Zlatarski sir - autohtona tehnologija i senzorne karakteristike

Zlatar cheese is one of the most famous autochthonous dairy products in Serbia. It is produced in the area of mountain Zlatar by autochthonous technology. One of the main characteristics of autochthonous Zlatar cheese is that it is produced from full fat cow milk. According to MFFB content all samples of Zlatar cheese belong to soft cheeses group, and by FTS content they belong to a group of full fat cheeses. Sensory analysis of cheeses involved evaluation of appearance, color, cross section, flavor, aroma and consistency. By this analysis cheeses were ranked in five categories: excellent, very good, good, positive and negative. Total number of examined samples was 149.Zlatarski sir je jedan od najpoznatijih autohtonih mlečnih proizvoda u Srbiji. Proizvodi se od punomasnog kravljeg mleka po autohtonoj tehnologiji u podnožju Zlatara, u okolini Nove Varoši. Po sadržaju VBMS sirevi pripadaju grupi mekih sireva, a po sadržaju MuSM svi ispitani uzorci zlatarskog sira svrstani su u grupu punomasnih sireva. Senzornom analizom kojom je ocenjen opšti izgled, boja, presek, ukus, miris i konzistencija, uzorci sira svrstani su u pet kategorija: odličan, vrlo dobar, dobar, zadovoljava i ne zadovoljava. Ukupno je ocenjeno 149 uzoraka zlatarskog sira

Optimizacija i standardizacija autohtone tehnologije pirotskog kačkavalja sa zaštitom oznake porekla

Based on results of performed investigations and analysis of existing conditions relating to technological process in production of kachkaval, we propose the following: To determine the causes of disturbed secretion in case of cows and sheep, investigate the mechanism of proteolytic activity and explain the origin (endogenous or exogenous); Goat milk should be delivered to dairies separately; control of temperature and relative humidity in departments for maturing and drying of cheese; introduction of whey and water separation; in that case, butter can be produced from separated cream. In order to successfully realize project it is also necessary to investigate location of the dairy in Dojkinci in relation to raw material status in different seasons of the year, and take certain measures for improvement of hygienic condition of milk throughout entire technological process: milking, delivering to dairies, storage, transport, etc.; obligatory introduction of basic routine milk analysis when delivered to dairies (volume, acidity, etc.); Introduction of technological log - diary for certain phases of production of kachkaval is also necessary. Finally, subsequent to standardization of entire technological process activities related to obtaining of brand name for such product with determined geographical origin are of great importance.Stara planina spada u red najpoznatijih stočarskih regiona Srbije. Tokom istorije ovom planinom su prolazila nebrojena stada ovaca i gajilo se mnogo goveda. Zahvaljujući toj činjenici, koja je rezultat izvanrednih prirodnih uslova za bavljenje stočarstvom, javili su se i postali poznati širom sveta proizvodi kao: pirotski kačkavalj, pirotsko jagnje i pirotski ćilim. Posle vekovima uspešnog stočarstva Stare planine, poslednih decenija XX veka krenuo je ne zadrživ proces stagnacije, što je praćeno ne samo smanjenjem proizvodnje i redukcijom broja seoskog stanovništa već i odumiranjem pojedinih sela. Da paradoks bude veći tražnja za proizvodima sa ovog područja pre svega kačkavalja ne prestaje i biva sve veća. Promene u pogledu privrednog razvoja naše zemlje koje su u toku osvetlile su zaboravljenu Staru planinu i pirotski kačkavalj, jer se shvatilo da Srbija može ponuditi svetskom tržištu baš te, već poznate specijalitete sa prirodno ne zagađenih područja. Da bi se to i desilo bilo je neophodno započeti projekat koji će na naučnim osnovama omogućiti sagledavanje potencijala i pokazati pravi put za aktiviranje resursa. Ovim projektom se planiraju sledeće najvažnije aktivnosti: -Utvrđivanje mogućnosti proizvodnje stočne hrane i način ishrane ovaca i goveda i predlog mera za njihovo poboljšanje. -Ispitivanje proizvodnog potencijala populacija ovaca i goveda i predlog mera za unapređenje proizvodnje mleka. -Snimanje tradicionalne tehnologije proizvodnje kačkavalja i standardizacija svih procesa od prijema mleka do zrenja sira. -Na osnovu standardizacije proizvodnje kačkavalja i ispitivanja svih važnih osobina dobiće se robna marka i prepoznatljive karakteristike novog proizvoda koji će biti uveden u sistem za dobijanje oznake geografskog porekla

New records and noteworthy data of plants, algae and fungi in SE Europe and adjacent regions, 12

This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: red algae Hildenbrandia rivularis, saprotrophic fungus Cryptomarasmius corbariensis, lichenised fungi Lecanora stenotropa, Micarea misella and Sticta sylvatica, liverworts Fossombronia caespitiformis and Peltolepis quadrata, mosses Dicranoweisia cirrata and Fissidens exilis, horsetail Equisetum × moorei, gymnosperm Juniperus virginiana, monocots Galanthus reginae-olgae subsp. vernalis and Spiranthes spiralis and dicots Linaria pelisseriana, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Pilosella rhodopea and Taraxacum erythrospermum are given within SE Europe and adjacent regions

Ultramafic vegetation and soils in the circumboreal region of the Northern Hemisphere

