Bewertung der entwicklung des aussenhandelsumsatzes der Ukraine mit der eu in den jahren 2010-2020

Die Zusammenarbeit mit EU-Ländern wird zusätzliche Einnahmen, Erhöhung des Verbrauchs von Gütern, die die Ukraine nicht produzieren kann, sowie knappe Ressourcen, Innovationen, neue Technologien und Erfahrungen anziehen

Nonstandard analysis in electrical engineering. The analysis of the direct current circles with ideal reactive elements

The article proposes the use of ideas and methods of non-standard analysis in the field of theoretical electronics. The article shows that the analysis of DC circuits, including ideal inductances and capacitances, by standard methods of theoretical electrical engineering is too complicated or almost impossible. To solve this problem, it is proposed to extend the methods of non-standard analysis by the tasks of analyzing electrical circuits with ideal reactive elements. The authors have defined a class of non-standard electrotechnical problems aimed at the analysis of DC electrical circuits, including ideal reactive elements — ideal inductances and capacitances. It is shown that the solution of the selected class of problems by standard methods of theoretical electrical engineering is too difficult or almost impossible. It is proposed to extend the methods of non-standard analysis by the tasks of analyzing electrical circuits with ideal reactive elements. The obtained advantages of this approach are confirmed by examples of calculations of electrical circuits with inductances and capacitances, as well as magnetic circuits

Графова модель системи Fog Computing

The development and effective application of Fog Computing technologies require the most complex tasks related to the management and processing of huge data sets, including the tasks of rational construction of low-level networks that ensure the functioning of end devices within the IoT concept. The article describes the use of graph theory methods to solve such problems. The proposed graph model can provide the ability to determine the basic properties of systems, networks, and network devices within the concept of Fog Computing, the optimal characteristics, and ways to maintain them in working condition. This paper shows how to plot graphs, and then customize the display to add labels or highlighting to the graph nodes and edges of pseudo-random task graphs which can be used for evaluating Mobile Cloud, Fog and Edge computing systems. The graphs are described and visualized in Matlab code. Each task has an amount of computational work to perform, expressed in Megacycles per second. Each edge has an amount of data to transfer between tasks, expressed in kilobits or kilobytes of data. The set can be used by researchers to evaluate cloud/fog/edge computing systems and computational offloading algorithms. The task graphs can be used in single-user systems, where one mobile device accesses a remote server, or in multi user systems, where many users access a remote server through a wireless channel.Розробка та ефективне застосування технологій Fog Computing вимагає виконання найскладніших завдань, пов’язаних з управлінням та обробкою величезних масивів даних, у тому числі задачі раціональної побудови низькорівневих мереж, що забезпечують функціонування edge пристроїв у рамках концепції IoT. У статті описано використання методів теорії графів для вирішення таких задач. Запропонована графова модель може забезпечити можливість визначення основних властивостей систем, мереж та мережевих пристроїв у рамках концепції Fog Computing, оптимальних характеристик та способів підтримання їх у робочому стані

Non-standard analysis in electrical engineering. Transient analysis in second-order electrical circuits with violation of switching laws

For the first time, the authors proposed the use of the mathematical apparatus of non-standard analysis to solve certain non-trivial problems of theoretical electrical engineering. It was established that the axiomatics of non-standard analysis allows to simplify the analysis of transient processes in high-order electric circuits when the switching laws are violated. It is shown that the application of non-standard analysis methods in theoretical electrical engineering provides an opportunity to use the traditional classical method of transient processes analysis of circuits with violation of switching laws. Only by using methods of non-standard analysis, it is possible to strictly prove the fulfillment of the law of energy conservation in such schemes. Also, examples of solving such tasks are given. It is recommended to expand the scope of application of non-standard methods of analysis in problems of various branches of science and technology, which use differential calculus and boundary transitions, and the solution of which is limited or impossible by standard approaches

