Efficacy and safety of autologous platelet rich plasma for the treatment of vascular ulcers in primary care: Phase III study

Background: Vascular ulcers are commonly seen in daily practice at all levels of care and have great impact at personal, professional and social levels with a high cost in terms of human and material resources. Given that the application of autologous platelet rich plasma has been shown to decrease healing times in various different studies in the hospital setting, we considered that it would be interesting to assess the efficacy and feasibility of this treatment in primary care. The objectives of this study are to assess the potential efficacy and safety of autologous platelet rich plasma for the treatment of venous ulcers compared to the conventional treatment (moist wound care) in primary care patients with chronic venous insufficiency (C, clinical class, E, aetiology, A, anatomy and P, pathophysiology classification C6). Design: We will conduct a phase III, open-label, parallel-group, multicentre, randomized study. The subjects will be 150 patients aged between 40 and 100 years of age with an at least 2-month history of a vascular venous ulcer assigned to ten primary care centres. For the treatment with autologous platelet rich plasma, all the following tasks will be performed in the primary care setting: blood collection, centrifugation, separation of platelet rich plasma, activation of coagulation adding calcium chloride and application of the PRP topically after gelification. The control group will receive standard moist wound care. The outcome variables to be measured at baseline, and at weeks 5 and 9 later include: reduction in the ulcer area, Chronic Venous Insufficiency Quality of Life Questionnaire score, and percentage of patients who require wound care only once a week. Discussion: The results of this study will be useful to improve the protocol for using platelet rich plasma in chronic vascular ulcers and to favour wider use of this treatment in primary care.This study can be undertaken thanks to the financial support of the Spanish Carlos III Health Institute. We are grateful for funding from the Department of Health and Consumer Affairs of the Government of the Basque Country, the Basque Health Service (Osakidetza) for the pilot support and the Ezkerraldea Enkarterri health region

Reaction of hydroxycoumarins and its analogues

148-151<span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">4-Hydroxycoumarins, thiocoumarins, 4-hydroxy-2-quinolones when condensed with ethyl 2,3-dihydro-3-oxo-benzofuran-2-carboxylate afford the corresponding 6H, 12H-benzofuro[2',3' ;4,5]pyrano[3,2-c]benzopyran-6, 12-diones 3a-e, 6H, 12H-benzofuro[2',3' ;4,5]pyrano[3 <span style="font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">,2-c]thiobenzopyran-6, 12-dione <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">3f, <span style="font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa;="" mso-bidi-font-style:italic"="">6H, <span style="font-size:14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">12H-benzofuropyrano[3,2-c]quinoline-6, 12- diones 4a-k respectively. 6-Ethyl-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin on condensation with ethyl 2,3-dihydro-3-oxo-benzofuran- 2-carboxylate yields 2<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">H,8H-benzofuro[2',3';3,4]-pyrano[2,3-h] benzopyran-2,8-dione 5.</span

Vibration of non-uniform thin-walled beams of arbitrary shape

A generalised theory for the natural vibration of non-uniform thin-walled beams of arbitrary cross-sectional geometry is proposed. The governing equations are obtained as four partial, linear integro-differential equations. The corresponding boundary conditions are also obtained in an integro-differential form. The formulation takes into account the effect of longitudinal inertia and shear flexibility. A method of solution is presented. Some numerical illustrations and an exact solution are included

SOCIO-CULTURAL CONTEXT, ADDRESS FORMS AND COMMUNICATIVE STYLES (A CASE STUDY OF BRITISH AND INDIAN ENGLISHES)

The purpose of this study is to identify differences in the use of Address Forms for an unfamiliar addressee in British and Indian English and explain them through a sociocultural context. Given the fact that address forms are dependent on both situational and geographical parameters, and taking into account the rich cultural diversity of India, the study is limited to address forms used by residents of the two capital cities – London and Delhi. The material was collected through observations and questionnaires and was analysed with a comparative analysis (both quantitative and qualitative) and reference to the theory of cultural differences, intercultural pragmatics, politeness theory and the theory of culturally specific communication styles or communicative ethnic styles. For clarification of the results, the interview method was also used, attempting to establish the regularity with which the representatives of the given cultures use nominative address forms for an unfamiliar addressee, the choice of address forms for different age groups and gender and the sociocultural factors affecting the choice of address forms. The analysis of experimental data shows significant differences both in the choice of address forms and in their functioning, it convincingly demonstrates the influence of the Hindi language and local culture on the Indian version of the English language, on the communicative behaviour of Indian bilinguals in the given situation and their communication style in general