693 research outputs found
Models of G time variations in diverse dimensions
A review of different cosmological models in diverse dimensions leading to a
relatively small time variation of the effective gravitational constant G is
presented. Among them: 4-dimensional general scalar-tensor model,
multidimensional vacuum model with two curved Einstein spaces, multidimensional
model with multicomponent anisotropic "perfect fluid", S-brane model with
scalar fields and two form field etc. It is shown that there exist different
possible ways of explanation of relatively small time variation of the
effective gravitational constant G compatible with present cosmological data
(e.g. acceleration): 4-dimensional scalar-tensor theories or multidimensional
cosmological models with different matter sources. The experimental bounds on
G-dot may be satisfied ether in some restricted interval or for all allowed
values of the synchronous time variable.Comment: 27 pages, Late
Language of administration as a border: Wild food plants used by setos and russians in pechorsky district of pskov oblast, NW Russia
Socio-economic changes impact local ethnobotanical knowledge as much as the ecological ones. During an ethnobotanical field study in 2018β2019, we interviewed 25 Setos and 38 Russians in the Pechorsky District of Pskov Oblast to document changes in wild plant use within the last 70 years according to the current and remembered practices. Of the 71 botanical taxa reported, the most popular were Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Vaccinium myrtillus, Betula spp., and Rumex acetosa. The obtained data was compared with that of 37 Setos and 35 Estonians interviewed at the same time on the other side of the border. Our data revealed a substantial level of homogeneity within the plants used by three or more people with 30 of 56 plants overlapping across all four groups. However, Seto groups are ethnobotanically closer to the dominant ethnic groups immediately surrounding them than they are to Setos across the border. Further study of minor ethnic groups in a post-Soviet context is needed, paying attention to knowledge transmission patterns
Ordering of small particles in one-dimensional coherent structures by time-periodic flows
Small particles transported by a fluid medium do not necessarily have to
follow the flow. We show that for a wide class of time-periodic incompressible
flows inertial particles have a tendency to spontaneously align in
one-dimensional dynamic coherent structures. This effect may take place for
particles so small that often they would be expected to behave as passive
tracers and be used in PIV measurement technique. We link the particle tendency
to form one-dimensional structures to the nonlinear phenomenon of phase
locking. We propose that this general mechanism is, in particular, responsible
for the enigmatic formation of the `particle accumulation structures'
discovered experimentally in thermocapillary flows more than a decade ago and
unexplained until now
Lidar investigations of M-zone
The creation of pulse dye lasers tuned to resonant line of meteor produced admixtures of atmospheric constituents has made it possible to begin lidar investigations of the vertical distribution of mesospheric sodium concentration and its dynamics in the upper atmosphere. The observed morning increase of sodium concentration in the vertical column is probably caused by diurnal variations of sporadic meteors. The study of the dynamics of the sodium column concentration in the period of meteor streams activity confirms the suggestion of cosmic origin of these atoms. The short lived increase of sodium concentration brought about by a meteor stream, however, exceeds by one order the level of the sporadic background
Rapid identification of Corynebacterium diphtheriae clonal group associated with diphtheria epidemic, Russian Federation.
