Penerapan Strategi Genius Learning untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa pada Pokok Bahasan Struktur Atom dan Sistem Periodik Unsur di Kelas X SMA Negeri 14 Pekanbaru

This research aims to know the improve of students learning achievement by using Genius Learning strategy on the topic of the Structure of Atoms and the Periodic Systems of Elements in class X senior high school (SMAN) 14 Pekanbaru. This research was experimental research with pretest-postest design. The sample of this research were students of class X4 as the experimental research and students of class X3 as a control class that has been randomly selected after a test of normally and homogenity test. Experiment class is a class that is applied Genius Learning strategy while the control class was not. Data analysis technique used is t-test. Based on analysis of the data obtained tcount> ttable is 2,15>1,67, it is mean that the apllication of Genius Learning strategy can improved students learning achievement on the topic of the Structure of Atoms and the Periodic Systems of Elements in class X senior high school (SMAN) 14 Pekanbaru. The category improvement of student achievement at experiment class was high category with N-gain normalized is 0,72. Meanwhile, the category improvement of student achievement in control class was medium category with N-gain normalized is 0,54. Genius Learning strategy can activate the students in learning process to improve the students achievement in learning

Analisis Kadar Pm10 dan Karbon Monoksida (Co) Serta Keluhan Gangguan Pernafasan Akut pada Petugas Dinas Perhubungan Terminal Amplas Medan Tahun 2014

One of the most potential air pollution resources come from the transportation sector (60-80%), such as carbon monoxide (CO) and PM10. The existence of carbon monoxide and PM10 in the air can cause health problems, especially respiratory disorders for people who breathe it.The purpose of this study is to analyze the levels of PM10 and Carbon Monoxide in the air of the Amplas Terminal Medan. Then to find out of the characteristicsof the respondents and acute respiratory disturbanceswhich was felt by Transport Department officers in Terminal Amplas.This is a descriptive research. This study used total sampling technique, and the population as many as 81 respondents. Data PM10 and Carbon Monoxide levels obtained by direct measurement in Terminal Amplas. Then, acute respiratorydisturbancesdata obtained by interviewed the Transport Department officers in AmplasTerminal.Air measurement result showed that the levels of PM10 and carbon monoxide in the Amplas Terminal did not exceed the threshold value with the average levels of PM10 is 150 mg/m3 and CO is 29 ppm. Most of respondents (58,3%) who worked in the office of the Transport Department did not have acute respiratory disturbancesand most of respondents (68,1%) who worked outside the office had acute respiratory disturbances.The conclusion of this study is the acute respiratory disturbancesfelt by most of respondents was coughing. There is recommended to Kota Medan Transport Dapertment to regulate the office hours of the Transport Department officers in AmplasTerminal

Extraction, chemical composition, use in induced protection and cross-reactive antigens between exopolisaccharides from Tremella fuciformis Berk and Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri (Hasse) Dye

Exopolysaccharides (PS) are the major components on the surface of bacteria and also produced by fungi. These molecules are important in human health, in order to control diabetes as well as protect plants against attacks of foliage diseases. The objective of the present work was to study the partial chemical structure of the carbohydrate, use in control disease in plants and cross-serological relationship (cross-reactive antigens between isolates from fungi (Tremella fuciformis (Tf) and bacteria (Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri (Xcc)). Tf was developed in culture medium containing sorghum seeds during 20 days, and Xcc in the PDA (potato dextrose agar) medium for an 8 days period. The polysaccharide was removed from the culture medium, precipitated with ethanol, and quantified total sugar. By TLC was observed that 2 isolates presented galactose, glucose, mannose, arabinose and xylose in different proportions. Fucose and ribose was not found in the PS from Xcc but present in Tf. In ELISA, antiserum to Xcc revealed an antigenic homologous reaction with the same bacteria and heterologous with Tf. Barley plants pretreated with PS from Tf and later challenged with conidia from B.sorokiniana, demonstrated protection against the pathogen. Results suggested that PS from Tf presented induction of protection. Both PS (antigens) present an identical epitope demonstrated by reaction in Elisa test. The antibody against Xcc was specific for an epitope and bounded to another antigen due to having similar chemical properties

Measurement of 1323 and 1487 keV resonances in 15N({\alpha}, {\gamma})19F with the recoil separator ERNA

