Image defect detection algorithm based on deep learning

In this paper proposed a system for automatic defects detection in images. The solution to this problem is widely used in practice. Automatic detection is found in the challenge of detecting defects on the road surface, in the textile industry, as well as virtual restoration of archival photo images. The solution to this range of problems allows speeding up work in these areas, and in some cases, completely solving. To solve the first two problems (search for defects on the pavement and textiles), it is enough to create a mask that localizes defects in the image with maximum reliability, while photo restoration requires additional algorithms to restore the detected damaged areas. The proposed method is based on the latest achievements in the field of machine learning and allows solve the main disadvantages of traditional methods. Automatic defect detection is performed using a neural network with compound descriptor. A series of experiments confirmed the high efficiency of the proposed method in comparison with traditional methods for detecting defects

Problems of single-industry towns: world experience and Russian practice

The process of industrialisation in Russia was accompanied by the creation of many cities, the economy of which is associated with a certain industry. At the same time, the city is completely dependent on one or more of the same type of enterprises. Such an enterprise is called a city-forming one, since it employs 30 % of all working people in the city, and their families make up half of the urban population. The dependence of the city on the enterprise that is one of the main problems, since the state of the enterprise directly affects the economy of the entire city. The activity of the enterprise determines the unemployment rate in the city, the size of the city budget and the state of engineering networks. In the case of a crisis and the shutdown of the enterprise, the economy of a single-industry city will face huge problems. The purpose of the study was to identify the problems of the Russian single-industry towns, and review foreign methods of leveling them. The object of the study were the Russian single-industry towns defined by the Russian Government Decree No. 1398-r dated on 29.07.2014 (revised on 21.01.2020) “On Approval of the List of Monoprofile Municipal Entities of the Russian Federation (Mono-Cities)”. The main research method was comparative analysis. The main problems of single-industry towns in Russia have been formulated: infrastructure provision and monoprofile economy. A comparative analysis of domestic and foreign experience in solving these problems is carried out and the directions of modernisation of Russian single-industry towns are proposed. Issues of legal support for the implementation of the proposed recommendations require further elaboration

Drought tolerance gene pool in developing adaptive varieties of durum wheat identified in study nurseries under the Kazakhstan-Siberian program

Drought during the wheat vegetative period happens often in West Siberia and Kazakhstan condition. For this reason, varieties with adaptation to climatic zones, drought tolerance and high stability have high importance. The breeding efficiency and rates depend on the amount of information on genotypes in every study cycle. The aim of this study was to screen breeding material in Siberian and Kazakhstan research institutes from KASIB nurseries for drought tolerance and to develop a drought tolerant pool. For the evaluation of genotypes, it is necessary to study them in diverse condition. The basic purpose of the present work is to study breading material of durum wheat from KASIB institutions at different ecological sites. In 2000–2015, durum wheat entries in the Kazakhstan-Siberian program were studied. Progress in durum wheat breeding was tested in Russian and Kazakhstan institutes. Entries were screened for drought tolerance, yield and yield stability. They have value for including in hybridization for developing varieties with adaptation to Siberian and Kazakhstan conditions. The following varieties and lines are recommended for breading for drought tolerance: 383-МС, 452-МС, Каrgala 303, Каrgala 447, Каrgalа 24, Каrgala 1515/06, Каrgala 1516/06, Каrgala 69, Каrgala 1538, Каrgalа 1540, Каrgalа 1539, Kargalа 1671, Каrgalа 1411 (Акtubinsk Agricultural Experimental Station), Hordeiforme 91-25-5, Hordeiforme 91-22-2, Jemthujina Sibiri, Hordeiforme 94-94-13, Hordeiforme 98-42-1, Hordeiforme 01-121-3, Hordeiforme 02-156-1 (Siberian Research Agricultural Institute), Аltin schigis, Аltin dala, Line Г1549 (Каrabalyk Experimental Station), Hordeiforme 373, Hordeiforme 627 (Altai Research Agricultural Institute), 17394, 18053, Nauriz-6 (Кazakh Research-Production Center of Agriculture and Plant Growing), Коllektivnaya 2, ТС-15 (Kurgan Research Agricultural Institute), Line 653d-4 (Sаmara Research Agricultural Institute)

