25 research outputs found
Robustness of spatial Penning trap modes against environment-assisted entanglement
The separability of the spatial modes of a charged particle in a Penning trap
in the presence of an environment is studied by means of the positive partial
transpose (PPT) criterion. Assuming a weak Markovian environment, described by
linear Lindblad operators, our results strongly suggest that the environmental
coupling of the axial and cyclotron degrees of freedom does not lead to
entanglement at experimentally realistic temperatures. We therefore argue that,
apart from unavoidable decoherence, the presence of such an environment does
not alter the effectiveness of recently suggested quantum information protocols
in Penning traps, which are based on the combination of a spatial mode with the
spin of the particle.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figure
Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ° Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡΠ½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ [(9-R1-10-R2-3-R-2-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎ-2H-[1,2,4]-ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎ[2,3-Ρ]Ρ ΡΠ½Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-6-ΡΠ»)ΡΡΠΎ]Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ΄ΡΠ² Π· ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²
Alkylation of potassium 9-R1-10-R2-3-R-2-oxo-2Π-[1,2,4]triazino[2,3 Ρ]quinazolin-6-thiolates by N-cycloalkyl-(cycloalkylaryl-)-2-chloracetamides and interaction of [(9-R1-10-R2-3-R-2-ΠΎxo-2H-[1,2,4]triazino[2,3-Ρ]quinazolin-6-yl) thio]acetiΡ acids imidazolides and chloranhydrides with carcass amines yielded the corresponding amides. The structures of the compounds synthesized have been confirmed by 1H, 13C NMR, LCβMS and EI-MS analysis.The features of 1H, 13C NMR, LCβMS and EI-MS spectra have been described, and characteristic signals have been identified. The compounds synthesized have been studied for their antiviral activity. The results of the antiviral assay have shown that some compounds exhibit a moderate and high activity against the strains studied.The correlation between the structure and the antiviral action has been also discussed. According to the data obtained the conclusion can be made that the combination of carcass amine moieties with the fragment of little known [(9-R1-10-R2-3-R-2-ΠΎxo-2H-[1,2,4]-triazino[2,3-Ρ]quinazolin-6-yl)thio]Π°Ρetic acid results in compounds with a high antiviral activity. High indicators of the antiviral activity of compounds 3.2 and 3.14 against Influenza Type A H3N2 allow to suppose the expediency of further chemical modification of [1,2,4]triazino[2,3-Ρ]quinazoline directed to obtaining new antiviral agents.ΠΠ»ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ 9-R1-10-R2-3-R-2-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎ-2H-[1,2,4]ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎ[2,3-c]Ρ
ΠΈΠ½Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-6-ΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΠ² N-ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»-(ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΠ»-)-2-Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² [(9-R1-10-R2-3-R-2-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎ-2H-[1,2,4]ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎ[2,3-c]Ρ
ΠΈΠ½Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-6-ΠΈΠ»)ΡΠΈΠΎ]ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π‘ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, 1H-, 13C-NMR, LCβMS ΠΈ EI-MS Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ 1H-, 13C-NMR, LCβMS ΠΈ EI-MS ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Ρ. Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°ΠΌ. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ Β«ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°-Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅Β». Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
[(9-R1-10-R2-3-R-2-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎ-2H-[1,2,4]-ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎ[2,3-Ρ]Ρ
ΠΈΠ½Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-6-ΠΈΠ»)ΡΠΈΠΎ]ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Influenza Type A H3N2 ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ 3.2 ΠΈ 3.14 Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ [1,2,4]ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎ[2,3-c]Ρ
ΠΈΠ½Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ².ΠΠ»ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠΉ 9-R1-10-R2-3-R-2-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎ-2H-[1,2,4]ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎ[2,3-c]Ρ
ΡΠ½Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-6-ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ² N-ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΡΠ»-(ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΠ»-)-2-Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ° Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠΌΡΠ΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΄ΡΠ² ΡΠ° Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ² [(9-R1-10-R2-3-R-2-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎ-2H- [1,2,4]ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎ[2,3-c]Ρ
ΡΠ½Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-6-ΡΠ»)ΡΡΠΎ]ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π· ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π°ΠΌΡΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΌΡΠ΄ΡΠ². Π‘ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ², Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° 1H, 13C-NMR, LCβMS ΡΠ° EI-MS Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ 1H, 13C NMR, LCβMS ΡΠ° EI-MS ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ² Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈ. Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡΠ½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ², ΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ·Π²βΡΠ·ΠΊΡΠ² Β«Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°-Π΄ΡΡΒ» Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΎΠ±Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π°. ΠΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΈ Π·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ, ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ² Π· ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ
[(9-R1-10-R2-3-R-2-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎ-2H-[1,2,4]-ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎ[2,3-c]Ρ
ΡΠ½Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-6-ΡΠ»)ΡΡΠΎ]ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΡ Influenza Type A H3N2 ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ 3.2 ΡΠ° 3.14 Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π±Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΎΡ Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ [1,2,4]ΡΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎ[2,3-c]Ρ
ΡΠ½Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ Π· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΊΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ²
An Contribution to the Hydrogen Lamb Shift from Virtual Light by Light Scattering
The radiative correction to the Lamb shift of order
induced by the light by light scattering insertion in external photons is
obtained. The new contribution turns out to be equal to
. Combining this contribution
with our previous results we obtain the complete correction of order
induced by all diagrams with closed electron loops.
