Trends in the development of Civil Law

The issue of exempting self-employed Russians from taxes and mandatory contributions in Russia remained open for a long time. The solution of this issue remained relevant for long due to the fact that in Russia millions of people work independently in different spheres (from minor repairs and construction to car-care auto centers)

Education as a leading factor in the development of society

At present, the universities of Russia have accumulated a vast experience in teaching various disciplines. However, this experience is often not beyond separate educational institutions and departments. And many young teachers are keenly lack the scientific and methodical lessons and the need for accumulation of methodological experience. The purpose of the educational activity consists in both assimilation selected knowledge, experience that mankind has developed, and in improving knowledge, skills and habits. In order to rationalize the methods of educational activity, to find the best ways to solve educational problems, innovative methods of teaching developed. Educational game is one of the methods of active learning and is widely used in the educational process. Nevertheless, the practice of using educational games in teaching at the law faculty is rare at the time when domestic and foreign pedagogy indicate that active learning technologies, including educational games, contribute to the formation of cognitive and professional motives and interests of trainee

Influenza (H5N1) Viruses in Poultry, Russian Federation, 2005–2006

Migrating waterfowl may be the primary source of influenza (H5N1) in western Siberia and the European part of the Russian Federation

The causes of international terrorism

This article will be directly devoted to the causes of terrorism, including cyber-terrorism, as well as the theories of its creation, which just reflect its main causes. Next, the main criteria for the legal definition of the crime of international terrorism and its comparison with simple terrorism will be highlighted. It is important to say that in his dissertation research it is important to speak not only about international terrorism, but also about what terrorism is in general, since a comparative degree is a means of in-depth analysis of the whole topic. It is impossible to understand the general without the particular and the particular without the general. Terrorism is almost similar to international terrorism on the grounds, even the very manifestation of terrorist acts in different countries from well-known terrorist organizations already has an element of international character and it doesn’t matter at all that it is not aimed at buildings of international importance and not enjoying international protection and immunity

Basic approaches and definitions of international cyberterrorism

In today's world, there is a global problem that threatens the tranquility of all humanity whose name is terrorism. Terrorism as a phenomenon, has three characteristics, peculiar attributes, which can be characterized as wrongfulness, surprise, massacre of victims. For an extensive description of such accompanying definitions it is not enough, therefore, for a complete nature it is necessary to uncover concepts to this definition from the point of view of different approaches.It's not a secret for anyone that there is not one precise, fixed definition of the concept of terrorism, each author interprets it in his own way. Terrorism is an unlawful act carried out by a person or group of people with self-serving intentions, which has the nature of danger, surprise and massacre of victims in order to intimidate the population in order to fulfill certain tasks on their part from the authorities

International terrorism and international cyberterrorism

This article deals with the problem of international terrorism. It arises the complexity of determining the composition of the crime. A special feature is that international terrorism is considered to be one of the most complex and most dangerous crimes with an international nature. It includes diverse compositions: piracy, hostage-taking, etc. The concept of "cyberterrorism" and its features are also discussed. It is emphasized that the existing universal and regional international anti-terrorism agreements are not adapted for effective counteraction to all possible modern variants of manifestation of terrorist behavior. Cyberterrorism can be singled out among the most urgent threats that are not covered by international law

The concept and the legal nature of state responsibility for internationally wrongful acts

The end of the Cold War and the bipolar world order caused a lot of controversial questions about the nature of relations between states in the formation of a new international law and order. One of the fundamental tasks facing the international community is the need to increase respect for the rule of law in international as well as domestic life. Solving global problems requires increasing the level of controllability of the international system. Awareness of this task is gradually reflected in political thinking. Its relevance is emphasized in the acts of both international organizations and states. However, based on the realities of the political situation, we have to admit that the practical solution to the problem of increasing the level of control is slower than is required at the present stage. The concept and legal nature of the state’s responsibility for internationally wrongful acts

