The Role of White-rot Fungi in Herbicide Transformation

Understanding herbicide transformation is necessary for pesticide development for their safe and efficient use, as well as for developing pesticide bioremediation strategies for contaminated soil and water. Recent studies persuasively demonstrated the key role of soil white-rot fungi in biotransformation of various anthropogenic environmental contaminants. However, often this common knowledge is not associated with specific metabolic processes of fungi and therefore cannot be transformed into specific recommendations for agricultural practice. The given review offers a systematic collection and analysis of the current knowledge about herbicide transformation by white-rot fungi at the cellular and molecular levels. Special attention is given to the role of oxidative enzymes such as laccases, lignin peroxidases, and manganese peroxidases in the biotransformation processes

Formation of Adherent Negative Assessment of Media Neologisms

The features of the formation of an adherent negative assessment of neologism on the material of the headlines of electronic media are considered. The results of structural-semantic, contextual and pragmatic analysis of media neologisms expressing an adherent negative assessment are presented. The analysis of the main methods of forming an adherent negative assessment of neologisms under the influence of narrow (title context) and wide (context of an integral media product) verbal contexts, as well as under the influence of extra-linguistic conditions of use (communicative-pragmatic settings of the author, features of the subject of evaluation, specificity of the value system). It is concluded that the adherent negative evaluation of the neologisms is formed in the context due to the updating and intensification of the negative evaluation components of the semantics of the producing word, at the same time, due to the conditions of use, it is possible to de-intensify the estimated semantics of the structural components of the neologism, up to the neutralization of the evaluation of the neologism, as well as reversal (change of sign) of the assessment from positive to negative. Cases of the formation of adherent negative evaluation semantics in neologisms created on the basis of evaluation-neutral components are also analyzed. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of applying its results in journalistic practice, as well as in the practice of teaching university courses in morphemic, lexicology and special courses on the study of the language of the media, pragmalinguistics

Crystallization kinetics of Al86Ni8Gd6 amorphous alloy

We study structure and crystallization kinetics of melt-spun Al 86Ni8Gd6 amorphous alloy. The X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy detect pronounced nanoscale clusters in the structure of the amorphous state. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis shows complex three-stage crystallization of the amorphous alloy at different heating rates. The high temperature X-ray diffraction analysis reveals crystallization mechanism with competing reactions of intermetallic compounds formation. Summarizing the experimental data, we introduce multiversion non-linear kinetic model that describes the crystallization process completely and allows us to determine kinetic parameters with high accuracy. The activation energies obtained reveal relatively stable amorphous state. © 2013 Elsevier B.V

Online Climate-Irrigation System

Information technologies are more and more introduced into our life. They are also applied in agriculture under the growing conditions of this industry. It is especially important to manage agricultural processes influenced by rapid changes of climate, limitation of various resources. To overcome diverse uncertainty, it is efficient to use information technologies providing forecast information for high-quality management. The developed online system allows optimizing the economic activity on irrigated lands under the changing climate. Its distinctive feature is the scope of coverage of a considerable territory of the European part of Russia and duration of meteorological observations

Impedimetric determination of kanamycin in milk with aptasensor based on carbon black‐oligolactide composite

The determination of antibiotics in food is important due to their negative effect on human health related to antimicrobial resistance problem, renal toxicity, and allergic effects. We propose an impedimetric aptasensor for the determination of kanamycin A (KANA), which was assembled on the glassy carbon electrode by the deposition of carbon black in a chitosan matrix followed by carbodiimide binding of aminated aptamer mixed with oligolactide derivative of thiacalix[4]arene in a cone configuration. The assembling was monitored by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. In the presence of the KANA, the charge transfer resistance of the inner interface surprisingly decreased with the analyte concentration within 0.7 and 50 nM (limit of detection 0.3 nM). This was attributed to the partial shielding of the negative charge of the aptamer and of its support, a highly porous 3D structure of the surface layer caused by a macrocyclic core of the carrier. The use of electrostatic assembling in the presence of cationic polyelectrolyte decreased tenfold the detectable concentration of KANA. The aptasensor was successfully tested in the determination of KANA in spiked milk and yogurt with recoveries within 95% and 115%. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 16‐13‐000051/0419/20Funding: I.S. acknowledges financial support from the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 16‐13‐00005) in the synthesis and application in the biosensor platform of the oligolactides bearing thiacalix[4]arene fragments. T.H. acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program underthe Marie Sklodowska‐Curie grant agreement no. 690898 and from the Science Grant Agency VEGA, project No.1/0419/20

Поиск бизнес-информации в электронных информационных системах российских библиотек

