Baryon Masses in Partially Quenched Heavy Hadron Chiral Perturbation Theory

The masses of baryons containing a heavy quark are calculated to next-to-leading order in partially quenched heavy hadron chiral perturbation theory. Calculations are performed for three light flavors in the isospin limit and additionally for two light non-degenerate flavors. The results presented are necessary for extrapolating lattice QCD and partially quenched lattice QCD calculations of the heavy hadron masses.Comment: 20 pages, 2 figures, RevTex

Compressible Sub-Alfvenic MHD turbulence in Low-beta Plasmas

We present a model for compressible sub-Alfvenic isothermal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence in low-beta plasmas and numerically test it. We separate MHD fluctuations into 3 distinct families - Alfven, slow, and fast modes. We find that, production of slow and fast modes by Alfvenic turbulence is suppressed. As a result, Alfven modes in compressible regime exhibit scalings and anisotropy similar to those in incompressible regime. Slow modes passively mimic Alfven modes. However, fast modes show isotropy and a scaling similar to acoustic turbulence.Comment: 4 pages, 8 figures, Phys. Rev. Lett., in pres

Wilsonian effective action for SU(2) Yang-Mills theory with Cho-Faddeev-Niemi-Shabanov decomposition

The Cho-Faddeev-Niemi-Shabanov decomposition of the SU(2) Yang-Mills field is employed for the calculation of the corresponding Wilsonian effective action to one-loop order with covariant gauge fixing. The generation of a mass scale is observed, and the flow of the marginal couplings is studied. Our results indicate that higher-derivative terms of the color-unit-vector $\mathbf{n}$ field are necessary for the description of topologically stable knotlike solitons which have been conjectured to be the large-distance degrees of freedom.Comment: 15 pages, no figures, v2: minor improvements, one reference added, version to appear in PR

Weyl group, CP and the kink-like field configurations in the effective SU(3) gauge theory

Effective Lagrangian for pure Yang-Mills gauge fields invariant under the standard space-time and local gauge SU(3) transformations is considered. It is demonstrated that a set of twelve degenerated minima exists as soon as a nonzero gluon condensate is postulated. The minima are connected to each other by the parity transformations and Weyl group transformations associated with the color su(3) algebra. The presence of degenerated discrete minima in the effective potential leads to the solutions of the effective Euclidean equations of motion in the form of the kink-like gauge field configurations interpolating between different minima. Spectrum of charged scalar field in the kink background is discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure, added references for sections 1 and

Single-shot optical conductivity measurement of dense aluminum plasmas

The optical conductivity of a dense femtosecond laser-heated aluminum plasma heated to 0.1-1.5 eV was measured using frequency-domain interferometry with chirped pulses, permitting simultaneous observation of optical probe reflectivity and probe pulse phase shift. Coupled with published models of bound-electron contributions to the conductivity, these two independent experimental data yielded a direct measurement of both real and imaginary components of the plasma conductivity.DOE National Nuclear Security Administration DE-FC52-03NA00156Physic

Theoretical framework of entangled-photon generation from biexcitons in nano-to-bulk crossover regime with planar geometry

We have constructed a theoretical framework of the biexciton-resonant hyperparametric scattering for the pursuit of high-power and high-quality generation of entangled photon pairs. Our framework is applicable to nano-to-bulk crossover regime where the center-of-mass motion of excitons and biexcitons is confined. Material surroundings and the polarization correlation of generated photons can be considered. We have analyzed the entangled-photon generation from CuCl film, by which ultraviolet entangled-photon pairs are generated, and from dielectric microcavity embedding a CuCl layer. We have revealed that in the nano-to-bulk crossover regime we generally get a high performance from the viewpoint of statistical accuracy, and the generation efficiency can be enhanced by the optical cavity with maintaining the high performance. The nano-to-bulk crossover regime has a variety of degrees of freedom to tune the entangled-photon generation, and the scattering spectra explicitly reflect quantized exciton-photon coupled modes in the finite structure.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figure

Demonstrating the model nature of the high-temperature superconductor HgBa2_2CuO4+Δ_{4+\Delta}

The compound HgBa$_2$CuO$_{4+\Delta}$ (Hg1201) exhibits a simple tetragonal crystal structure and the highest superconducting transition temperature (T$_c$) among all single Cu-O layer cuprates, with T$_c$ = 97 K (onset) at optimal doping. Due to a lack of sizable single crystals, experimental work on this very attractive system has been significantly limited. Thanks to a recent breakthrough in crystal growth, such crystals have now become available. Here, we demonstrate that it is possible to identify suitable heat treatment conditions to systematically and uniformly tune the hole concentration of Hg1201 crystals over a wide range, from very underdoped (T$_c$ = 47 K, hole concentration p ~ 0.08) to overdoped (T$_c$ = 64 K, p ~ 0.22). We then present quantitative magnetic susceptibility and DC charge transport results that reveal the very high-quality nature of the studied crystals. Using XPS on cleaved samples, we furthermore demonstrate that it is possible to obtain large surfaces of good quality. These characterization measurements demonstrate that Hg1201 should be viewed as a model high-temperature superconductor, and they provide the foundation for extensive future experimental work.Comment: 15 pages, 6 Figure

Magnetic Moments of Heavy Baryons

First non-trivial chiral corrections to the magnetic moments of triplet (T) and sextet (S^(*)) heavy baryons are calculated using Heavy Hadron Chiral Perturbation Theory. Since magnetic moments of the T-hadrons vanish in the limit of infinite heavy quark mass (m_Q->infinity), these corrections occur at order O(1/(m_Q \Lambda_\chi^2)) for T-baryons while for S^(*)-baryons they are of order O(1/\Lambda_\chi^2). The renormalization of the chiral loops is discussed and relations among the magnetic moments of different hadrons are provided. Previous results for T-baryons are revised.Comment: 11 Latex pages, 2 figures, to be published in Phys.Rev.

Geometrical properties of the trans-spherical solutions in higher dimensions

We investigate the geometrical properties of static vacuum $p$-brane solutions of Einstein gravity in $D=n+p+3$ dimensions, which have spherical symmetry of $S^{n+1}$ orthogonal to the $p$-directions and are invariant under the translation along them. % The solutions are characterized by mass density and $p$ tension densities. % The causal structure of the higher dimensional solutions is essentially the same as that of the five dimensional ones. Namely, a naked singularity appears for most solutions except for the Schwarzschild black $p$-brane and the Kaluza-Klein bubble. % We show that some important geometric properties such as the area of $S^{n+1}$ and the total spatial volume are characterized only by the three parameters such as the mass density, the sum of tension densities and the sum of tension density squares rather than individual tension densities. These geometric properties are analyzed in detail in this parameter space and are compared with those of 5-dimensional case.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures, Title change