On a possibility to construct gauge invariant quantum formulation for non-gauge classical theory

A non-gauge dynamical system depending on parameters is considered. It is shown that these parameters can have such values that corresponding canonically quantized theory will be gauge invariant. The equations allowing to find these values of parameters are derived. The prescription under consideration is applied to obtaining the equation of motion for tachyon background field in closed bosonic string theory.Comment: 19 pages, LaTeX file, minor mistakes correcte

Фибриновые технологии в ускорении регенерации поврежденной кости в эксперименте

The processes of regeneration of the damaged rat bottom jaw bone after application of enriched platelets a fibrin clot were studied by morphological and radiovisiographic methods. After operation with use of fibrin technologies already after 1 week the bone tissue defect is filled by the merged islets of again generated bone. By second week after fibrin use the further formation of bone tissue in defect and formation of a bone callosity is noted.Морфологическими и радиовизиографическими методами изучали процессы регенерации поврежденного участка кости нижней челюсти крыс после заполнения дефекта костной ткани обогащенным тромбоцитами фибриновым сгустком. После операции с применением фибриновых технологий уже спустя 1 нед весь дефект костной ткани заполнен слившимися островками вновь сформированной кости. Ко 2-й нед отмечено дальнейшее замещение дефекта костной тканью и формирование костной мозоли

Effects of alpha fetoprotein on escape of Bel 7402 cells from attack of lymphocytes

BACKGROUND: Involvement of AFP against apoptosis of tumor cell has been implicated in its evasion of immune surveillance. However, the molecular events of immune escape mechanisms are still unknown. The major observations reported here relate to a possible mechanism by which heptoloma Bel 7402 cells escape immune surveillance in vitro. METHODS: Western blotting and a well-characterized cofocal scanning image were performed to analyze the expression of Fas/FasL and caspase-3 in co-cultured Bel 7402 and Jurkat cells. RESULTS: After co-culture with Jurkat cells, up-regulated Fas and reduced FasL expression could be observed. Treatment with AFP could remarkably inhibit the elevated Fas and, whereas, induce the FasL expression in co-cultured Bel 7402 cells. Cells co-culture could induce the expression of caspase-3 in both cells line. The elevated caspase-3 in Bel 7402 cells was abolished following the treatment of AFP. The expression of caspase-3 was elevated in co-cultured Jurkat cells treated with AFP. No detectable change on the expression of survivin was examined in both cells line. Monoclonal antibody against AFP treatment alone did not obviously influence the growth of cells, as well as the expression of Fas/FasL and caspase-3. However, the effect of AFP could be blocked by antibody. CONCLUSIONS: our results provide evidence that AFP could promote the escape of liver cancer cells from immune surveillance through blocking the caspase signal pathway of tumor cells and triggering the Fas/FasL interaction between tumor cells and lymphocytes

The Acute Phase Protein Ceruloplasmin as a Non-Invasive Marker of Pseudopregnancy, Pregnancy, and Pregnancy Loss in the Giant Panda

After ovulation, non-pregnant female giant pandas experience pseudopregnancy. During pseudopregnancy, non-pregnant females exhibit physiological and behavioral changes similar to pregnancy. Monitoring hormonal patterns that are usually different in pregnant mammals are not effective at determining pregnancy status in many animals that undergo pseudopregnancy, including the giant panda. Therefore, a physiological test to distinguish between pregnancy and pseudopregnancy in pandas has eluded scientists for decades. We examined other potential markers of pregnancy and found that activity of the acute phase protein ceruloplasmin increases in urine of giant pandas in response to pregnancy. Results indicate that in term pregnancies, levels of active urinary ceruloplasmin were elevated the first week of pregnancy and remain elevated until 20–24 days prior to parturition, while no increase was observed during the luteal phase in known pseudopregnancies. Active ceruloplasmin also increased during ultrasound-confirmed lost pregnancies; however, the pattern was different compared to term pregnancies, particularly during the late luteal phase. In four out of the five additional reproductive cycles included in the current study where females were bred but no birth occurred, active ceruloplasmin in urine increased during the luteal phase. Similar to the known lost pregnancies, the temporal pattern of change in urinary ceruloplasmin during the luteal phase deviated from the term pregnancies suggesting that these cycles may have also been lost pregnancies. Among giant pandas in captivity, it has been presumed that there is a high rate of pregnancy loss and our results are the first to provide evidence supporting this notion