The author continues with her study initially presented in the article “The possibilities of information search in electronic platforms of Russian libraries” (A. V. Kulikova. The possibilities of information search in electronic platforms of russian libraries // The Journal of Encyclopaedic Studies. – 2019. – No 2. – P. 30–52). She demonstrates the methods to be applied for business information search related to local encyclopaedic book publications and identifies the principles to find recent publications promptly and to satisfy user demands most effectively. The bibliographic search success depends upon how the user understands the system. Optimum query formulation saves time and excludes information noise. The key characteristics of library digital information retrieval systems are discussed. The computer systems of 113 regional libraries were analyzed within the study. The following automated library information were tested objectively: IRBIS, RUSLAN, OPAC-Global, Foliant, MacWeb. The author does not intend to advertise or subvertise any ALIS. Her main goal is to reveal the convenient and speedy retrieval methods with existing functionalities.Представлено продолжение авторского исследования, первые материалы которого изложены в статье «О возможностях информационного поиска на электронных платформах российских библиотек» (Куликова А. В. О возможностях информационного поиска на электронных платформах библиотек // Вопр. энциклопедистики. – 2019. – No 2. – С. 30–52). Показаны приёмы, которые целесообразно применять во время поиска бизнес-информации, связанной с краеведческим энциклопедическим книгоизданием. Раскрыты принципы, позволяющие за короткий промежуток времени выявить издания последних лет и максимально полно удовлетворить запрос пользователя. Успешность библиографического поиска зависит от понимания пользователем той системы, с которой он работает. Оптимальное формулирование поискового запроса позволяет экономить время и избегать информационного шума. Автор приводит основные характеристики электронных информационно-поисковых систем библиотек. Исследование проводилось по электронным системам 113 региональных библиотек. Объективно протестированы следующие автоматизированные библиотечно-информационные системы: ИРБИС, РУСЛАН, OPAC-Global, «Фолиант», MacWeb. Автор не преследовал цель сделать рекламу или антирекламу какой-либо из АБИС. Основная предпосылка для развития этой темы – выявление удобных способов быстрого поиска с использованием имеющихся возможностей систем

Российские регионоведческие справочные ресурсы (по материалам исследований автора)

The operating features of the RF regional reference resources are examined; their advancement and place within the flow of sci-tech publications are discussed. During the recent two decades, the new trends emerged: stable interest toward science reference publications in regional studies; publishing of proprietary, subject, thematic and digital reference works in the regions. Initially, these works were prepared by large (republican, regional, municipal) libraries. AS the most recent trend, these publications has been covering the minor territories (district, small town, village). Today many minor Russian libraries promote regional sci-tech information (primarily collapsed, generalized, reference information). The author participates in the project “The regional encyclopedias of Russia” promoted by the Russian National Library. In fact, this is the bibliographic index within the segment of reference resources, namely, science encyclopedias in regional studies (http://nlr.ru/res/epubl/rue/content.html). The resource is supplemented with additional lists comprising other types of reference literature (toponymical, administrative-territorial, biographical and other regional scientific reference publications). It is interesting to analyze these publications from the viewpoint of current innovative processes. The author attempts to formulate the concept of “reference resources in regional studies”, to divide them into a segment within the array of the regional reference sources, to specify the generation principles and problems of functioning, to demonstrate the demand for these publications in modern communities.Рассмотрены особенности функционирования региональных справочных ресурсов Российской Федерации. Показано, как развивается региональная справочная литература, обозначено ее место в потоке научных и технических изданий. В последние два десятилетия наметились новые тенденции: возник устойчивый интерес к научным справочным регионоведческим изданиям, появились авторские, а также тематические и электронные справочные публикации в регионах. Поначалу такие работы выполнялись в крупных (республиканских, областных, городских) библиотеках. В последнее время публикации охватывают менее масштабные территории (район, поселок, деревня). В продвижение научной и технической информации регионального характера (в первую очередь – свернутой, обобщающей, справочной) вовлечены российские библиотеки. Автор статьи – один из участников проекта Российской национальной библиотеки «Региональные энциклопедии России». По сути это библиографический указатель одного из сегментов справочных ресурсов – регионоведческих научных энциклопедий (http://nlr.ru/res/epubl/rue/content. html). Ресурс снабжен дополнительными списками, представляющими и другие виды справочной литературы (топонимические, административно-терри­ториальные, биографические и другие региональные научные справочники). Исследование этих изданий интересно с точки зрения современных инновационных процессов. Автор попыталась сформулировать понятие «регионоведческие справочные ресурсы», сегментировать эти ресурсы из массива краеведческих справочных, назвать их основные принципы и проблемы функционирования, показать востребованность в современном обществе