Examination of the Microvasculature During Wound Process of the Oral Mucosa when Using Dual-Wavelength Photodynamic Therapy: a Pre-Clinical Experimental Randomized Study

Background. Healing of open wounds in the oral cavity is often accompanied by infection and constant traumatization, which lead to impaired blood supply to the tissues, lack of trophic support and low oxygen supply to increasing proliferative processes. Recently, photodynamic therapy has taken its place among the methods for stimulating regeneration of oral mucosal tissues. The authors consider it essential to study the influence of photodynamic treatment on the functional state of the microvasculature in the wound tissues, which determines the transcapillary exchange and the tissue respiration, providing the tissue regeneration.Objective. To study the photodynamic effect of sequential dual-wavelength radiation on the microvasculature in the wound tissues of the oral mucosa in vivo.Methods. The study was carried out on 36 female outbred Wistar rats, weighing 200–250 g. The animals were divided into two groups: control group (n = 18) and experimental group (n = 18). Wound surfaces healed by secondary intention were modeled on the cheek mucosa of the animals. Dual-wavelength photodynamic therapy was performed in the 1st postoperative day in experimental group. The microcirculatory function was assessed by Doppler flowmetry before, and on days 3, 7 and 14 after wounding. The results were processed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0.0.1 (IBM Inc., USA).Results. It has been established that dual-wavelength photodynamic therapy has a positive effect on the restoration of the microvasculature of the wound tissues. This therapy facilitated bypassing for microcirculatory flow on the 3rd day of the study, and increased the perfusion of tissues on the 7th. The experimental group did not have congestive-ischaemic phenomena in the wound region; the microcirculatory flow was augmented through the microcirculation regulation by the 14th day.Conclusion. Following the obtained results the use of dual-wavelength photodynamic therapy can be considered as a promising method for restoration of the microvasculature of tissues in the oral mucosal trauma

Effect of wood structure geometry during firebrand generation in laboratory scale and semi-field experiments

As the set of experiments result, statistically substantiated data were obtained on the laws of ignition of a model angular structure under conditions of a point source of heat exposure. The use of IR diagnostics made it possible to control the thermal picture in the experimental area, as well as to capture areas of the highest and lowest heating. In the Large Aerosol Chamber of IAO SB RAS, preliminary experiments were carried out on a “firebrand shower” model exposure, which is naturally occurring firebrands (flaming or glowing embers) with some types of construction materials (chipboards). The exposure of the samples to firebrands stream was provided using a firebrand generator of own original design. It was experimentally confirmed that particle size plays a significant role in the ignition of a building structure. If the characteristic particle size, which can be defined as the ratio of its volume to the surface area in contact with the wood, is less than a certain characteristic value, then the ignition mode with a sharp temperature maximum near the phase interface is not fulfilled. This can be explained by the prevailing heat removal into the external environment in comparison with the amount of heat coming from a heat gun and resulting from chemical reactions

Comparative analysis of IgG levels in blood sera from patients with COVID-19, persons vaccinated by «Gam-COVID-Vac» and healthy donors before the pandemic

Introduction. Serum IgG measurement is used in the diagnosis and monitoring of many diseases. Therefore, it seems important to study the impact of coronavirus pandemic on IgG levels in population and the role of this parameter in COVID-19. The aim of this study was to compare mean IgG levels in sera obtained from 31 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 30 healthy donors before pandemic and 34 donors vaccinated with «Sputnik V» (have not had COVID-19). Materials and methods. Total IgG was quantitated by two enzyme immunoassays (EIAs): «IgG Total-ELISA-BEST» kit certificated in Russia and homemade competitive EIA utilizing bispecific monoclonal antibodies (bsAbs) against human IgG (HIgG) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Results and discussion. The groups did not show differences in IgG levels (regardless of sex) with both methods giving comparable results. However, «IgG Total-ELISA-BEST» kit revealed statistically significant differences in mean serum IgG levels in subgroups of male patients depending on the levels of antibodies to viral RBD-antigen: below and above 400 BAU/ml. In the first subgroup (10 men) the mean serum IgG content was 14.3 ± 4.1 mg/mL, while in the second (6 men) — 6.9 ± 2.7 mg/mL. Conclusion. Sera obtained before pandemic contained the same mean IgG concentrations as sera from donors vaccinated with «Sputnik V» and COVID-19 patients. The relatively decreased mean IgG concentration was found only in COVID-19 male patients with anti-RBD antibodies levels above 400 BAU/ml. In light of literature data on association of decreased serum IgG with COVID-19 severity, it would be reasonable to further compare larger groups, taking into account clinical differences. The possibility of using bsAbs for human Ig measurements by competitive EIA was demonstrated

