Evaluation of Post Harvest Quality of some Cultivars of Chrysanthemum

A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of ten chrysanthemum cultivars for better post harvest quality under open field condition at University of Agricultural Sceinces, Bangalore. Flowers were harvested at fully open stage or nearly so. The results showed that the maximum stalk girth (0.32 cm) was recorded in Cv. Cassa and the maximum flower diameter (8.14 cm) was recorded in cv. Ravikiran, Cultivar Cassa recorded the maximum flower weight (3.59 g). Maximum number of ray florets were recorded by cv. Nilima (253.2). The maximum length of ray florets were recorded in cv. Ravikiran (3.96 cm). Maximum fresh weight, final weight and water loss (88.33, 40.63 and 47.67g respectively) from the spray type flowers were recorded in cv. Arka Swarna. Longer vase life of 16 days was also recorded in cv. Arka Swarna. Based on the performance studies it was observed that Arka Swarna, Ravikiran, Red gold, Nilima and Arka Ravi performed better post harvest quality and may be selected for cut flower production

Studies on Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Chrysanthemum

Studies on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance were carried out among ten genotypes of chrysanthemum for characters to identify elite genotypes to be used in breeding programme. The results showed high phenotypic and genotypic co-efficient of variation for traits like number of suckers per plant (GCV=90.13; PCV=95.67) and flower disc diameter (GCV=63.19; PCV=66.76). High heritability values were obtained for all the characterister except number of sprays per plant and plant spread. In high heritability estimate coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for number of suckers per plant (174.91), flower disc diameter (123.23) and number of flowers per plant (114.81). It was observed that heritable variability in the breeding materials characters like number of suckers per plant, flower disc diameter, number of flowers per plant, flower weight, yield per plant and number of ray florets could be exploited for improvement through crop breeding programme

Multiple Antibiotic Resistance pattern of Vibrio harveyi from Luminous Vibriosis affected cultured Tiger Shrimp, Penaeus monodon in Andhra Pradesh, India

An investigation was undertaken to determine the extent of antibiotic resistance exhibited by Vibrio harveyi, isolated from diseased Penaeus monodon, collected from culture ponds located in East Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh. A total of 159 isolates of Vibrio harveyi, of which 110 are from four Modified-Extensive ponds (ME1, ME2, ME3, ME4) and 49 are from four Semi-Intensive ponds (SIA, SIB, SIC, SID), were screened for their susceptibility to 22 antibiotics. All the isolates from ME and SI ponds were resistant to penicillin G and 100% susceptibility was observed in the case of all the isolates of ME ponds towards Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin. The isolates from ME ponds were more resistant than those from SI ponds and the isolates of ME 1 pond exhibited 100% resistance towards eight antibiotics, whereas those of SI ponds were 100% resistant to only one antibiotic. A significant difference was observed in the Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) of the isolates from ME ponds, whereas the difference was not significant in the case of isolates from SI ponds. MAR against 4 - 10 antibiotics was highest in the isolates from pond ME 4 (90.5%), followed by those from ME 3 (76.7%) and ME 2 (11.4%) and it was highest with 40 % in the isolates from SI D pond. The study revealed the occurrence of highly virulent strains of Vibrio harveyi in shrimp culture ponds, which developed resistance to many antibiotics due to indiscriminate usage of antibiotics

Molecular characterization and cultivar identification in Bougainvillea spp. using SSR markers

The present study was undertaken to determine the genetic relatedness and molecular characterization of fifty bougainvillea cultivars that belong to four major species of bougainvillea namely B. glabra, B. spectabilis, B.peruviana and Bougainvillea × buttiana. Five microsatellite (simple sequence repeat; SSR) markers with high PIC values were used to characterize these bougainvillea cultivars. A total of 28 alleles were detected at an average number of alleles of 5.6 alleles /locus. The PIC values varied widely among primers and ranged from 0.364 to 0.891 with an average of 0.716 per locus and the size of the amplified products ranged from 90bp to 250bp. Primer BOUG-1 showed the highest polymorphism index content (0.891) thus reflecting it’s ability to differentiate these cultivars much better at molecular level. A total of 18 rare alleles were identified among which the cultivar (Blondie) had maximum number of rare alleles (3). An unweighted pair group method cluster analysis (UPGMA) based on similarity values revealed five main clusters with Cluster I being the largest one encompassing 18 cultivars while cluster IV and V emerged as the smallest ones comprising 3 cultivars each. The pair wise estimates of genetic distance ranged from 0 (Cherry Blossom to Mary Palmer Special) to 1.0 (Blondie to Shubhra, Partha, Lady Hope, Gloriosus, Red September, Zakiriana, Lady Richards and Spledens). The present investigation is first of its kind in using microsatellite markers for phylogenetic analysis and molecular characterization in bougainvillea cultivars. The study proved the efficiency of SSR markers in documentation, identification and tracing out the molecular origin among unknown cultivars of bougainvillea

Influence of different carbon sources on in vitro induction of anthocyanin pigments in callus cultures of petunia (Petunia hybrida)

Anthocyanins are naturally occurring compounds that impart color to fruits, flowers, vegetables, and plants. They are probably the most important group of visible plant pigments besides chlorophyll pigments. Apart from imparting color to plants, anthocyanins also have an array of health-promoting benefits, as they can protect against a variety of free radicals through a various number of mechanisms. Development of an efficient tissue culture system for commercial production of anthocyanins requires an integrated approach through manipulation of various media constituents. The effect of varied concentrations of different carbon sources on anthocyanin production in callus cultures of Petunia hybrida cv Bravo Blue was studied. Explants from young leaves were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with MS + IBA (19.6 µM) + Kin. (4.65 µM) + AdS (81.45 mM), 3% sucrose and 0.7% agar. Among the various carbon sources tested, incorporation of Glucose at 5% was found to have earliest pigment induction with maximum response coefficient with highest pigment content (1.36 ± 0.012 CV/g FCW). Highest gain in fresh cell weight was noticed with the addition of sucrose 5% (3.96 ± 0.06 g). When MS medium was supplemented with different concentrations of Galactose, the explants failed to respond