This correction is kHz and kHz for the - and
-states in hydrogen, respectively.Comment: pages, Penn State Preprint PSU/TH/142, February 199
Peculiarities of sub-barrier fusion with quantum diffusion approach
With the quantum diffusion approach the unexpected behavior of fusion cross
section, angular momentum, and astrophysical S-factor at sub-barrier energies
has been revealed. Out of the region of short-range nuclear interaction and
action of friction at turning point the decrease rate of the cross section
under the barrier becomes smaller. The calculated results for the reactions
with spherical nuclei are in a good agreement with the existing experimental
data.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
Sub-barrier capture with quantum diffusion approach: actinide-based reactions
With the quantum diffusion approach the behavior of capture cross sections
and mean-square angular momenta of captured systems are revealed in the
reactions with deformed nuclei at subbarrier energies. The calculated results
are in a good agreement with existing experimental data. With decreasing
bombarding energy under the barrier the external turning point of the
nucleusnucleus potential leaves the region of short-range nuclear interaction
and action of friction. Because of this change of the regime of interaction, an
unexpected enhancement of the capture cross section is expected at bombarding
energies far below the Coulomb barrier. This effect is shown its worth in the
dependence of mean-square angular momentum of captured system on the bombarding
energy. From the comparison of calculated and experimental capture cross
sections, the importance of quasifission near the entrance channel is shown for
the actinide-based reactions leading to superheavy nuclei.Comment: 11 pages, 16 figures, Regular Articl
ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΡ Π±ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΠΠ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Β«ΠΠ°ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅Β» ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΅Ρ ΠΊ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ
The characteristic of bulls-producers of red breeds of OAO Barnaulskoe breeding enterprise on the quality of sperm and its resistance to cryopreservation are presented. The breeding enterprise has examined samples of water, soil, feed for the content of heavy metals. In the studied samples, no excess of the LOC was found. The research results were processed on a PC using population statistics methods. Angler bulls produced the largest amount of ejaculates unsuitable for cryopreservation. It is 20.6%. According to this indicator, they surpassed the producers of red Danish and red steppe breeds by 4.1-7.8%. The animals of the latter breed showed the smallest amount (1.7%) of ejaculates rejected after defrost. In Angler bulls, this indicator was 5.95%, in red Danish bulls it was 2.95%, which is 3.52 and 1.75 times higher than in red steppe breeders (P <0.01-0.001). Significant differences were established between individual bulls of the red steppe breed in the number of ejaculates rejected before cryopreservation (2.84-22.29%) and after defrost (0-7.09%). The differences between breeds in the frequency of rejected ejaculates before freezing and after cryopreservation indicate a certain role of heredity in the resistance of animals for these indicators. Spearmanβs rank correlation coefficient between these traits was 0.312. It indicates the possibility of preliminary assessment and selection of bulls according to the first indicator. But the final assessment of the bull-producers can be made by the frequency of rejected ejaculates after thawing. We propose to consider the issue of additional accounting in breeding programs for the resistance of the seed of bulls-producers to cryopreservation.ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΠΠ ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Β«ΠΠ°ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅Β» ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΅Ρ ΠΊ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ². Π ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π°Ρ
Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π£ Π±ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π°Π½Π³Π»Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π΅ 20,6%. ΠΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π·ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° 4,1β7,8% ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄. Π£ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ (1,7%) ΡΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π£ Π±ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π°Π½Π³Π»Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 5,95 %, Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
β 2,95 %, ΡΡΠΎ Π² 3,52 ΠΈ 1,75 ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ (P<0,01β0,001). Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Ρ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ² (2,84β22,29%) ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (0β7,09%). Π Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ. ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π‘ΠΏΠΈΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 0,312, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Π±ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ Π±ΡΠΊΠ°-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π±ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΠΎΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the primary databases of zootechnical records in western Siberia. The object of the study was the records on milk productivity (milk yield during the whole lactation, milk fat content, milk protein content, amount of milk fat, amount of milk protein), duration of lactation (service period, dry period, inter-breeding period), age of the first fruitful insemination and information on the origin of 20,000 Holstein cows. The validity of the raw data was assessed by assuming a Gaussian distribution without significant human influence. For this purpose, the Anderson-Darling test and corresponding visualization using histograms and quantile-quantile plots were applied. The list of traits of milk production was based on the values of the Anderson-Darling criterion. The authors found that the highest levels of this criterion were correlated with milk fat and protein. And the indicator Β«milk yieldΒ» was practically absent from the list of traits of dairy productivity. These results can be explained by the fact that in most enterprises, the value of milk yield was higher than the appraisal threshold values. An analysis of the genealogical trees of the studied breeding enterprises was carried out, along with the use of statistical criteria. This analysis revealed the inappropriate assignment of several dozen of offspring to a single mother. Thus, the presented approach can be used to identify outliers associated with human factors. And it can also be related to improper methodological support of the sampling process and errors in the work of the laboratories of selective milk quality control associated with the sampling and delivery of samples.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π±Π°Π· Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΠΎΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π‘ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π° Π²ΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ° Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ΅, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°), Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄, ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄, ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄), Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ 20000 ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°. Π‘ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ½Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°-ΠΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡβΠΊΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ. Π‘ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ½Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°βΠΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π², ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ± ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ± ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