Иммуноглобулин G4-ассоциированное заболевание легких у подростка

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease is a recently recognized systemic immune-mediated condition characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in various organs with IgG4 positive plasma cells. Isolated lung involvement is rare, difficult to diagnose and can mimic primary lung malignancy on imaging. We report the case of an isolated IgG4-related interstitial lung disease in a 16-year-old asymptomatic male adolescent with incidentally found bilateral nodular lesions by chest radiograph. The patient underwent surgical interventions for assumption of malignancy. Serum IgG4 levels was normal. Нistological examination revealed significant lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with lymphoid follicle formation, peribronchial fibrosis, vascular obliteration. Prominent interstitial IgG4 positive plasma cell infiltrate was identified by immunohistochemistry. Isolated IgG4-related lung disease should be taken into account as a possible differential diagnosis of mass-forming lesions, even when no other organ manifestation is clinically apparent at the time of diagnosis.Выделенные недавно иммуноглобулин (Ig) G4-ассоциированные заболевания (IgG4-АЗ) представляют собой иммунозависимое состояние, которое характеризуется инфильтрацией пораженных органов IgG4 позитивными плазматическими клетками. Изолированное вовлечение легких наблюдается редко, при визуализации оно может имитировать злокачественное новообразование и представляет немалые трудности при диагностике. В приведенном клиническом наблюдении продемонстрирован случай изолированного IgG4-АЗ легких у 16-летнего подростка со случайно обнаруженными двусторонними узловыми изменениями на рентгенограмме органов грудной клетки при отсутствии симптомов. В связи с подозрением на злокачественную природу выявленных изменений у пациента выполнены хирургические вмешательства, при этом уровень IgG4 в сыворотке крови был в пределах нормы. Гистологически выявлена значительная лимфоплазмоцитарная инфильтрация с образованием лимфоидных фолликулов, перибронхиальный фиброз, облитерация сосудов. По результатам иммуногистохимического исследования показана инфильтрация интерстиция IgG4-позитивными плазматическими клетками. На основании приведенного клинического наблюдения сделан вывод, что при дифференциальной диагностике и обнаружении нодулярных образований на момент постановки диагноза изолированное IgG4-АЗ легких необходимо рассматривать даже при отсутствии клинических симптомов со стороны других органов

Тяжелый облитерирующий бронхобронхиолит, ассоциированный с синдромом Стивенса–Джонсона

Pulmonary complications in Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS) or toxic epidermal  ecrolysis (TEN) are rare and mostly manifest as broncho bron chiolitis obliterans with poor prognosis. Recently, there is no effective therapy for this condition in patients with SJS / TEN. We described a case of SJS with progressive hypercapnic respiratory failure in 4.5 year boy who died despite an intensive treatment. herefore, lung transplantation should be considered at the early stage of this disease.Легочные осложнения при синдроме Стивенса–Джонсона (ССД) или токсическом эпидермальном некролизе (ТЭН) являются редкостью, представлены в основном облитерирующим бронхитом или бронхиолитом; прогноз при их развитии неблагоприятен. В настоящее время эффективной терапии этих состояний при ССД / ТЭН не существует. Представлен случай развития ССД у мальчика 4,5 лет. Несмотря на интенсивное лечение облитерирующего бронхиолита, ребенок погиб вследствие прогрессирующей гиперкапнической дыхательной недостаточности. Показано, что вопрос о легочной трансплантации должен быть рассмотрен уже на ранней стадии заболевания

