of 0 - 1 wt %. on commercially available atomic emission spectrometers with microwave plasma Grand-MP ("VMK-Optoelektronika") and Agilent MP-AES 4100 (Agilent Technologies). It is shown that the magnitude of the matrix effect in these excitation sources depends on the ionization potential of the matrix element and the total energy of the analyte line. A significant effect of matrix elements with a concentration of up to 1% wt. on the intensity of spectral lines of atoms and ions of the sample. Elements with medium and high ionization energies practically do not affect the intensity of atomic spectral lines of impurity elements and lead to a decrease in the intensity of ionic lines. The influence of easily ionized elements is more pronounced - both depressing and amplifying effects are observed, probably caused by both a change in the concentration of electrons in the plasma, leading to a linear change in the equilibrium between atoms and ions, and a decrease in the plasma temperature. An increase in the power supplied to the plasma on the Grand-MP spectrometer leads to a decrease in the effect of easily ionized elements on the intensity of the spectral lines of the elements. It is shown that the plasma in the Grand-MP spectrometer has better resistance to matrix influences as compared to the Agilent MP-AES 4100, which is associated with a large plasma volume and a higher input power.Keywords: atomic emission analysis, microwave plasma, spectrum excitation source, magnetron, resonator, spectrometer, analytical characteristics. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2021.25.4.004E.V. Polyakova1, O.V. Pelipasov21Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Lavrentiev ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation2Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Academician Koptyug ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian FederationСоздание и внедрение в практику аналитических лаборатории новых источников возбуждения спектров излучения атомов пробы и спектрометров на их основе ставит множество вопросов перед исследователями о полученных аналитических характеристиках нового оборудования и методик анализа. К наиболее важным характеристикам любого метода относят пределы обнаружения, правильность и воспроизводимость получаемых результатов. Существенное влияние на эти параметры могут оказывать матричные элементы. В работе проведено сравнение изменения интенсивностей аналитических линий элементов-примесей в присутствии матричных элементов с потенциалами ионизации 5.13 – 10.48 эВ (Na, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, In, Ga, Bi, P) в диапазоне концентраций 0 – 1 % мас. на коммерчески доступных атомно-эмиссионных спектрометрах с микроволновой плазмой «Гранд-СВЧ» («ВМК-Оптоэлектроника») и Agilent MP-AES 4100 (Agilent Technologies). Показано, что величина матричного эффекта в этих источниках возбуждения зависит от потенциала ионизации матричного элемента и суммарной энергии линии аналита. Установлено влияние матричных элементов (Na, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, In, Ga, Bi, P) с концентрацией до 1 % мас. на интенсивность спектральных линий атомов и ионов пробы. Элементы со средней и высокой энергией ионизации практически не влияют на интенсивность атомарных спектральных линий элементов-примесей и приводят к снижению интенсивности ионных линий. Влияние легкоионизируемых элементов более выражено: наблюдаются как депрессирующее, так и усиливающее действие, вызванные, вероятно, как изменением концентрации электронов в плазме, приводящим к линейному изменению равновесия между атомами и ионами, так и к снижению температуры плазмы. Увеличение подводимой к плазме мощности на спектрометре «Гранд-СВЧ» приводит к снижению влияния легкоионизируемых элементов на интенсивность спектральных линий элементов. Показано, что плазма в спектрометре «Гранд-СВЧ» обладает лучшей устойчивостью к матричным влияниям по сравнению Agilent MP-AES 4100, что связано с большим объемом плазмы и большей подводимой мощностью.Ключевые слова. Атомно-эмиссионная спектрометрия, микроволновая плазма, магнетрон, матричные эффекты, аналитическая химияDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2021.25.4.00

Comparison of matrix effects on atomic emission spectrometers with nitrogen microwave induced plasma