Oxygen tension regulates the miRNA profile and bioactivity of exosomes released from extravillous trophoblast cells - liquid biopsies for monitoring complications of pregnancy

Our understanding of how cells communicate has undergone a paradigm shift since the recent recognition of the role of exosomes in intercellular signaling. In this study, we investigated whether oxygen tension alters the exosome release and miRNA profile from extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells, modifying their bioactivity on endothelial cells (EC). Furthermore, we have established the exosomal miRNA profile at early gestation in women who develop pre-eclampsia (PE) and spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB). HTR-8/SVneo cells were used as an EVT model. The effect of oxygen tension (i.e. 8% and 1% oxygen) on exosome release was quantified using nanocrystals (Qdot®) coupled to CD63 by fluorescence NTA. A real-time, live-cell imaging system (Incucyte™) was used to establish the effect of exosomes on EC. Plasma samples were obtained at early gestation (<18 weeks) and classified according to pregnancy outcomes. An Illumina TrueSeq Small RNA kit was used to construct a small RNA library from exosomal RNA obtained from EVT and plasma samples. The number of exosomes was significantly higher in EVT cultured under 1% compared to 8% oxygen. In total, 741 miRNA were identified in exosomes from EVT. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that these miRNA were associated with cell migration and cytokine production. Interestingly, exosomes isolated from EVT cultured at 8% oxygen increased EC migration, whilst exosomes cultured at 1% oxygen decreased EC migration. These changes were inversely proportional to TNF-α released from EC. Finally, we have identified a set of unique miRNAs in exosomes from EVT cultured at 1% oxygen and exosomes isolated from the circulation of mothers at early gestation, who later developed PE and SPTB. We suggest that aberrant exosomal signalling by placental cells is a common aetiological factor in pregnancy complications characterised by incomplete SpA remodeling and is therefore a clinically relevant biomarker of pregnancy complications.Grace Truong, Dominic Guanzon, Vyjayanthi Kinhal, Omar Elfeky, Andrew Lai, Sherri Longo, Zarin Nuzhat, Carlos Palma, Katherin Scholz-Romero, Ramkumar Menon, Ben W. Mol, Gregory E. Rice, Carlos Salomo

Expression of allogeneic MHC class I antigens by transgenic mouse trophoblast does not interfere with the normal course of pregnancy.

Mammalian embryos express paternal histocompatibility antigens which make them potential targets for maternal immune responses. Yet, the histoincompatible fetus survives and develops normally. Down regulation of classical MHC antigen expression by trophoblast cells which are in direct contact with maternal circulation has been repeatedly shown. The trophoblast cells are unable to function properly in antigen presentation and do not induce allogeneic rejection reactions. In the present study we have created transgenic mice that express an allogeneic class I transgene whose transcription is controlled by the transferrin receptor promoter. The expression patterns of the transgene product mice from a single transgenic line were studied in each of the typical placental subpopulations. The allogeneic class I antigen was expressed in the allantoic plate region of the trophoblast, and this expression was not restricted to the endothelial region but extended also to the spongiotrophoblast, as well as the major blood vessels and in the endodermal sinuses. In contrast to the normal class I expression, prominent levels of allogeneic H-2 antigens were detected in the labyrinthine trophoblast. The fetal resorption rate in females mated with these transgenic males was not higher then the normal rate, and the embryos survived and developed normally. These data imply that the unusual expression of allogeneic class I antigens in certain trophoblast subpopulations does not affect fetal development