The origin of fluorine is a widely debated issue. Nevertheless, the ^{15}N({\alpha},{\gamma})^{19}F reaction is a common feature among the various production channels so far proposed. Its reaction rate at relevant temperatures is determined by a number of narrow resonances together with the DC component and the tails of the two broad resonances at E_{c.m.} = 1323 and 1487 keV. Measurement through the direct detection of the 19F recoil ions with the European Recoil separator for Nuclear Astrophysics (ERNA) were performed. The reaction was initiated by a 15N beam impinging onto a 4He windowless gas target. The observed yield of the resonances at Ec.m. = 1323 and 1487 keV is used to determine their widths in the {\alpha} and {\gamma} channels. We show that a direct measurement of the cross section of the ^{15}N({\alpha},{\gamma})^{19}F reaction can be successfully obtained with the Recoil Separator ERNA, and the widths {\Gamma}_{\gamma} and {\Gamma}_{\alpha} of the two broad resonances have been determined. While a fair agreement is found with earlier determination of the widths of the 1487 keV resonance, a significant difference is found for the 1323 keV resonance {\Gamma}_{\alpha} . The revision of the widths of the two more relevant broad resonances in the 15N({\alpha},{\gamma})19F reaction presented in this work is the first step toward a more firm determination of the reaction rate. At present, the residual uncertainty at the temperatures of the ^{19}F stellar nucleosynthesis is dominated by the uncertainties affecting the Direct Capture component and the 364 keV narrow resonance, both so far investigated only through indirect experiments.Comment: 8 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in PR

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with IL-6 levels and monocyte activation in HIV-infected persons

Immune activation plays a key role in HIV pathogenesis. Markers of inflammation have been associated with vitamin D deficiency in the general population. Studies have also demonstrated associations of vitamin D deficiency with increased risk of HIV progression and death. The relationship between persistent inflammation and immune activation during chronic HIV infection and vitamin D deficiency remains unclear.Cryopreserved specimens were analyzed from 663 participants at the time of enrollment from the Study to Understand the Natural History of HIV/AIDS in the Era of Effective Therapy (SUN Study) from 2004 to 2006. Biomarkers of inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coagulation were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and electrochemiluminescence. 25(OH)D, the stable precursor form of vitamin D, was measured using a radioimmunoassay with levels defined as: normal (≥30ng/mL), insufficient (20-29 ng/mL) and deficient (<20 ng/mL). Monocyte phenotypes were assessed by flow cytometry. Linear and logistic regression models were used to determine statistical associations between biomarkers and vitamin D deficiency.25(OH)D levels were deficient in 251 (38%) participants, insufficient in 222 (34%), and normal in 190 (29%). Patients with vitamin D deficiency, when compared to those with insufficient or normal vitamin D levels, had increased levels of IL-6 (23%; p<0.01), TNF-α (21%, p = 0.03), D-dimer (24%, p = 0.01), higher proportions of CD14dimCD16+ (22%, p<0.01) and CX3CR1+ monocytes (48%; p<0.001) and decreased frequency of CCR2+ monocytes (-3.4%, p<0.001). In fully adjusted models, vitamin D associations with abnormal biomarker levels persisted for IL-6 levels and CX3CR1+ and CCR2+ phenotypes.Vitamin D deficiency is associated with greater inflammation and activated monocyte phenotypes. The role of vitamin D deficiency in persistent immune activation and associated complications during chronic HIV disease should be further evaluated as a possible target for intervention

A human lung tumor microenvironment interactome identifies clinically relevant cell-type cross-talk.

BackgroundTumors comprise a complex microenvironment of interacting malignant and stromal cell types. Much of our understanding of the tumor microenvironment comes from in vitro studies isolating the interactions between malignant cells and a single stromal cell type, often along a single pathway.ResultTo develop a deeper understanding of the interactions between cells within human lung tumors, we perform RNA-seq profiling of flow-sorted malignant cells, endothelial cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, and bulk cells from freshly resected human primary non-small-cell lung tumors. We map the cell-specific differential expression of prognostically associated secreted factors and cell surface genes, and computationally reconstruct cross-talk between these cell types to generate a novel resource called the Lung Tumor Microenvironment Interactome (LTMI). Using this resource, we identify and validate a prognostically unfavorable influence of Gremlin-1 production by fibroblasts on proliferation of malignant lung adenocarcinoma cells. We also find a prognostically favorable association between infiltration of mast cells and less aggressive tumor cell behavior.ConclusionThese results illustrate the utility of the LTMI as a resource for generating hypotheses concerning tumor-microenvironment interactions that may have prognostic and therapeutic relevance

Adipose Concentrations of Organochlorine Compounds and Breast Cancer Recurrence in Long Island, New York

