THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF EUTECTIC CRYSTALLIZATION IN GALLIUM–TIN AND BISMUTH–TIN SYSTEMS

Исследованы процессы кристаллизации эвтектических сплавов Ga+8,5 мол. % Sn и Bi+57 мол. % Sn. Установлен эффект «скачкообразного» перехода для эвтектического сплава Sn–Bi от квазиравновесной кристаллизации (КРК) к неравновесно-взрывной (НВК) и монотонный – для эвтектического сплава Ga–Sn. Рассчитаны активности и коэффициенты активностей компонентов в соответствующих эвтектиках при температурах ТЭ.The processes of eutectic alloys Ga + 8,5 mol. % Sn and Bi + 57 mol. % Sn crystallization. The effect of a "jumplike" transition for the eutectic Sn-Bi alloy from quasi-equilibrium crystallization (QEC) to nonequilibrium-explosive (NEE) and monotonic for the eutectic Ga-Sn alloy is established. The activity and activity coefficients of the components in the corresponding eutectics at the temperature of the TE were calculated

Design of InP membrane SOA with butt-joint active passive interface

A butt-joint SOA design for InP on Si membrane (IMOS) platform is proposed. The new design features the butt-joint interface between the SOA and passive nanophotonic waveguide, which makes the interface a factor of 2 to 6 shorter than in the current twin-guide SOAs, with possibility to reduce it further to factor of 5-10. This makes the new SOA a promising candidate for high-speed directly modulated lasers (DML) applications, where extremely short SOAs (40-100 μm long) and short distances between reflectors are usually required

Distribution of species of Fusarium and Alternaria genera on cereals in Ukraine

In recent years phytosanitary situation in agrophytocenooses has worsened, and damage caused by diseases increased. In the conditions of field experiments in the vegetative seasons of 2015–2018 the dissemination of Fusarium and Alternaria spp., and composition of Fusarium species in Ukraine were studied. The selection of plant samples was carried out twice – at the beginning of vegetation and before entering into wintering. In autumn the samples of winter wheat with the symptoms of root rot from more than 150 fields from different oblasts of Ukraine were selected. Later these samples were analyzed using PCR method in real time to determine the species composition of Fusarium genus. In the analysis of grain material from different regions of Ukraine we determined high level of Fusarium infection. Fusariosis of grain were observed in several areas in more than 50% of samples from all regions of county. In all oblasts of Ukraine, the high level of Alternarìa infection were identified also. It is found out that the main sources of the root rot are F. tricinctum, F. graminearum, F. poae and F. avenaceum. The role of F. avenaceum, as the pathogen of root rot was at the level of F. graminearum and F. sporotrichioides in most regions of Ukraine. The studies reveiled that the dominant species in the grain material were F. tricinctum and F. graminearum, presence of which exceeded 20–25%. Quite often F. poae and F. sporotrichioides was observed, presence of which in grain equaled 15–20%. In the Central, Eastern and Southern regions, the dominant species was F. avenaceum with a level of identification 15–23%. F. culmorum, F. langsethiae were within 5–7%. The species composition of fusariosis in the grain and the species composition of pathogens that cause fusariosis root rot in general are similar. Fusariosis becomes one of the most common and harmful diseases of grain crops, and cause no less harm than smut diseases. The fact that their danger continues to grow is explained by adverse weather conditions (alternation of wet and arid periods) and reduction of general level of cultivation: distribution of corn fields, decrease of expenses on tillage, and low-quality pesticides, often generics. It should be noted that the best precursors for cereal crops, for example, soy bean, is also vulnerable to fusariosis. Therefore, performing protective measures at preparing of grain for sowing and in the period of vegetation of the crop will contribute to total reduction of the levels of infection of agrophytocenoses with Fusarium species and potential damage to the cultivated plants. The study revealed that species of fungi belonging to the Alternaria and Fusarium genera infect wheat grain in the yields of each year. The results of data analysis of the genera showed antagonistic interaction between them. Perhaps, particularly at such negative interaction in the vegetative season of 2018, during, practically continuous warm rains in the "grain belt" of Ukraine during the generative period of development of wheat, the grain was infected with Alternaria spp. at moderate presence of Fusarium species. These patterns in the interaction of Alternaria and Fusarium spp. are expedient to be taken into account during development of systems of control of fusariosis using fungicides. Absence of contamination of grains with mycotoxins of Fusarium species does not reduce the levels of danger for crops posed by probable increase in the levels of presence of Alternaria mycotoxins – alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, tenuazonic acid, etc. Certainly, the results of the vegetation season of 2018 year and the large-scale alternariosis infication require clarifications to the current normative documentation. The conducted researches are important for improvement of protection systems for crops in intensive technologies of cultivation

The Secular Evolution of a Bar in the Action Variables Space

Проанализированы изменения со временем переменных действия JR, Jz и Lz в N-body модели галактики с баром. Рассмотрены распределения разности действий между двумя моментами времени на плоскости xy и в пространстве частот. Показано, что для частиц бара (связанных с внутренним резонансом Линдблада) действия меняются с сохранением инварианта Jf = JR + Lz/2 + Jz, при этом на концах бара растет JR и Jz, а Lz уменьшается. В диске изменение действий происходит на различных резонансах, а на плоскости xy наблюдаются области, напоминающие спирали, на которых происходит увеличение Lz.The time variations of the action variables JR, Jz, and Lz were analyzed in the N-body model of the galaxy with a bar. The distributions of the actions difference between two moments of time were considered on the xy plane and in the frequency space. It was shown that the actions of bar‘s particles (associated with an internal Lindblad resonance) change, while the invariant Jf = JR +Lz/2+Jz remains constant. At the same time, JR and Jz increase at the ends of the bar, while Lz decreases. As for the disk, actions change at different resonances, and areas, where Lz is increasing, have spiral-like shape on the xy plane