Development of the fuzzy sets theory: weak operations and extension principles

The paper considers the problems that arise when using the theory of fuzzy sets to solve applied problems. Unlike stochastic methods, which are based on statistical data, fuzzy set theory methods make sense to apply when statistical data are not available. In these cases, algorithms should be based on membership functions formed by experts who are specialists in this field of knowledge. Ideally, complete information about membership functions is required, but this is an impractical procedure. More often than not, even the most experienced expert can determine only their carriers or separate sets of the α -cuts for unknown fuzzy parameters of the system. Building complete membership functions of unknown fuzzy parameters on this basis is risky and unreliable. Therefore, the paper proposes an extension of the fuzzy sets theory axiomatics in order to introduce non-traditional (less demanding on the completeness of data on membership functions) extension principles and operations on fuzzy sets. The so-called α -weak operations on fuzzy sets are proposed, which are based on the use of separate sets of the α -cuts. It is also shown that all classical theorems of Cantor sets theory apply in the extended axiomatic theory. New extension principles of generalization have been introduced, which allow solving problems in conditions of significant uncertainty of information

Development of the fuzzy sets theory: weak operations and extension principles

The paper considers the problems that arise when using the theory of fuzzy sets to solve applied problems. Unlike stochastic methods, which are based on statistical data, fuzzy set theory methods make sense to apply when statistical data are not available. In these cases, algorithms should be based on membership functions formed by experts who are specialists in this field of knowledge. Ideally, complete information about membership functions is required, but this is an impractical procedure. More often than not, even the most experienced expert can determine only their carriers or separate sets of the α-cuts for unknown fuzzy parameters of the system. Building complete membership functions of unknown fuzzy parameters on this basis is risky and unreliable. Therefore, the paper proposes an extension of the fuzzy sets theory axiomatics in order to introduce non-traditional (less demanding on the completeness of data on membership functions) extension principles and operations on fuzzy sets. The so-called α-weak operations on fuzzy sets are proposed, which are based on the use of separate sets of the α-cuts. It is also shown that all classical theorems of Cantor sets theory apply in the extended axiomatic theory. New extension principles of generalization have been introduced, which allow solving problems in conditions of significant uncertainty of information

Вибір онлайн-інструментів для створення математичних тестів

The article considers online tools for creating tests, which should be used when teaching mathematics in both higher education and general secondary education. Among the variety of online means of creating tests by the method of expert evaluation, three were identified, which allow conducting various tests both in the classroom and remotely, which are free and do not require special conditions for their use and which work on smartphones. The advantages and disadvantages of three online tools for creating tests Kahoot!, Quizizz, Classtime are analyzed, and a comparative description of the selected tools is given. Criteria for the selection of such tools were identified – functional-didactic and organizational. The following indicators belong to the functional-didactic: the presence of different types of questions, including open-ended; use of formulas, both in questions and in answers; use of pictures, both in questions and in answers; no restrictions on the length of questions and answers; instant receipt of results by the teacher, their evaluation and analysis; instant receipt of results by the respondent; to the organizational: the availability of a free version; no need to install the program; ease of use – characterizes the convenience and clarity of the interface for creating tests and their use; possibility of testing in online and offline mode; time limits, both for a single question and the whole test; random order of questions/answer options; instant demonstration of the correct answer to the respondent. With the help of expert evaluation, it was found that according to these criteria, Quizizz is the most appropriate for testing.У статті розглядаються онлайн -інструменти для створення тестів, які слід використовувати при викладанні математики як у вищій школі, так і в загальній середній. Серед різноманіття онлайн -засобів створення тестів методом експертного оцінювання було визначено три, які дозволяють проводити різні тести як у класі, так і дистанційно, які є безкоштовними і не вимагають особливих умов їх використання та які працюють на смартфонах. Проаналізовано переваги та недоліки трьох онлайн -інструментів для створення тестів Kahoot !, Quizizz, Classtime та наведено порівняльний опис вибраних інструментів. Визначено критерії відбору таких засобів-функціонально-дидактичний та організаційний. До функціонально-дидактичних належать такі показники: наявність різних типів питань, у тому числі відкритих; використання формул, як у питаннях, так і у відповідях; використання малюнків як у питаннях, так і у відповідях; відсутність обмежень щодо тривалості запитань та відповідей; миттєве отримання результатів вчителем, їх оцінка та аналіз; миттєве отримання результатів респондентом; організаційним: наявність безкоштовної версії; немає необхідності встановлювати програму; простота використання - характеризує зручність і чіткість інтерфейсу для створення тестів та їх використання; можливість тестування в режимі онлайн та офлайн; часові межі, як для окремого питання, так і для всього тесту; випадковий порядок запитань/варіантів відповідей; миттєва демонстрація респонденту правильної відповіді. За допомогою експертної оцінки було встановлено, що за цими критеріями Quizizz є найбільш підходящим для тестування

