Pulsational instability of yellow hypergiants

Instability of population I (X=0.7, Y=0.02) massive stars against radial oscillations during the post-main sequence gravitational contraction of the helium core is investigated. Initial stellar masses are in the range from 65M_\odot to 90M_\odot. In hydrodynamic computations of self-exciting stellar oscillations we assumed that energy transfer in the envelope of the pulsating star is due to radiative heat conduction and convection. The convective heat transfer was treated in the framework of the theory of time-dependent turbulent convection. During evolutionary expansion of outer layers after hydrogen exhaustion in the stellar core the star is shown to be unstable against radial oscillations while its effective temperature is Teff > 6700K for Mzams=65M_\odot and Teff > 7200K for mzams=90M_\odot. Pulsational instability is due to the \kappa-mechanism in helium ionization zones and at lower effective temperature oscillations decay because of significantly increasing convection. The upper limit of the period of radial pulsations on this stage of evolution does not exceed 200 day. Radial oscillations of the hypergiant resume during evolutionary contraction of outer layers when the effective temperature is Teff > 7300K for Mzams=65M_\odot and Teff > 7600K for Mzams=90M_\odot. Initially radial oscillations are due to instability of the first overtone and transition to fundamental mode pulsations takes place at higher effective temperatures (Teff > 7700K for Mzams=65M_\odot and Teff > 8200K for Mzams=90M_\odot). The upper limit of the period of radial oscillations of evolving blueward yellow hypergiants does not exceed 130 day. Thus, yellow hypergiants are stable against radial stellar pulsations during the major part of their evolutionary stage.Comment: 20 pages, 7 gigures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy Letter

ДОСВІД ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ КЛАСТЕРІВ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТУ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ

It is shown in the article that within the territory for which the set of limited resources is characteristic, objectively there are groups of the cluster educations including both uniform and specific enterprises. It demands specification of separate provisions of the cluster theory of Porter. On the basis of synthesis of foreign experience authors made conclusions about possibility of its adaptation to conditions of Ukraine. В статье показано, что в пределах территории, для которой характерен набор ограниченных ресурсов, объективно существуют группы кластерных образований, включающих как однородные, так и специфические предприятия. Это требует уточнения отдельных положений кластерной теории Портера. На основе обобщения зарубежного опыта авторами сделаны выводы относительно возможности его адаптации к условиям Украины.  Устаттіпоказано, щовмежахтериторії, дляякоїхарактернийнабіробмеженихресурсів, об'єктивноіснуютьгрупикластернихутворень, щовключаютьякоднорідні, такіспецифічніпідприємства. Це вимагає уточнення окремих положень кластерної теорії Портера. На основі узагальнення зарубіжного досвіду авторами зроблені виводи відносно можливості його адаптації до умов України

Instability of LBV-stars against radial oscillations

In this study we consider the nonlinear radial oscillations exciting in LBV--stars with effective temperatures 1.5e4 K <= Teff <= 3e4 K, bolometric luminosities 1.2e6 L_odot <= L <= 1.9e6 L_odot and masses 35.7 M_odot <= M <= 49.1 M_odot. Hydrodynamic computations were carried out with initial conditions obtained from evolutionary sequences of population I stars (X=0.7, Z=0.02) with initial masses from 70M_odot to 90 M_odot. All hydrodynamical models show instability against radial oscillations with amplitude growth time comparable with dynamical time scale of the star. Radial oscillations exist in the form of nonlinear running waves propagating from the boundary of the compact core to the upper boundary of the hydrodynamical model. The velocity amplitude of outer layers is of several hundreds of km/s while the bolometric light amplitude does not exceed 0.2 mag. Stellar oscillations are not driven by the kappa-mechanism and are due to the instability of the gas with adiabatic exponent close to the critical value Gamma_1 = 4/3 due to the large contribution of radiation in the total pressure. The range of the light variation periods (6 day <= P <= 31 day) of hydrodynamical models agrees with periods of microvariability observed in LBV--stars.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Astronomy Letter

Biological Impact of γ-Fe2O3 Magnetic Nanoparticles Obtained by Laser Target Evaporation: Focus on Magnetic Biosensor Applications

The biological activity of γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), obtained by the laser target evaporation technique, was studied, with a focus on their possible use in biosensor applications. The biological effect of the MNPs was investigated in vitro on the primary cultures of human dermal fibroblasts. The effects of the MNPs contained in culture medium or MNPs already uptaken by cells were evaluated for the cases of the fibroblast’s proliferation and secretion of cytokines and collagen. For the tests related to the contribution of the constant magnetic field to the biological activity of MNPs, a magnetic system for the creation of the external magnetic field (having no commercial analogues) was designed, calibrated, and used. It was adapted to the size of standard 24-well cell culture plates. At low concentrations of MNPs, uptake by fibroblasts had stimulated their proliferation. Extracellular MNPs stimulated the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) or chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8)) in a concentration-dependent manner. However, the presence of MNPs did not increase the collagen secretion. The exposure to the uniform constant magnetic field (H ≈ 630 or 320 Oe), oriented in the plane of the well, did not cause considerable changes in fibroblasts proliferation and secretion, regardless of presence of MNPs. Statistically significant differences were detected only in the levels of IL-8/CXCL8 release.The study was supported by the program of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (project 121032300335-1). This work was financially supported, in part, by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the RF (grant FEUZ-2020-0051) (G.Yu. Melnikov) and University of the Basque Country Research Groups Funding (grant IT1245-19) (G.V. Kurlyandskaya)

