4,605 research outputs found
Quantum Geometrodynamics I: Quantum-Driven Many-Fingered Time
The classical theory of gravity predicts its own demise -- singularities. We
therefore attempt to quantize gravitation, and present here a new approach to
the quantization of gravity wherein the concept of time is derived by imposing
the constraints as expectation-value equations over the true dynamical degrees
of freedom of the gravitational field -- a representation of the underlying
anisotropy of space. This self-consistent approach leads to qualitatively
different predictions than the Dirac and the ADM quantizations, and in
addition, our theory avoids the interpretational conundrums associated with the
problem of time in quantum gravity. We briefly describe the structure of our
functional equations, and apply our quantization technique to two examples so
as to illustrate the basic ideas of our approach.Comment: 11, (No Figures), (Typeset using RevTeX
A Liquid Model Analogue for Black Hole Thermodynamics
We are able to characterize a 2--dimensional classical fluid sharing some of
the same thermodynamic state functions as the Schwarzschild black hole. This
phenomenological correspondence between black holes and fluids is established
by means of the model liquid's pair-correlation function and the two-body
atomic interaction potential. These latter two functions are calculated exactly
in terms of the black hole internal (quasilocal) energy and the isothermal
compressibility. We find the existence of a ``screening" like effect for the
components of the liquid.Comment: 20 pages and 6 Encapsulated PostScript figure
Bogoliubov's Integrals of Motion in Quantum Cosmology and Gravity
Quantum Cosmology and Gravity are formulated here as the primary and
secondary quantizations of the energy constraints by analogy with the
historical formulation of quantum field theory. New fact is that both the
Universe and its matter are created from stable vacuum obtained by the
Bogoliubov-type transformation just as it is in the theory of quantum
superfluid liquid. Such the Quantum Gravity gives us possibility to explain
topical problems of cosmology by the cosmological creation of universes and
particles from vacuum.Comment: 12 pages, Proceedings of the II International Conference on
Superintegrable Systems in Classical and Quantum Mechanics, Dubna, Russia,
June 27 - July 1, 2005 (will be published in Yadernaya Fizika, 2006
Almost-stationary motions and gauge conditions in General Relativity
An almost-stationary gauge condition is proposed with a view to Numerical
Relativity applications. The time lines are defined as the integral curves of
the timelike solutions of the harmonic almost-Killing equation. This vector
equation is derived by a variational principle, by minimizing the deviations
from isometry. The corresponding almost-stationary gauge condition allows one
to put the field equations in hyperbolic form, both in the free-evolution ADM
and in the Z4 formalisms.Comment: Talk presented at the Spanish Relativity Meeting, September 6-10 2005
Revised versio
Statistical Mechanics of Charged Black Holes in Induced Einstein-Maxwell Gravity
The statistical origin of the entropy of charged black holes in models of
induced Einstein-Maxwell gravity is investigated. The constituents inducing the
Einstein-Maxwell action are charged and interact with an external gauge
potential. This new feature, however, does not change divergences of the
statistical-mechanical entropy of the constituents near the horizon. It is
demonstrated that the mechanism of generation of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy
in induced gravity is universal and it is basically the same for charged and
neutral black holes. The concrete computations are carried out for induced
Einstein-Maxwell gravity with a negative cosmological constant in three
space-time dimensions.Comment: 16 pages, latex, no figure
Magellan LDSS3 emission confirmation of galaxies hosting metal-rich Lyman-alpha absorption systems
Using the Low Dispersion Survey Spectrograph 3 at the Magellan II Clay
Telescope, we target {candidate absorption host galaxies} detected in deep
optical imaging {(reaching limiting apparent magnitudes of 23.0-26.5 in and filters) in the fields of three QSOs, each of which shows the
presence of high metallicity, high absorption systems in their
spectra (Q0826-2230: =0.9110, Q1323-0021: ,
Q1436-0051: ). We confirm three host galaxies {at
redshifts 0.7387, 0.7401, and 0.9286} for two of the Lyman- absorption
systems (one with two galaxies interacting). For these systems, we are able to
determine the star formation rates (SFRs); impact parameters (from previous
imaging detections); the velocity shift between the absorption and emission
redshifts; and, for one system, also the emission metallicity.} Based on
previous photometry, we find these galaxies have LL. The [O II]
SFRs for these galaxies are in the range M yr
{(uncorrected for dust)}, while the impact parameters lie in the range
kpc. {Despite the fact that we have confirmed galaxies at 50 kpc from the QSO,
no gradient in metallicity is indicated between the absorption metallicity
along the QSO line of sight and the emission line metallicity in the galaxies.}
We confirm the anti-correlation between impact parameter and from
the literature. We also report the emission redshift of five other galaxies:
three at , and two (LL) at not
corresponding to any known absorption systems.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables, accepted to MNRA
Abundances and Physical Conditions in the Interstellar Gas toward HD 192 639
We present a study of the abundances and physical conditions in the
interstellar gas toward the heavily reddened star HD 192639 [E_(B-V) = 0.64],
based on analysis of FUSE and HST/STIS spectra covering the range from 912 to
1361 A. This work constitutes a survey of the analyses that can be performed to
study the interstellar gas when combining data from different instruments.