Value Orientation “Patriotism”: Essence, Content, and Assessment

Background. In the modern historical period, taking into account the current military-political situation, the actualization of the idea of patriotism as a comprehensive element of spiritual integrity of people is a condition for the preservation of Russia as an independent and unified state. The analysis of Russian and foreign scientific literature as well as of regulatory legal documents has shown the absence of a unified approach to the essence and content of the value orientation “patriotism”. There was also no tool for assessing the level of value orientation “patriotism” found. Objective. The article focuses on the development of a theoretical model of the value orientation “patriotism” and a methodology for assessing the level of its formation. Sample. 1600 citizens of the Russian Federation took part in the empirical study. Methods. The study was conducted with an expert survey, focus groups and a sociological survey. Results. The ANOVA by Kraskel — Wallis showed the validity of the developed methodology for assessing the value orientation of “patriotism” and the absence of statistically significant differences when using it on different sample populations. Conclusion. The article reveals the essence and content of the value orientation “patriotism”, develops and substantiates its theoretical model, which includes 8 components, as well as means of formation and levels of manifestation. In addition, the study developed and successfully tested a methodology for assessing the level of development of the value orientation “patriotism”

Critical Review of Theoretical Models for Anomalous Effects (Cold Fusion) in Deuterated Metals

We briefly summarize the reported anomalous effects in deuterated metals at ambient temperature, commonly known as "Cold Fusion" (CF), with an emphasis on important experiments as well as the theoretical basis for the opposition to interpreting them as cold fusion. Then we critically examine more than 25 theoretical models for CF, including unusual nuclear and exotic chemical hypotheses. We conclude that they do not explain the data.Comment: 51 pages, 4 Figure

A century of sea level measurements at Newlyn, SW England

The Newlyn Tidal Observatory is the most important sea level station in the UK. It commenced operations in 1915 as part of the Second Geodetic Levelling of England and Wales, and the mean sea level determined from the tide gauge during the first six years (May 1915-April 1921) defined Ordnance Datum Newlyn (ODN) which became the national height datum for the whole of Great Britain. The 100 years of sea level data now available have contributed significantly to many studies in oceanography, geology and climate change. This paper marks the centenary of this important station by reviewing the sea level (and, more recently, detailed land level) measurements and Newlyn’s contributions to UK cartography, geodesy and sea-level science in general. Recommendations are made on how sea and land level measurements at Newlyn might be enhanced in the future

Whole Transcriptome Profiling of Successful Immune Response to Vibrio Infections in the Oyster Crassostrea gigas by Digital Gene Expression Analysis

The cultivated Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas has suffered for decades large scale summer mortality phenomenon resulting from the interaction between the environment parameters, the oyster physiological and/or genetic status and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms including Vibrio species. To obtain a general picture of the molecular mechanisms implicated in C. gigas immune responsiveness to circumvent Vibrio infections, we have developed the first deep sequencing study of the transcriptome of hemocytes, the immunocompetent cells. Using Digital Gene Expression (DGE), we generated a transcript catalog of up-regulated genes from oysters surviving infection with virulent Vibrio strains (Vibrio splendidus LGP32 and V. aestuarianus LPi 02/41) compared to an avirulent one, V. tasmaniensis LMG 20012T. For that an original experimental infection protocol was developed in which only animals that were able to survive infections were considered for the DGE approach. We report the identification of cellular and immune functions that characterize the oyster capability to survive pathogenic Vibrio infections. Functional annotations highlight genes related to signal transduction of immune response, cell adhesion and communication as well as cellular processes and defence mechanisms of phagocytosis, actin cytosqueleton reorganization, cell trafficking and autophagy, but also antioxidant and anti-apoptotic reactions. In addition, quantitative PCR analysis reveals the first identification of pathogen-specific signatures in oyster gene regulation, which opens the way for in depth molecular studies of oyster-pathogen interaction and pathogenesis. This work is a prerequisite for the identification of those physiological traits controlling oyster capacity to survive a Vibrio infection and, subsequently, for a better understanding of the phenomenon of summer mortality