Several studies have measured the association between blood or adipose concentrations of organochlorinated compounds (OCs), such as pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and breast cancer. The estrogenic effects of OCs might adversely affect breast cancer recurrence. The participants were 224 women with nonmetastatic breast cancer enrolled in a New York-based case-control study. Supercritical fluid extraction followed by gas chromatography was conducted on adipose surgical specimens to determine OC concentrations. The mean follow-up time from surgery was 3.6 years. Thirty women (13.4%) were diagnosed with a recurrence. The concentration of pesticides and PCBs was correlated with baseline age and body mass index, but not with cancer stage. The highest tertile of total PCB concentration was associated with an increased risk of recurrence [relative risk (RR), 2.9; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-8.2 versus the lowest tertile]. The risk for the highest tertile of the PCB congener Ballschmiter and Zell 118 was 4.0 (95% CI, 1.3-4.9). There was an increased risk for the middle level of the most abundant pesticide, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-di(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (RR, 2.3; 95% CI, 0.9-5.7), and for beta-hexachlorocyclohexane, but not for their highest levels. Self-reported home termiticide exposure, alcohol consumption (> or = 1 drink/day), and race were not associated with prognosis. The RR for current cigarette smoking at diagnosis was 2.1 (95% CI, 0.9-5.1). In contrast to previous data showing no relationship between OC exposure and risk of breast cancer in these women, adipose PCB concentrations were associated with tumor recurrence. Pesticide levels were not related to recurrence

Breast cancer risk in relation to adipose concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in Long Island, New York

To assess a possible etiological role of organochlorine compounds in breast cancer development on Long Island, a high-risk region of New York State, concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in the adipose tissue of 232 women with breast cancer and 323 hospital controls admitted to surgery for benign breast disease or non-breast-related conditions. Seven pesticide residues and 14 PCB congeners were assayed via a supercritical fluid extraction method followed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. After adjustment for age and body mass index, which were strongly correlated with organochlorine levels, adipose concentrations of 1,1- dichloro-2,2-di(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene, total pesticides, and total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) did not differ significantly between cases and controls. The relative abundance of individual pesticide species and PCB congeners was similar in cases and controls. Odds ratios adjusted for age, BMI, hospital, and race gave no evidence of a dose-response for 1,1-dichloro-2,2-di(4- chlorophenyl)ethylene, total pesticides, or total PCBs, whether stratified by estrogen receptor status or not. Breast cancer risk among Long Island residents was not elevated compared with residents of the adjacent New York City borough of Queens. We did not confirm a previously reported association between breast cancer risk and levels of PCB congener 118 (2,3',4,4',5- pentachlorobiphenyl), nor did we observe an association with the most abundant congener 153 (2,2',4,4',5,5'- hexachlorobiphenyl), a strong inducer of phase I enzymes that was reported recently to have estrogenic properties. Only PCB congener 183 (2,2',3,4,4',5',6- heptachlorobiphenyl), which is also an inducer, was significantly associated with risk, with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.2–3.4) in women with adipose levels >5.67 ng/g; the biological importance of this observation is unclear without confirmation in additional studies. Although neither the present nor other studies have provided convincing evidence of an association between body burden of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2- bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane and PCBs with cancer of the breast, these compounds are rated as “possible” and “probable” human carcinogens, respectively, by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Investigations of associations with cancer at other sites should be carried out

Relative abundance of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in adipose tissue and serum of women

Some organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and PCBs are under investigation as possible risk factors for breast cancer because of their estrogenic properties and widespread presence in the environment. It is important to know whether adipose tissue used by some investigators and serum assays used by others can provide comparable information on body burden. Concentrations of seven OCPs or their breakdown products as well as 14 PCB congeners were measured in the adipose tissue and serum of 293 women enrolled as controls in a case-control study of environmental factors for breast cancer in Long Island, New York, a high-risk region. Adipose OCP/PCB levels were measured using a supercritical fluid extraction method developed by the authors. 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-di(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p’- DDE) was detected in all adipose and serum samples; two chlordane derivatives, β-hexachlorocyclohexane (a lindane isomer) and hexachlorobenzene, were detected in at least 92% of adipose samples. The di-ortho hexachlorinated PCB congeners 2,4,5,2’,4’,5’- hexachlorobiphenyl and 2,3,4,2’,4’,5’-hexachlorobiphenyl were detected in all adipose and over 98% of serum samples. 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-di(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene comprised 77% of total pesticide residues in adipose and 71% in serum. 2,4,5,2’,4’,5’-Hexachlorobiphenyl comprised 24% of adipose and 21 % of serum PCBs. The relative concentration patterns of the 14 PCB congeners were similar to those reported in other human studies and were also typical of patterns reported in environmental samples from various biota, including mammals and birds, but differed substantially from patterns reported in occupationally exposed workers. All adipose-serum correlations for pesticides and most PCBs were statistically significant. Either serum or adipose OCP/PCB levels of a variety of environmental organochlorine compounds may serve as useful biomarkers of body burden