The paper summarizes literature on climate, soil chemistry, vegetation and metal accumulation by plants found on ultramafic substrata in the circumboreal zone (sensu Takhtajan, Floristic regions of the world, 1986) of the Northern Hemisphere. We present a list of 50 endemic species and 18 ecotypes obligate to ultramafic soils from the circumboreal region of Holarctic, as well as 30 and 2 species of Ni and Zn hyperaccumulators, respectively. The number of both endemics and hyperaccumulators are markedly lower compared to that of the Mediterranean and tropical regions. The diversity of plant communities on ultramafics soils of the circumboral region is also described. The underlying causes for the differences of ultramafic flora between arctic, cold, cool temperate and Mediterranean and tropical regions are also discussed. © 2018, The Ecological Society of Japan

Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on the flora of Serbia and the Balkan Peninsula, I: Caryophyllaceae

The nomenclatural analysis included 12 autochthonous and mostly endemic species from the genera Atocion Adans., Cerastium L., Heliosperma (Rchb.) Rchb., and Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae). In conformity with ICBN, 12 new infra­specific taxa are described with locus classicus on the territory of Serbia. Also presented are 24 new nomenclatural combi­nations, including several for endemic taxa not present in Serbia. The nomenclature of certain taxa is supplemented by a short taxonomic-chorological review. Results of these studies will be incorporated in the next volume of "Flora of Serbia"

Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from flower and leaf of laserpitium zernyi hayek

The hydrodistilled essential oils of the flowers and leaves of Laserpitium zernyi Hayek were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. Fifty-five compounds were identified in the flower oil (96.8% of total oil) and 58 in the leaf oil (89.4% of total oil). Both oils were characterised by the high amount of monoterpenes (59.1–75.6%), whereas sesquiterpenes were present in smaller quantity (21.2–29.2%). The main compounds in the flower oil were sabinene (18.5%), limonene (12.0%), P-phellandrene (12.0%) and terpinen-4-ol (10.6%), while in the leaf oil the most dominant were P-pinene (20.0%) and terpinen-4-ol (12.0%). The antimicrobial activity of the oils was determined using the agar diffusion and broth microdilution method against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, St. epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and a yeast Candida albicans. The best inhibitory effect (MIC 0.6 mg/mL) was exhibited by the flower oil against St. epidermidis, K. pneumoniae and C. albicans, the leaf oil against M. luteus, and both oils against E. coli. © 2009, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved

Essential oil from the underground parts of Laserpitium zernyi: Potential source of α-bisabolol and its antimicrobial activity

The composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from the underground parts (roots and rhizomes) of Laserpitium zernyi Hayek (Apiaceae) were investigated. The pale blue essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Forty-three compounds were identified (94.3% of total oil). The main constituent, beside α-pinene (31.6%) was α-bisabolol (30.9%), so this oil may be a novel potential natural source of this sesquiterpene alcohol. The antimicrobial activity was tested using the microdilution method against Gram (+) bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Enterococcus faecalis), Gram (-) bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli), and two strains of yeast (Candida albicans). L. zernyi oil showed significant antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis, S. aureus and M. luteus, but lower activities against the other tested strains

Diploid Chromosome Numbers in Hieracium and Pilosella (Asteraceae) from Macedonia and Montenegro

The authors report the first discovery of diploid populations of Hieracium naegelianum Panč. subsp. naegelianum and H. naegelianum subsp. ljubotenicum Behr & Zahn., and give the first chromosome counts for H. cernuum Friv., H. gymnocephalum Griseb. ex Pant., H. sparsum Friv., Pilosella pavichii (Heuff.) Holub and P. serbica (F. W. Schultz & Schultz-Bip.) Szeląg from Macedonia and/or Montenegro. A diploid chromosome count for Hieracium renatae Szeląg is confirmed based on material from the whole distribution range of the species. An emasculation experiment showed that all the analyzed diploid Hieracium taxa reproduce sexually

Antinociceptive and anti-edematous activities of the essential oils of two Balkan endemic Laserpitium species

In this paper antinociceptive and anti-edematous effects are examined of the essential oils of the underground parts of two Balkan endemic Laserpitium species (Apiaceae), L. zernyi and L. ochridanum . Furthermore, the essential oil of the underground parts of L. ochridanum is chemically characterised by GC and GC-MS. Antinociceptive and anti-edematous effects were measured in a rat model of localized inflammation, induced by carrageenan, using apparatus for the modified paw-pressure test, and plethysmometer, respectively. The effects of both Laserpitium essential oils were measured after oral gavage administration to male Wistar rats in doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg. The main constituents of L. ochridanum essential oil were: α-pinene (33.2%), α-bisabolol (10.3%) and chamazulene (14.9%). The essential oil of L. zernyi was previously shown to be rich in α-pinene (31.6%) and α-bisabolol (30.9%). Both examined essential oils produced a significant dose-dependent antinociceptive effect. The corresponding ED50 ±SEM in producing antinociception were 45.9±4.9 mg/kg and 42.4±2.1 mg/kg for L. zernyi and L. ochridanum oil, respectively. Both essential oils also significantly reduced paw edema in a dose-dependent manner. The estimated ED50±SEM values for the anti-edematous effect were 36.3±4.5 mg/kg for L. zernyi oil and 45.1±11.3 mg/kg for L. ochridanum oil. These results suggest that the essential oils of both investigated Laserpitium species may be effective against pain and edema present in various inflammatory conditions