Создание и внедрение в практику аналитических лаборатории новых источников возбуждения спектров излучения атомов пробы и спектрометров на их основе ставит множество вопросов перед исследователями о полученных аналитических характеристиках нового оборудования и методик анализа. К наиболее важным характеристикам любого метода относят пределы обнаружения, правильность и воспроизводимость получаемых результатов. Существенное влияние на эти параметры могут оказывать матричные элементы. В работе проведено сравнение изменения интенсивностей аналитических линий элементов-примесей в присутствии матричных элементов с потенциалами ионизации 5.13 - 10.48 эВ (Na, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, In, Ga, Bi, P) в диапазоне концентраций 0 - 1 % мас. на коммерчески доступных атомно-эмиссионных спектрометрах с микроволновой плазмой «Гранд-СВЧ» («ВМК-Оптоэлектроника») и Agilent MP-AES 4100 (Agilent Technologies). Показано, что величина матричного эффекта в этих источниках возбуждения зависит от потенциала ионизации матричного элемента и суммарной энергии линии аналита. Установлено влияние матричных элементов (Na, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, In, Ga, Bi, P) с концентрацией до 1 % мас. на интенсивность спектральных линий атомов и ионов пробы. Элементы со средней и высокой энергией ионизации практически не влияют на интенсивность атомарных спектральных линий элементов-примесей и приводят к снижению интенсивности ионных линий. Влияние легкоионизируемых элементов более выражено: наблюдаются как депрессирующее, так и усиливающее действие, вызванные, вероятно, как изменением концентрации электронов в плазме, приводящим к линейному изменению равновесия между атомами и ионами, так и к снижению температуры плазмы. Увеличение подводимой к плазме мощности на спектрометре «Гранд-СВЧ» приводит к снижению влияния легкоионизируемых элементов на интенсивность спектральных линий элементов. Показано, что плазма в спектрометре «Гранд-СВЧ» обладает лучшей устойчивостью к матричным влияниям по сравнению Agilent MP-AES 4100, что связано с большим объемом плазмы и большей подводимой мощностью.The creation and implementation of new sources of sample excitation and spectrometers based on them into the practice of analytical laboratories raises many questions for researchers about the obtained analytical characteristics of new equipment and analysis methods. The most important characteristics of any method include detection limits, accuracy and reproducibility of the results obtained. Matrix elements can have a significant effect on these parameters. The paper shows a comparison of the change in the intensities of analytical lines of elements in the presence of matrix elements with ionization potentials of 5.13 - 10.48 eV (Na, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, In, Ga, Bi) in the concentration range of 0 - 1 wt %. on commercially available atomic emission spectrometers with microwave plasma Grand-MP ("VMK-Optoelektronika") and Agilent MP-AES 4100 (Agilent Technologies). It is shown that the magnitude of the matrix effect in these excitation sources depends on the ionization potential of the matrix element and the total energy of the analyte line. A significant effect of matrix elements with a concentration of up to 1% wt. on the intensity of spectral lines of atoms and ions of the sample. Elements with medium and high ionization energies practically do not affect the intensity of atomic spectral lines of impurity elements and lead to a decrease in the intensity of ionic lines. The influence of easily ionized elements is more pronounced - both depressing and amplifying effects are observed, probably caused by both a change in the concentration of electrons in the plasma, leading to a linear change in the equilibrium between atoms and ions, and a decrease in the plasma temperature. An increase in the power supplied to the plasma on the Grand-MP spectrometer leads to a decrease in the effect of easily ionized elements on the intensity of the spectral lines of the elements. It is shown that the plasma in the Grand-MP spectrometer has better resistance to matrix influences as compared to the Agilent MP-AES 4100, which is associated with a large plasma volume and a higher input power

Economic and mathematical modeling of regional industrial processes

The paper presents a method for the parallel optimization of the structure of sown areas for calculating economic and mathematical models for the traditional and organic-oriented land use systems characterized by the introduction of an additional set of environmental criteria constraints. Based on the proposed methodology, an economic-mathematical model has been calculated and the effectiveness of the functioning of the Altai Foothills zonal agroecocluster has been proved. Considering the full involvement in the agricultural production turnover of land suitable to produce organic products, the level of profitability was 39.7% against 17.3% in case of optimizing the structure of the sown areas in the traditional system of agricultural production.peer-reviewe

Singularities, Lax degeneracies and Maslov indices of the periodic Toda chain

The n-particle periodic Toda chain is a well known example of an integrable but nonseparable Hamiltonian system in R^{2n}. We show that Sigma_k, the k-fold singularities of the Toda chain, ie points where there exist k independent linear relations amongst the gradients of the integrals of motion, coincide with points where there are k (doubly) degenerate eigenvalues of representatives L and Lbar of the two inequivalent classes of Lax matrices (corresponding to degenerate periodic or antiperiodic solutions of the associated second-order difference equation). The singularities are shown to be nondegenerate, so that Sigma_k is a codimension-2k symplectic submanifold. Sigma_k is shown to be of elliptic type, and the frequencies of transverse oscillations under Hamiltonians which fix Sigma_k are computed in terms of spectral data of the Lax matrices. If mu(C) is the (even) Maslov index of a closed curve C in the regular component of R^{2n}, then (-1)^{\mu(C)/2} is given by the product of the holonomies (equal to +/- 1) of the even- (or odd-) indexed eigenvector bundles of L and Lmat.Comment: 25 pages; published versio

TEACHER TRAINING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN MEDICAL SCHOOLS

The article highlights the experience of implementing inclusive education practices in higher medical schools: issues and methodological organization of psychological and pedagogical support of students with disabilities and disability faced by teachers embarking on their learning process.В статье освещается опыт внедрения модели инклюзивного образования в практику высшей медицинской школы: вопросам методической организации и психолого-педагогического сопровождения студентов с ОВЗ и инвалидностью, с которыми сталкиваются преподаватели, приступающие к процессу их обучения