The impact of information technology on the legal culture

Significantly changes the modern public relations, the rapid development of a variety of telecommunications networks, including the global Internet.Information technology has a significant impact on the social processes, implementing the achievements of information activity not only of society, but also of the state. This leads to social relations acquire an electronic form. In the last time, many countries, including Russia, include their task transition to electronic forms of management, which are necessary in the information society.Creation of the newest developments in the field of information technologies is the most important strategic direction of state policy. The current state of the state and law are in a difficult and unclear interconnection with the processes of modernization in the country, processes wide introduction and use of the latest information technologies. Problems of interrelation of legal culture and information technologies were repeatedly raised in the works of Russian scientists - jurists.Cambios significativos en las relaciones públicas modernas, el rápido desarrollo de una variedad de redes de telecomunicaciones. La tecnología de la información tiene un impacto significativo en los procesos sociales. Esto lleva a las relaciones sociales. En el último tiempo, muchos países, incluida Rusia, incluyen su tarea, la transición a formas electrónicas de gestión, que son necesarias en la sociedad de la información.La creación de los desarrollos más recientes en el campo de las tecnologías de la información es la dirección estratégica más importante de la política estatal. El estado actual de la ley y la ley están en una interconexión difícil y poco clara con los procesos de modernización en el país. Problemas de interrelación de cultura legal y tecnologías de la informació

Place of judicial practice in sources of environmental law of the Russian Federations

Sources of environmental law in a broad sense are generally binding rules of conduct in environmental legal relations, expressed in a special form.  To become universally binding, these "rules" must be presented in a certain, official form, fixed by the state.  For each legal system of modern states, their sources of law are characteristic.  Judicial precedents are the basis of the legal system of the Anglo-Saxon legal family, and therefore they are recognized as the main sources of environmental law in countries such as England, the United States and Canada

Active and interactive methods in the contemporary education

In the educational process a lecturer is always searching for forms of knowledge transfer, allowing students to understand them thoroughly and permanently. Today passive, active and interactive forms of interaction between lecturer and student are recognized. The passive form of knowledge transfer is the most basic one, when a lecturer is the only person managing the educational process. This is form of the classic lectures, when lecturer communicates with the audience without interaction with students on the specific theme. The usage of passive form is possible during practical seminars, when lecturer conducts testing survey of students, conducts individual tests. The passive form is criticized as ineffective. The interactive method of communication between teacher and students is thought to be a kind of active method. But, in recent time, due to the emergence of a variety of interactive methods, interactive method is identified as an independent one.  The interactive training develops analytical and creative abilities of individuals, promotes optimal digestion new information and retaining old. While using interactive methods, all students must be involved in the educational process, bringing their individual contribution. In the end of the seminar students must be given guidance and information for consideration. Each student should realize what he or she has learnt, what skills have formed.En el proceso educativo, un profesor siempre está buscando formas de transferencia de conocimiento, lo que permite a los estudiantes comprenderlas de manera exhaustiva y permanente. Hoy se reconocen las formas pasivas, activas e interactivas de interacción entre el profesor y el alumno. La forma pasiva de transferencia de conocimiento es la más básica, cuando un conferenciante es la única persona que administra el proceso educativo. Esta es la forma de las conferencias clásicas, cuando el conferenciante se comunica con la audiencia sin interacción con los estudiantes sobre el tema específico. El uso de la forma pasiva es posible durante los seminarios prácticos, cuando el profesor realiza la encuesta de prueba de los estudiantes, realiza pruebas individuales. La forma pasiva es criticada como ineficaz. Se cree que el método interactivo de comunicación entre el docente y los alumnos es un tipo de método activo. Pero, en los últimos tiempos, debido a la aparición de una variedad de métodos interactivos, el método interactivo se identifica como uno independiente. La capacitación interactiva desarrolla habilidades analíticas y creativas de laspersonas, promueve la digestión óptima de nueva información y la retención de edad. Al usar métodos interactivos, todos los estudiantes deben participar en el proceso educativo, aportando su contribución individual. Al final del seminario, los estudiantesdeben recibir orientación e información para su consideración. Cada estudiante debe darse cuenta de lo que ha aprendido, qué habilidades se han formad