Неоконченное преступление как объект гуманизации российского уголовного законодательства

The subject. The article is devoted to the problems of simultaneous harmonization between the policy of humanization of the Russian criminal law and the reduction of the crime rate in society. The institute of incomplete crime is proposed as one of the promising areas of humanization of criminal legislation. The authors analyze the norms of the Russian Criminal Code which determine the essence of an incomplete crime, as well as the specifics of imposing punishment for its commission. The subject of the research also includes the strategic provisions of the Russian legislation, which reflect the main directions of the implementation of contemporary criminal policy, its goal and objectives. The purpose of the article is to confirm or dispute hypothesis that it is inadmissible to criminalize the actions committed at the stage of preparation for the commission of an intentional crime, as well as it is admissible to mitigate the liability for attempted crime. Research methodology and techniques are represented by a number of general scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition, used primarily in humanitarian research. The establishment of regularities between the growth of crime rates and the degree of criminalization, determined in the current criminal legislation, is ensured by the use of the dialectical method of cognition. The methods of analysis and synthesis were used to compare statistical data on the state of crime in Russia and the dynamics of the number of convicts serving imprisonment. Various methods of formal logic were applied in the process of evaluating measures aimed at ensuring the humanization of modern Russian criminal legislation. The method of comparative legal research was used to study the content of the norms on responsibility for an incomplete crime. The result of the study is proof of the necessity to decriminalize actions that are currently defined as "preparation for the commission of a grave or especially grave crime." The necessity of a significant reduction in the degree of punitive criminal-legal impact on persons found guilty of an attempt to commit an intentional crime has been substantiated. Conclusions. It as expedient to partially decriminalize an incomplete crime and exclude this institution from the General Part of the Russian Criminal Code. This decision fully complies with the fundamental principles of criminal law: legality, guilt, justice, and will also ensure the effectiveness of the implementation of the modern policy of humanizing Russian criminal legislation.Статья представляет собой комплексное обоснование необходимости пересмотра положений уголовного закона об ответственности за неоконченное преступление. Отмечается, что действия, квалифицируемые в настоящее время как приготовление к преступлению, в действительности не содержат в себе признаков состава преступления, а сводятся лишь к намерению совершить его в будущем. В этой связи декриминализация приготовительных действий может обеспечить приведение в соответствие содержание института неоконченного преступления основным принципам уголовного права, а также будет способствовать повышению эффективности и результативности процесса гуманизации уголовного законодательства как направлению современной российской уголовной политики

ПРОФИЛЬ ОБШИВКИ И ЦИКЛЫ ВИБРОНАГРУЖЕНИЯ ПОЛУВАГОНА

The design of the side walls of freight gondola cars, designed for the use of vibration loading technology assume their sheathing with sheet profiles. Earlier held survey of technical state of gondola cars with a body height of 2365 mm, delivered for unloading and cleaning of cargo residues using vibration equipment [3] revealed an increased damageability of elements of the side walls. About 90% of gondola cars had separations of siding sheets from the side wall pillars and cracks of up to 200 mm in the corners of middle and upper corrugations of the first and second panels. This led to the fact that a new edition of GOST 22235, in force since 2010, prohibits the delivery of cars with body height of 2365 mm for unloading using vibration technology. To increase the operational reliability of such complexes, different designs, models are offered, new calculations and experiments are conducted. The article presents the results of authors’ research, conducted primarily with simulation and hybrid modeling methods, its conclusions and options of alternative sheathing profiles, tested in Yekaterinburg, showing the possibility of using overhead vibration machines for unloading gondola-cars with a height of the body of 2365 mm and with account of permissible time of operation of the rolling stock.Конструкции боковых стен грузовых полувагонов, рассчитанных на использование технологий виброразгрузки, предполагают их обшивку листовыми профилями. Чтобы повысить эксплуатационную надежность таких комплексов, предлагаются разные конструктивные решения, модели, проводятся все новые расчеты и эксперименты. В числе прочих в статье представлены авторские исследования и прошедшие в Екатеринбурге проверку варианты альтернативных профилей обшивки, показавших возможность применения накладных вибромашин на разгрузке полувагонов с высотой кузова 2365 мм и с учетом предельно допустимого времени эксплуатации подвижного состава