Noncontact method of temperature measurement based on the phenomenon of the luminophor temperature decreasing

In the paper is suggested new noncontact method of temperature measurement based on the phenomenon of the luminophor temperature decreasing, is developed the construction of the primary measurement transformer, that implements suggested method, and got its transformation equation

The Role of Red Yeast Rice Based Preparations for Non-Pharmacological Correction of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Low and Moderate Cardiovascular Risk (Expert Opinion)

The Russian Federation is among countries with high cardiovascular risk. Hypercholesterolemia is a leading risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. To achieve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets, such approaches as lifestyle changes and pharmacological correction, based on the use of statins, are applied. At the same time, a significant proportion of the population has moderate hypercholesterolemia and is characterized by low or moderate cardiovascular risk. Although first-line recommendations should be followed, a healthy lifestyle alone is not enough to achieve target levels of LDL-C, which means that even people with low to moderate risk may end up with the prospect of lifelong therapy with lipid-lowering drugs. These individuals do not have an indication for lipid-lowering therapy, and they are usually recommended a change in diet and supplementation. Innovative nutritional strategies have been developed to manage dyslipidemia. They were based either on changing some "risky" food components or on encouraging the consumption of "healthy" functional foods and/or nutraceuticals. Nutraceuticals (registered as food supplements in Russia) is an innovative way to help control LDL-C at low and moderate risk individuals without lipid-lowering drugs and as nutritive support for the cholesterol-lowering diet. Red yeast rice (RYR) based preparations have been already developed and available at the moment. RYR based preparations can be considered in patients with low and moderate cardiovascular risk, who have not reached the target level of LDL-C and have no indications for statin therapy or have statin intolerance. RYR based preparations contains a statin-like substance monacolin K in a dose of 3 mg. In randomized clinical trials, it was proved that the use of high-quality RYR nutraceutical leads to a decrease in LDL-C by an average of 20% without increasing the risk of side effects like for statins. Evaluation of dietary supplements and functional foods should necessarily include not only evidence of beneficial effects with respect to effects on the lipid profile and atherosclerosis, but also proven good tolerability. The manufacturing standard for these products is also important, guaranteeing component standardization and quality. RYR analogues should guarantee the absence of mycotoxin in their composition. In Russia, programs are needed for the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases with effects on hypercholesterolemia at the population level

ВЕРИФИКАЦИЯ ФИЗИКО-МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЙ МОДЕЛИ ДЛЯ РАСЧЕТА АЭРОДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ПЛОХООБТЕКАЕМЫХ ТЕЛ, ДВИЖУЩИХСЯ В ВОЗДУХЕ ПРИ БОЛЬШИХ ЧИСЛАХ МАХА

The verification results of the computer simulation model for calculation of aerodynamic characteristics of bluff bodies (cone with different apex angles and a «cone–cylinder» body) moving in air at different Mach number and zero angle of attack are presented. It is shown that numerical simulation results fairly agree with physical experiment data.Представлены результаты верификации численной модели, используемой при моделировании движущихся в воздухе плохообтекаемых тел (конус с различными углами при вершине и составного тела «конус-цилиндр»), для расчета аэродинамических характеристик при различных числах Маха 1.5 < М < 5 и нулевом угле атаки. Показано удовлетворительное согласование результатов численного моделирования и данных физического эксперимента