Low-velocity (-18 to -8 km/s) components are seen primarily for various neutral
and singly ionized species such as C I, O I, S I, Mg II, Cl I, Cl II, Mn II, Fe
II and Cu II. Numerous lines of H2 are present in the FUSE spectra, with a
kinetic temperature for the lowest rotational levels T_(01) = (90 +/- 10) K.
Analysis of the C I fine-structure excitation implies an average local density
of hydrogen n_H = (16 +/- 3) cm^-3. The average electron density, derived from
five neutral/first ion pairs under the assumption of photoionization
equilibrium, is n_e = (0.11 +/- 0.02) cm^-3. The relatively complex component
structure seen in high-resolution spectra of K I and Na I, the relatively low
average density, and the measured depletions all suggest that the line of sight
contains a number of diffuse clouds, rather than a single dense, translucent
cloud. Comparisons of the fractions of Cl in Cl I and of hydrogen in molecular
form suggest a higher molecular fraction, in the region(s) where H2 is present,
than that derived considering the average line of sight. In general, such
comparisons may allow the identification and characterization of translucent
portions of such complex lines of sight. The combined data also show
high-velocity components near -80 km/s for various species which appear to be
predominantly ionized, and may be due to a radiative shock. A brief overview of
the conditions in this gas will be given.Comment: 37 pages, accepted for publication in Ap
A nonlinear quantum model of the Friedmann universe
A discussion is given of the quantisation of a physical system with finite
degrees of freedom subject to a Hamiltonian constraint by treating time as a
constrained classical variable interacting with an unconstrained quantum state.
This leads to a quantisation scheme that yields a Schrodinger-type equation
which is in general nonlinear in evolution. Nevertheless it is compatible with
a probabilistic interpretation of quantum mechanics and in particular the
construction of a Hilbert space with a Euclidean norm is possible. The new
scheme is applied to the quantisation of a Friedmann Universe with a massive
scalar field whose dynamical behaviour is investigated numerically.Comment: 11 pages of text + 4 pages for 8 figure
The evolution of clustering and bias in the galaxy distribution
This paper reviews the measurements of galaxy correlations at high redshifts,
and discusses how these may be understood in models of hierarchical
gravitational collapse. The clustering of galaxies at redshift one is much
weaker than at present, and this is consistent with the rate of growth of
structure expected in an open universe. If , this observation would
imply that bias increases at high redshift, in conflict with observed
values for known high- clusters. At redshift 3, the population of
Lyman-limit galaxies displays clustering which is of similar amplitude to that
seen today. This is most naturally understood if the Lyman-limit population is
a set of rare recently-formed objects. Knowing both the clustering and the
abundance of these objects, it is possible to deduce empirically the
fluctuation spectrum required on scales which cannot be measured today owing to
gravitational nonlinearities. Of existing physical models for the fluctuation
spectrum, the results are most closely matched by a low-density spatially flat
universe. This conclusion is reinforced by an empirical analysis of CMB
anisotropies, in which the present-day fluctuation spectrum is forced to have
the observed form. Open models are strongly disfavoured, leaving CDM
as the most successful simple model for structure formation.Comment: Invited review at the Royal Society Meeting `Large-scale structure in
the universe', London, March 1998. 20 Pages LaTe
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