We used 199 Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated from 1995 to 1997 in Russia to evaluate the ability of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to identify the unique clonal group that emerged there in 1990. Our data show that RAPD can reliably, reproducibly, and rapidly screen a large number of strains to identify the epidemic clonal group
T-duality in supersymmetric theory of disordered quantum systems
A new super-symmetric representation for quantum disordered systems is
derived. This representation is exact and is dual to that of the nonlinear
sigma-model. The new formalism is tested by calculating the distribution of
wave function amplitudes in the 1d Anderson model. The deviation from the
distribution found for a thick wire is detected near the band center E=0.Comment: 4 page
Construction of models of factors efektyvniosti dedusters new design
Π ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ² Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ. ΠΠΊΡΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ² Π·Π° Π²Π°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡ
Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ» Π½Π° Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ (Π²Π½ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½Ρ) ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ² Π΄ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠ±βΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ, Π½Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠ°Π΄ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²βΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π²βΡΠ·ΠΊΡΠ² ΠΌΡΠΆ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Ρ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π° Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ. Π£ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ² Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, Π° Π½Π° ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ² Π½Π° Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ.The model of hierarchy of factors of efficiency of work of dust colection of new construction is developed. Except for arrangement of factors after importance of their influence this model does possible the subsequent dividing by dependent (internal) components for the exposure of degree of weakening or strengthening of action cause his facto. A result of taking of the chosen
factors to the proper hierarchical level is objective so, as far as his authenticity is provided the use of the known principles of theory of analysis of the systems, design theory, methodology of research and decision of problems. Appearance of concrete obstacle at certain level substantially depends on the set connections between them. Priority of action of factor on efficiency of work of dust collection of new construction is a size relative and can be changed depending on the expert estimation of measure of influence of factor on the probed process.The probabilistic model of hierarchy of factors of efficiency of work of the developed vehicle is synthesized in the total, and on its foundation in the first approaching the model of priority influence of certain factors is developed on efficiency of work of dust collection of new construction.Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π° Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅
(Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅) ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ, Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Π° Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ.Π ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, Π° Π½Π° Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ
A Jupiter-mass planet around the K0 giant HD 208897
For over 10 years, we have carried out a precise radial velocity (RV) survey
to find substellar companions around evolved G,K-type stars to extend our
knowledge of planet formation and evolution. We performed high precision RV
measurements for the giant star HD 208897 using an iodine (I2) absorption cell.
The measurements were made at T\"UB\.ITAK National Observatory (TUG, RTT150)
and Okayama Astrophysical Observatory (OAO). For the origin of the periodic
variation seen in the RV data of the star, we adopted a Keplerian motion caused
by an unseen companion. We found that the star hosts a planet with a minimum
mass of m2sini=1.40MJ, which is relatively low compared to those of known
planets orbiting evolved intermediate-mass stars. The planet is in a nearly
circular orbit with a period of P=353 days at about 1 AU distance from the host
star. The star is metal rich and located at the early phase of ascent along the
red giant branch. The photometric observations of the star at Ankara University
Kreiken Observatory (AUKR) and the HIPPARCOS photometry show no sign of
variation with periods associated with the RV variation. Neither bisector
velocity analysis nor analysis of the Ca II and Halpha lines shows any
correlation with the RV measurements
ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠ΅Π°Π½Π°
ΠΠΈΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ β ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅Π»Π°Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ², Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ² β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΎΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅Π»Π°Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ β ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ Β«Π‘Π°Π»ΡΠΏΠ°-ΠΒ» Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ 79-ΠΉ Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΠΠ‘ Β«ΠΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΊ ΠΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π² ΠΠ΅Π»Π΄ΡΡΒ». Π‘ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΌΠ΅ (ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ) Π±Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Β«Π‘Π°Π»ΡΠΏΠ°-ΠΒ» Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π² Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ [ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ (0β200 ΠΌ) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ (0β100 ΠΌ) ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ] Π² Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΄Π½Π°. ΠΠ»Π°Π½ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΠ΅Π»Π°Π³ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈ, Π²ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π±Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
(ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°, Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΈ Ρ. Π΄.). Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠ° 18 Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡ
Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΠΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΄Π°. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π°. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
ΠΎΡ 8,4βΓβ10β12 Π΄ΠΎ 104,42βΓβ10β12 ΠΡΒ·ΡΠΌβ2Β·Π»β1. ΠΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ (Π΄ΠΎ 104βΓβ10β12 ΠΡΒ·ΡΠΌβ2Β·Π»β1) ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π΅ 45 ΠΌ Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠΏ Salpa thompsoni Foxton, 1961 Π²Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°, Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 6β7 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ²
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