Information sovereignty as the basis of modern state information security

Information sovereignty as the basis of modern state information security / Oleksandr Zozulia, Ihor Zozulia, Oksana Brusakova, Yurii Kholod, Yevheniia Berezhna // International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security. - 2021. - Vol. 21, № 12 (December). - P. 264-268. - DOI: https://doi.org/10.22937/IJCSNS.2021.21.12.38.В умовах глобалізації інформаційних процесів, поширення інформаційних воєн та тероризму виникають нові загрози національним інтересам в інформаційній сфері, що актуалізує забезпечення інформаційного суверенітету сучасних держав. Тому метою статті є поглиблений аналіз особливостей та змісту інформаційного суверенітету як складової частини державного суверенітету, його взаємозв'язку зі свободою інформації та інформаційною безпекою, а також характеристика підстав та напрямів забезпечення інформаційного суверенітету.In the context of globalization of information processes, the prevalence of information wars and terrorism, there are new threats to national interests in the information sphere, which actualizes providing the information sovereignty of modern states. Therefore, the purpose of the article is an in-depth analysis of the features and content of information sovereignty as a component of state sovereignty, its relationship with freedom of information and information security, as well as a characterization of the bases and directions of providing informat ion sovereignty. The information sovereignty of the modern state includes its activities to determine national interests in the information sphere, the formation and implementation of information policy, providing information security, regulation and control of information processes. The realization of information sovereignty should be based on real freedom of information, information privacy and the state obligation to provide them. Ensuring information sovereignty also requires solving the problems of formation of modern information legislation, which would comprehensively establish the bases and directions of providing information sovereignty, exceptional cases of restriction of freedom of information.В условиях глобализации информационных процессов, распространения информационных войн и терроризма возникают новые угрозы национальным интересам в информационной сфере, что актуализирует обеспечение информационного суверенитета современных государств. Поэтому целью статьи является углубленный анализ особенностей и содержания информационного суверенитета как составной части государственного суверенитета, его взаимосвязи со свободой информации и информационной безопасностью, а также характеристика оснований и направлений обеспечения информационного суверенитета

навчальний посібник

Адміністративне право України. Загальна частина у схемах : навч. посіб. / МВС України, Харків. нац. ун-т внутр. справ ; за заг. ред. В. В. Сокуренка. – Харків : ХНУВС, 2019. – 236 с. – ISBN 978-966-610-138-2.У навчальному посібнику у вигляді структурно-логічних схем розкрито зміст норм загальної частини адміністративного права України: сутність публічного адміністрування, його принципи; предмет, метод, принципи і систему адміністративного права; систему суб’єктів адміністративного права; публічну службу та iнше. Для студентів, аспірантів, викладачів закладів різного рівня акредитації, наукових і практичних працівників та всіх, хто цікавиться питаннями адміністративного права.The textbook in the form of structural and logical schemes discloses the content of the norms of the general part of administrative law of Ukraine: the essence of public administration, its principles, subject, method, principles and system of administrative law; system of subjects of administrative law; public service and so on. For students, graduate students, teachers of institutions of different levels of accreditation, scientists and practitioners and anyone interested in administrative law.В учебном пособии в виде структурно-логических схем раскрыто содержание норм общей части административного права Украины: сущность публичного администрирования, его принципы, предмет, метод, принципы и систему административного права; систему субъектов административного права; публичную службу и прочее. Для студентов, аспирантов, преподавателей учреждений разного уровня аккредитации, научных и практических работников и всех, кто интересуется вопросами административного права

ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДИЧНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ РАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ВИТРАТ РЕСУРСІВ НА ЛОГІСТИЧНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ВІЙСЬКОВОГО ФОРМУВАННЯ

On the basis of the analysis of the provisions of the governing documents on the concept, content, principles of logistical support for the activities of military formation, the need to develop methodological recommendations aimed at obtaining the expected result of the functioning of the logistics system for the minimum cost of resources, that is, solving the problem of determining the rational cost of resources for the implementation of logistics.The initial conditions, the content and mathematical model of the problem of determining the rational expenditure of resources are formulated, and the algorithm of its solution is developed based on the use of the step-by-step method.Indicators are proposed to evaluate the outcome of logistical support by applying an expert-analytical approach, which includes the justification of the scoring scale of the results of individual actions within the types of security and the criteria that they must meet, as well as the procedure for summarizing them to obtain an overall score of each type of security and logistics in general.The order of formation of dependence between the points of the rating scale and the necessary expenses for their maintenance is considered. For this purpose, on the basis of the formed evaluation criteria for each score by means of meaningful analysis, the list of necessary actions and, accordingly, the necessary resources for their fulfillment in cost dimension is determined.The procedure for determining the rational costs of logistical support is developed by using the step-by-step method, according to which within the limits of certain restrictions on the required results of logistical support and allocated resources, the maximum value of the logistical result is formulated sequentially by the next value in cost dimension (next step) overall, and the appropriate resource costs.Formed a graph of the relationship between the magnitudes of the results of logistics and costs, analyzes the possibility of its use.Сформульовано вихідні умови, змістовна та математична моделі задачі визначення раціональних витрат ресурсів на здійснення логістичного забезпечення військового формування. Вибрано метод і розроблено алгоритм розв’язання цієї задачі, проведено аналіз одержаних результатів

Peculiarities of designing a wideband detector of pulse radar signals based on real-time spectrum analyzer

Peculiarities of practical design of a wideband detector of pulse radar signals with unknown shape based on real-time spectrum analyzer to be used in passive radars are considered. Quality figures for such detector are obtained using simulation on a PC. Validity of the obtained estimates is proven by testing performed in a prototype unit