Radiation Hardness of Thin Low Gain Avalanche Detectors

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) are based on a n++-p+-p-p++ structure where an appropriate doping of the multiplication layer (p+) leads to high enough electric fields for impact ionization. Gain factors of few tens in charge significantly improve the resolution of timing measurements, particularly for thin detectors, where the timing performance was shown to be limited by Landau fluctuations. The main obstacle for their operation is the decrease of gain with irradiation, attributed to effective acceptor removal in the gain layer. Sets of thin sensors were produced by two different producers on different substrates, with different gain layer doping profiles and thicknesses (45, 50 and 80 um). Their performance in terms of gain/collected charge and leakage current was compared before and after irradiation with neutrons and pions up to the equivalent fluences of 5e15 cm-2. Transient Current Technique and charge collection measurements with LHC speed electronics were employed to characterize the detectors. The thin LGAD sensors were shown to perform much better than sensors of standard thickness (~300 um) and offer larger charge collection with respect to detectors without gain layer for fluences <2e15 cm-2. Larger initial gain prolongs the beneficial performance of LGADs. Pions were found to be more damaging than neutrons at the same equivalent fluence, while no significant difference was found between different producers. At very high fluences and bias voltages the gain appears due to deep acceptors in the bulk, hence also in thin standard detectors

The Cleo III Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detector

The CLEO detector has been upgraded to include a state of the art particle identification system, based on the Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detector (RICH) technology, in order to take data at the upgraded CESR electron positron collider. The expected performance is reviewed, as well as the preliminary results from an engineering run during the first few months of operation of the CLEO III detector.Comment: 5 pages, 2 Figures Talk given by M. Artuso at 8th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors, May 200

Recent Technological Developments on LGAD and iLGAD Detectors for Tracking and Timing Applications

This paper reports the last technological development on the Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) and introduces a new architecture of these detectors called inverse-LGAD (iLGAD). Both approaches are based on the standard Avalanche Photo Diodes (APD) concept, commonly used in optical and X-ray detection applications, including an internal multiplication of the charge generated by radiation. The multiplication is inherent to the basic n++-p+-p structure, where the doping profile of the p+ layer is optimized to achieve high field and high impact ionization at the junction. The LGAD structures are optimized for applications such as tracking or timing detectors for high energy physics experiments or medical applications where time resolution lower than 30 ps is required. Detailed TCAD device simulations together with the electrical and charge collection measurements are presented through this work.Comment: Keywords: silicon detectors, avalanche multiplication, timing detectors, tracking detectors. 8 pages. 8 Figure

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРОГРАММЫ ProCast ДЛЯ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ПРОЦЕССА ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ОТЛИВОК ИЗ СПЛАВА TNM-B1 НА ОСНОВЕ АЛЮМИНИДА ТИТАНА ЛИТЬЕМ В КЕРАМИЧЕСКИЕ ФОРМЫ

The opportunity to simulate the process of titanium aluminide based TNM-B1 alloy casting production according to ProCast program is considered. Comparison of crystallization parameters obtained by means of ProCast and Thermo-Calc thermo-dynamic bases is made. The alloys available in ProCast base are shown to be more preferable for simulation. An estimation of conditional fluidity for different versions of TNM-B1 alloy composition is made; and it is shown that alloys should be alloyed by upper limit of admissible concentrations for reaching its maximum values. The material of a casting mold named «Corundum ceramics» (NITU «MISiS», Moscow) is proposed, the properties of which are distinct from those available in the base of ProCast foundry process computer simulation system.Рассмотрена возможность моделирования процесса получения отливок из сплава TNM-B1 на основе алюминида титана в программе ProCast. Проведено сравнение параметров кристаллизации, получаемых с помощью термодинамических баз ProCast и Thermo-Calc. Показано, что для моделирования предпочтительнее использовать сплавы, имеющиеся в базе ProCast. Для различных вариантов состава сплава TNM-B1 проведена оценка условной жидкотекучести и показано, что для достижения ее максимальных значений необходимо легировать сплавы по верхнему пределу допустимых концентраций. Предложен материал литейной формы, названный «Корундовая керамика» (НИТУ «МИСиС», г. Москва), свойства которого отличны от имеющихся в базе системы компьютерного моделирования литейных процессов ProCast