Methodological Investigations on a Neuropteroidea Community

The same Neuropteroidea community was collected and studied in Hungary in the years 1991 and 1992 by using different trapping techniques: a) Malaise trap, b) suction trap, c) yellow pan trap and d) light trap. The studies aimed to compare the different sampling methods for individual species, families and for the whole Neuropteroidea community. In case the whole Neuropteroidea community the trapped individual numbers collected by the suction trap surpassed all other trap types. Relatively high numbers of Neuropteroidea could be collected both by light trap and Malaise traps. The yellow pan traps did not succeed in catching large enough samples neither from point of view of sample size nor from species richness. According to the number of species collected there were not discovered any big difference between the catches of suction trap, Malaise traps and light trap. By evaluating according to families it was stated that in case of the family Raphidiidae the Malaise trap yielded larger and more diverse samples than any other methods; however by increasing the number of yellow pan traps it is possible to augment the number of caught individuals. The suction traps were found very satisfactory in collecting members of the family Coniopterygidae. For the members of the families Hemerobiidae and Chrysopidae both the suction traps and light traps were found effective, although suction traps were more successful in collecting Chrysopidae species. Similarly, by evaluating the data according to individual species it was found that the Malaise traps tended to “under-represent” species belonging to Hemerobius humulinus, Hemerobius Lutescens, Chrysopa pallens and the ones belonging to Chrysoperla carnea complex compared to the suction trap. The opposing situation was perceived with Micromus lanosus and Chrysopa perla. Similarly – compared to suction trap – the light trap significantly “under-represented” the species Hemerobius humulinus, Hemerobius lutescens, Chrysopa pallens, Chrysoperla carnea and Dichochrysa prasina and “over-represented” Micromus angulatus, Sympherobius pygmaeus and Chrysopa phyllochroma. The diversity of Neuropteroidea collected by Malaise trap and light trap surpassed significantly the one of suction trap and yellow pan traps. The assemblages collected by different sampling methods showed some overlapping, but differed in their characters

Study of Neuropteroidea (Raphidioptera, Neuroptera) Communities by Using Malaise Traps in an Untreated Orchard and its Environment

Neuropteroidea communities were studied near Budapest (Nagykovácsi) in an abandoned, mixed orchard and its neighbouring environment: a shrub community without a closed canopy; a shrub level of the canopied oak forest by using Malaise traps. In the open shrub verge of the orchard larger, and in the oak forest more diverse Neuropteroidea community developed than in the other investigated habitats. The Neuropteroidea communities studied did not show stable compositions in the investigated habitats and years. By studying the linkage conditions of different species to different habitats, it was established that Hypochrysa elegans was strongly bound to the shrub level of the closed oak forest. Besides that, both in the shrub level and in the open forest edge, the species Micromus lanosus, Micromus angulatus, Hemerobius micans, Hemerobius lutescens and Hemerobius humulinus were found with higher density. The species Dichrostigma flavipes, Chrysopa formosa, Chrysopa perla, Xanthostigma xanthostigma, Chrysoperla carnea and Dichochrysa prasina occurred in all three habitats, thus they have to be regarded as habitat generalists. By passing beyond these tendencies Dichrostigma flavipes, Chrysopa formosa and Chrysopa perla seemed to be more attached to the shrubby edge

Early life environment and adult enrichment: Effects on fearfulness in laying hens

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Dental caries, oral hygiene status and treatment needs of fishermen and non-fishermen population in South Goa, India

Background: Occupation plays a major role in the well-being of an individual and has an influence on oralhealth. Fishing is one such occupation that entails a lot of physical labour and encourages habits thatlead to poor oral health. Therefore, it is critical to shed light on the oral health of this isolated populationto improve their quality of life by various means. The aim of the study was to assess and compare theprevalence of dental caries, oral hygiene status and treatment needs of fisherman and non-fishermanpopulation in South Goa, India.Materials and methods: Study design was cross-sectional in nature. After a pilot study, multi-stage randomsampling technique was employed and 400 study participants were recruited. World Health OrganizationOral Health Assessment Form (1997) and Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) were used to record thestudy variables. Inter-examiner reliability assessed using Kappa statistics were found to be 90% and 88%,respectively. The data was analysed using descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test,Kruskal-Wallis test, and linear and logistic regression analysis.Results: Fishermen had significantly higher caries prevalence (82%) and poor oral hygiene (46%) than non--fishermen. Extraction (42.2%) and pulp care (23.6%) were the highest treatment need among fishermen.They were 2.08 times more prone to dental caries than non-fishermen. Fishermen who used a toothbrushwere 4.5 times less susceptible to caries. The dependence of caries prevalence and OHI-S score on occupation,oral hygiene aid and age were 14% and 25.8%, respectively.Conclusions: Fishermen in South Goa had high caries prevalence, poor oral hygiene status and they requiredextensive dental treatment when compared to non-fishermen

Saturation of optical absorption in CdS single crystals

The absorption saturation of CdS single crystals was investigated in the Urbach region. It was shown that the threshold behaviour of the absorption coefficient is caused by recharging of the shallow acceptors, and the absorption edge has exponential character both at low and high pumping intensities. The calculation method of nonlinear transmission dependencies was proposed. Using the known formulae one can minimize the value of root mean square deviation of the measured data from the calculated ones in the whole region of the light intensities

Dommages forestiers et pollution à l'ozone dans les réserves naturelles : le cas de l'arolle dans le sud-est de la France -

En région méditerranéenne, dans le Sud-Est de la France, de fortes concentrations en ozone sont mesurées depuis de nombreuses années et les valeurs d'AOT 40 dépassent régulièrement les seuils européens de protection de la végétation et de la forêt. Parallèlement, des symptômes d'ozone spécifiques (mottling) ont été observés sur les aiguilles des conifères, en particulier sur l'arolle (Pinus cembra) entre 2006 et 2008. Une corrélation entre les atteintes spécifiques sur les aiguilles âgées d'un et deux ans et les concentrations en ozone a été mise en évidence. Certains échantillons foliaires, reproduits en chambre de fumigation, ont été soumis à une analyse microscopique pour évaluer l'impact de l'ozone au niveau cellulaire. Une étude de dispersion des oxydes d'azote a été réalisée dans le département des Alpes-Maritimes afin d'expliquer l'origine de l'ozone mesurée en altitud