Organometallic preparation of Ni, Pd, and Nipd nanoparticles for the design of supported nanocatalysts

FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQThe preparation of bimetallic nanoparticles with controlled size, shape, and composition remains a difficult task, and reproducible methods are highly desired. Here, we report the codecomposition of Ni(cod)2 and Pd 2(dba)3 organometallic precursors in the presence of hexadecylamine (HDA) and hydrogen as an efficient approach to get size-controlled bimetallic nickel-palladium nanoparticles. Presynthesized nickel-palladium nanoparticles of different Ni/Pd ratios were further used for the preparation of supported catalysts by the sol-immobilization method onto a magnetic silica. The obtained supported catalysts were investigated in the hydrogenation of cyclohexene and compared to Ni and Pd monometallic catalysts. The catalysts prepared with a 1:9 Ni/Pd molar ratio achieved the highest initial turnover frequency > 50000 h-1, providing higher activity than the pure Pd monometallic counterpart. This represents an important saving of noble metal. Moreover, the magnetic separation allows excellent separation of the catalyst from the liquid products without metal leaching and exposure to air, leading to an efficient recycling. © 2014 American Chemical Society.The preparation of bimetallic nanoparticles with controlled size, shape, and composition remains a difficult task, and reproducible methods are highly desired. Here, we report the codecomposition of Ni(cod)2 and Pd 2(dba)3 organometallic precursors in the presence of hexadecylamine (HDA) and hydrogen as an efficient approach to get size-controlled bimetallic nickel-palladium nanoparticles. Presynthesized nickel-palladium nanoparticles of different Ni/Pd ratios were further used for the preparation of supported catalysts by the sol-immobilization method onto a magnetic silica. The obtained supported catalysts were investigated in the hydrogenation of cyclohexene and compared to Ni and Pd monometallic catalysts. The catalysts prepared with a 1:9 Ni/Pd molar ratio achieved the highest initial turnover frequency > 50000 h-1, providing higher activity than the pure Pd monometallic counterpart. This represents an important saving of noble metal. Moreover, the magnetic separation allows excellent separation of the catalyst from the liquid products without metal leaching and exposure to air, leading to an efficient recycling.4617351742FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQSem informação695/10Sem informaçãoRichards, R., Koodali, R., Klabunde, K., Erickson, L., (2011) Nanoscale Materials in Chemistry: Environmental Application, , ACS Publications: Washington DCSchmid, G., (2012) Nanoparticles: From Theory to Application, , 2 nd ed. Wiley-VCH: WeinheimYamamoto, T.A., Kageyama, S., Seino, S., Nitani, H., Nakagawa, T., Horioka, R., Honda, Y., Daimon, H., (2011) Appl. 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Additionally, LNNano-CNPEM (Campinas, Brazil) and TEMSCAN-UPS (Toulouse, France) are acknowledged for the use of their TEM/HRTEM facilities. The authors would like to thank Dr., Renato F. Jardim and Dr. Sueli H. Masunaga (Instituto de Fisica-Universidade de Sao Paulo) for discussions on magnetic measurement data

Nursing values as social practice: a qualitative meta-synthesis

OBJECTIVE: to identify values which structure and guide nursing as social practice. METHOD: qualitative meta-synthesis. RESULTS: three concepts were identified: The tension between technique, organization and ethics in the nurse's practice; Historical carry-overs of the values which run through nursing practice; Attention to ethics, to reform of the health system, and to the humanization of care. These led to the synthesis of the principal variables 'planning' and 'care', which represent, respectively, guiding values of the technical-operative and ethical-moral elements of the social practice of nursing. CONCLUSION: these values are articulated through the prism of ordering so as to care well. Their recognition contributed to a better understanding of the process of health care and nursing care