Cave spiders choose optimal environmental factors with respect to the generated entropy when laying their cocoon

The choice of a suitable area to spiders where to lay eggs is promoted in terms of Darwinian fitness. Despite its importance, the underlying factors behind this key decision are generally poorly understood. Here, we designed a multidisciplinary study based both on in-field data and laboratory experiments focusing on the European cave spider Meta menardi (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) and aiming at understanding the selective forces driving the female in the choice of the depositional area. Our in-field data analysis demonstrated a major role of air velocity and distance from the cave entrance within a particular cave in driving the female choice. This has been interpreted using a model based on the Entropy Generation Minimization - EGM - method, without invoking best fit parameters and thanks to independent lab experiments, thus demonstrating that the female chooses the depositional area according to minimal level of thermo-fluid-dynamic irreversibility. This methodology may pave the way to a novel approach in understanding evolutionary strategies for other living organisms

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ЕСТЕСТВЕННЫХ РЕГУЛЯТОРНЫХ Т КЛЕТОК И ИХ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОГО МАРКЕРА FOXP3 У ЧАСТО БОЛЕЮЩИХ ДЕТЕЙ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА, ПРОЖИВАЮЩИХ В УСЛОВИЯХ АНТРОПОГЕННОЙ НАГРУЗКИ

The study presents the review of recent literature on microbial resistance in children suffered from reccurent respiratory infaction (RRI). Special aspects of immune system in children with allergy and acute respiratory infection are discussed. We report the description of natural regulatory T lymphocytes subpopulations and their transcription factor FOXP3 in frequently ill children. Dynamic changes in Treg concentration and expression of FOXP3 in groups of healthy, children with RRI and children with combination of RRI and allergy are described. It is proved that in case of allergy despite its aetiology and severity, children have increased concentration of CD4+CD25hi in blood. We suggest that in children with RRI and allergy an insufficient function of Treg is compensated by the increased number of cells and in this case they have a remission of allergy. Treatment of acute allergy by topical or inhaled glucocorticosteriods leads to the increased expression of molecular marker FOXP3 and can be considered as one of their modes of action. В статье представлены современные данные отечественной и зарубежной литературы по проблеме противоинфекционной резистентности часто болеющих детей. Обсуждаются особенности иммунитета при острых респираторных инфекциях у детей с аллергическими заболеваниями. Представлена характеристика субпопуляций естественных регуляторных Т лимфоцитов и их транскрипционного фактора FOXP3 у часто болеющих детей. Описана динамика изменения содержания Treg и экспрессия FOXP3 у здоровых, часто болеющих и часто болеющих детей с аллергией. Установлено, что при аллергических заболеваниях у детей, независимо от их нозологии и тяжести течения, в крови повышено процентное содержание CD4+CD25hi. Высказано предположение, что дефект функции Treg у часто болеющих детей с аллергией полностью или частично компенсируется за счет повышения численности клеток: в этом случае развивается ремиссия аллергического заболевания. Применение местных или ингаляционных глюкокортикостероидов при лечении обострения аллергического заболевания приводит к повышению экспрессии молекулярного маркера FOXP3, что можно рассматривать как один из механизмов их терапевтического действия