High-level characteristics of or-and independent and-parallelism in prolog

Although studies of a number of parallel implementations of logic programming languages are now available, their results are difficult to interpret due to the multiplicity of factors involved, the effect of each of which is difficult to sepárate. In this paper we present the results of a high-level simulation study of or- and independent and-parallelism with a wide selection of Prolog programs that aims to determine the intrinsic amount of parallelism, independently of implementation factors, thus facilitating this separation. We expect this study will be instrumental in better understanding and comparing results from actual implementations, as shown by some examples provided in the paper. In addition, the paper examines some of the issues and tradeoffs associated with the combination of and- and or-parallelism and proposes reasonable solutions based on the simulation data obtained

Evasion of IFN-γ Signaling by Francisella novicida Is Dependent upon Francisella Outer Membrane Protein C

Francisella tularensis is a Gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium and the causative agent of the lethal disease tularemia. An outer membrane protein (FTT0918) of F. tularensis subsp. tularensis has been identified as a virulence factor. We generated a F. novicida (F. tularensis subsp. novicida) FTN_0444 (homolog of FTT0918) fopC mutant to study the virulence-associated mechanism(s) of FTT0918.The ΔfopC strain phenotype was characterized using immunological and biochemical assays. Attenuated virulence via the pulmonary route in wildtype C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, as well as in knockout (KO) mice, including MHC I, MHC II, and µmT (B cell deficient), but not in IFN-γ or IFN-γR KO mice was observed. Primary bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) prepared from C57BL/6 mice treated with rIFN-γ exhibited greater inhibition of intracellular ΔfopC than wildtype U112 strain replication; whereas, IFN-γR KO macrophages showed no IFN-γ-dependent inhibition of ΔfopC replication. Moreover, phosphorylation of STAT1 was downregulated by the wildtype strain, but not the fopC mutant, in rIFN-γ treated macrophages. Addition of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, an NOS inhibitor, led to an increase of ΔfopC replication to that seen in the BMDM unstimulated with rIFN-γ. Enzymatic screening of ΔfopC revealed aberrant acid phosphatase activity and localization. Furthermore, a greater abundance of different proteins in the culture supernatants of ΔfopC than that in the wildtype U112 strain was observed.F. novicida FopC protein facilitates evasion of IFN-γ-mediated immune defense(s) by down-regulation of STAT1 phosphorylation and nitric oxide production, thereby promoting virulence. Additionally, the FopC protein also may play a role in maintaining outer membrane stability (integrity) facilitating the activity and localization of acid phosphatases and other F. novicida cell components

Incident type 2 diabetes attributable to suboptimal diet in 184 countries

The global burden of diet-attributable type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. This risk assessment model estimated T2D incidence among adults attributable to direct and body weight-mediated effects of 11 dietary factors in 184 countries in 1990 and 2018. In 2018, suboptimal intake of these dietary factors was estimated to be attributable to 14.1 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI), 13.814.4 million) incident T2D cases, representing 70.3% (68.871.8%) of new cases globally. Largest T2D burdens were attributable to insufficient whole-grain intake (26.1% (25.027.1%)), excess refined rice and wheat intake (24.6% (22.327.2%)) and excess processed meat intake (20.3% (18.323.5%)). Across regions, highest proportional burdens were in central and eastern Europe and central Asia (85.6% (83.487.7%)) and Latin America and the Caribbean (81.8% (80.183.4%)); and lowest proportional burdens were in South Asia (55.4% (52.160.7%)). Proportions of diet-attributable T2D were generally larger in men than in women and were inversely correlated with age. Diet-attributable T2D was generally larger among urban versus rural residents and higher versus lower educated individuals, except in high-income countries, central and eastern Europe and central Asia, where burdens were larger in rural residents and in lower educated individuals. Compared with 1990, global diet-attributable T2D increased by 2.6 absolute percentage points (8.6 million more cases) in 2018, with variation in these trends by world region and dietary factor. These findings inform nutritional priorities and clinical and public health planning to improve dietary quality and reduce T2D globally. (c) 2023, The Author(s)

Children's and adolescents' rising animal-source food intakes in 1990-2018 were impacted by age, region, parental education and urbanicity

Animal-source foods (ASF) provide nutrition for children and adolescents physical and cognitive development. Here, we use data from the Global Dietary Database and Bayesian hierarchical models to quantify global, regional and national ASF intakes between 1990 and 2018 by age group across 185 countries, representing 93% of the worlds child population. Mean ASF intake was 1.9 servings per day, representing 16% of children consuming at least three daily servings. Intake was similar between boys and girls, but higher among urban children with educated parents. Consumption varied by age from 0.6 at <1 year to 2.5 servings per day at 1519 years. Between 1990 and 2018, mean ASF intake increased by 0.5 servings per week, with increases in all regions except sub-Saharan Africa. In 2018, total ASF consumption was highest in Russia, Brazil, Mexico and Turkey, and lowest in Uganda, India, Kenya and Bangladesh. These findings can inform policy to address malnutrition through targeted ASF consumption programmes. (c) 2023, The Author(s)

ICAR: endoscopic skull‐base surgery

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