Determination of ππ\pi\pi scattering lengths from measurement of π+π−\pi^+\pi^- atom lifetime

The DIRAC experiment at CERN has achieved a sizeable production of $\pi^+\pi^-$ atoms and has significantly improved the precision on its lifetime determination. From a sample of 21227 atomic pairs, a 4% measurement of the S-wave $\pi\pi$ scattering length difference $|a_0-a_2| = (.0.2533^{+0.0080}_{-0.0078}|_\mathrm{stat}.{}^{+0.0078}_{-0.0073}|_\mathrm{syst})M_{\pi^+}^{-1}$ has been attained, providing an important test of Chiral Perturbation Theory.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Anxiety and neurometabolite levels in the hippocampus and amygdala after prolonged exposure to predator-scent stress

Here, to study the relationship between anxiety levels with changes in the neurometabolic profile in the hippocampus and amygdala, an experimental predator stress model was reproduced in which Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to cat urine for 10 minutes on a daily basis for 10 days. At the time of presentation of the stimulus, an online survey of behavioral reactions was conducted. Fear, aggressiveness, avoidance of stimulus and grooming were recorded. Fourteen days after the completion of the last stress exposure, the total level of anxiety was determined in the test of the“cross maze”. Using the method of in vivo NMR spectroscopy, the content of neurometabolites was determined in the hippocampus and in the amygdala. According to the peculiarities of behavioral reactions to a stressor, animals were retrospectively divided into two phenotypes. The first phenotype used a passive behavioral strategy, and the second phenotype was active. In animals of the first phenotype, the indicators of anxiety behavior remained at the control level. In animals of the second phenotype, a decrease in anxiety was observed. Animals of the second phenotype showed elevated levels of lactate in the hippocampus compared to animals of the first phenotype, and the lowest N-acetylaspartate levels significantly differed from those in the control and the first phenotype animals. In the amygdala, in animals of the second phenotype, the content of taurine is sharply reduced in comparison with those in the control and the animals of the first phenotype. Thus, the results obtained indicate a relationship of post-stress changes in anxiety, with the peculiarities of the behavioral reactions presented at the moment of the immediate action of the stressor. Among the hippocampal and amygdala neurometabolites, the most informative for the characterization of the anxiolytic action of the predator stress are identified

Progress in Development of Kharkov X-Ray Generator Nestor

The sources of the X-rays based on Compton scattering of intense Nd:YAG laser beam on electron beam circulating in a storage ring with beam energy 43-225 MeV is under construction in NSC KIPT. In the paper the progress in development and construction of Kharkov X-ray generator NESTOR is presented. The current status of the main facility system design and development are described. New scheme and main parameters of injection system are presented. The status of power supply system and control system is described. The facility is going to be in operation in the middle of 2007 and generated X-rays flux is expected to be of about 10{sup 13} phot/s

DIRAC Experiment and Test of Low-Energy QCD

The low-energy QCD predictions to be tested by the DIRAC experiment are revised. The experimental method, the setup characteristics and capabilities, along with first experimental results are reported. Preliminary analysis shows good detector performance: alignment error via $\Lambda$ mass measurement $m_\Lambda = 1115.6 MeV/c^2$ with $\sigma = 0.92 MeV/c^2$, $p \pi^-$ relative momentum resolution $\sigma_Q \approx 2.7 MeV/c$, and evidence for $\pi^

DIRAC: A High Resolution Spectrometer for Pionium Detection

The DIRAC spectrometer has been commissioned at CERN with the aim of detecting $\pi^+ \pi^-$ atoms produced by a 24 GeV/$c$ high intensity proton beam in thin foil targets. A challenging apparatus is required to cope with the high interaction rates involved, the triggering of pion pairs with very low relative momentum, and the measurement of the latter with resolution around 0.6 MeV/$c$. The general characteristics of the apparatus are explained and each part is described in some detail. The main features of the trigger system, data-acquisition, monitoring and setup performances are also given.Comment: 49 pages, 37 figures. Figures 1, 2, 5 and 28 are removed because of size limitations imposed by hep-ex. They don't offer essential information. Latex class file 'elsart.cls' also provide