Терапия грамотрицательной инфекции в комплексном лечении муковисцидоза

Chronic lung infections are a consequence of the disturbance of mucociliary clearance process in cystic fibrosis. For most patients with cystic fibrosis, chronic lung infection is associated with a poor prognosis. The impact of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection on progressive deterioration of lung function and nutritional status has been established. Timely and effective antibiotic therapy aimed at eradication or control of gram-negative flora affects the duration and quality of life. The purpose of the study. To investigate the safety and efficacy of inhaled administration of sodium colistimethate (Colimistin®). Methods. The study enrolled 42 patients (27 patients aged 5 to 17 years and 15 patients over 18 years) with an established diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, 38 with monoculture of P. aeruginosa or various associations, 4 with Achromobacter spp. culture. Microbial status, external respiratory function, nutritional status, assessment of well-being, adverse reactions, exacerbations, and use of antibiotic therapy during colimistin inhalations were recorded in all patients at baseline and at 3 months. Results. A significant improvement in nutritional status in terms of weight (p < 0.007) and height (p < 0.001) was shown in the general patient group and the children’s group. In the group of children, there was a significant increase in weight (p < 0.034) and height (p < 0.0001). In the group of patients older than 18 years, there was a significant increase in weight (p < 0.045) and BMI three months after therapy (p < 0.013). There were no significant improvements in FVC and FEV1. The treatment efficacy was shown by the assessment of well-being in the general patient group (p < 0.001) and in the children’s group (p < 0.002). No significant difference was found in the adult patient group (p < 0.067). Two patients dropped out of the study due to ADR at the start of therapy. Conclusion. Sodium colistimethate showed efficacy and safety in bronchopulmonary infections caused by P. aeruginosa in monoculture and in association with Achromobacter spp. and may be recommended for use in children and adults with cystic fibrosis.Хроническая инфекция легких (ХИЛ) является следствием нарушения процесса мукоцилиарного очищения при муковисцидозе (МВ). Для большинства пациентов с МВ неблагоприятный прогноз связан с ХИЛ. Доказано влияние хронического инфицирования Pseudomonas aeruginosa на прогрессивное снижение функции легких и нутритивный статус. Своевременная и эффективная антибактериальная терапия (АБТ), направленная на эрадикацию или контроль над грамотрицательной флорой, оказывает влияние на продолжительность и качество жизни. Целью исследования явилось изучение безопасности и эффективности ингаляционного введения колистиметата натрия (торговое наименование Колимистин®). Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены пациенты с установленным диагнозом МВ (n = 42: 27 детей, средний возраст – 12,4 ± 4,5 (5–17) года; 15 взрослых, средний возраст – 22,7 ± 6,3 (19–43) года). Увеличение титра P. aeruginosa в монокультуре или различных ассоциациях выявлено у 38 пациентов, Achromobacter spp. – у 4. На старте терапии и через 3 мес. у всех пациентов проводилась оценка микробного статуса, функции внешнего дыхания (ФВД), нутритивного статуса и оценка самочувствия (в баллах), фиксировались нежелательные побочные реакции (НПР), обострения и применение АБТ при получении ингаляций колистиметата натрия. Результаты. У пациентов общей группы и детей выявлено достоверное улучшение нутритивного статуса по массе тела (р < 0,007) и росту (р < 0,001); у детей также отмечено достоверное увеличение массы тела (р < 0,034) и роста (р < 0,0001). Через 3 мес. терапии у пациентов старше 18 лет зарегистрировано достоверное увеличение массы тела (p < 0,045), также отмечено увеличение индекса массы тела (p < 0,013). Достоверных улучшений форсированной жизненной емкости легких и объема форсированного выдоха за 1-ю секунду по данным ФВД не выявлено. Эффективность терапии у пациентов общей группы (p < 0,001) и детей (p < 0,002) определялась по данным оценки самочувствия. У взрослых пациентов достоверной разницы не выявлено (p < 0,067). На старте терапии 2 пациента прекратили участие в исследовании из-за НПР. Заключение. Продемонстрирована эффективность и безопасность колистиметата натрия при бронхолегочных инфекциях, вызванных P. aeruginosa в монокультуре и в ассоциации с Achromobacter spp. Таким образом, препарат может быть рекомендован для терапии детей и взрослых с МВ

Noise Cancellation: Viral Fine Tuning of the Cellular Environment for Its Own Genome Replication

Productive replication of DNA viruses elicits host cell DNA damage responses, which cause both beneficial and detrimental effects on viral replication. In response to the viral productive replication, host cells attempt to attenuate the S-phase cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activities to inhibit viral replication. However, accumulating evidence regarding interactions between viral factors and cellular signaling molecules indicate that viruses utilize them and selectively block the downstream signaling pathways that lead to attenuation of the high S-phase CDK activities required for viral replication. In this review, we describe the sophisticated strategy of Epstein-Barr virus to cancel such “noisy” host defense signals in order to hijack the cellular environment