58 research outputs found
Impact of preoperative factors and surgical treatment on incidence and treatment options in non-smal cell lung carcinoma local recurrence
UVOD: Cilj ovog rada bio je, pre svega, praÄenje uÄestalosti i vremena do pojave recidiva
nesitnoÄelijskog karcinoma pluÄa tokom 5 godina po zavrÅ”enoj kompletnoj onkoloÅ”koj
terapiji, a kod posebno definisanih grupa bolesnika. U toku istraživanja ispitivani su
prognostiÄki parametri znaÄajni za razvoj lokalnog recidiva i njegovu operabilnost, sa
namerom definisanja kriterijuma za selekciju bolesnika podobnih za naknadni operativni
zahvat.
MATERIJAL I METODE: Ovom retrospektivno ā prospektivnom studijom obuhvaÄeno
je 114 bolesnika sa recidivom nesitnoÄelijskog karcinoma pluÄa kliniÄkog stadijuma od Ia
do IV, operisanih u periodu od 2002. do 2010. godine. KoriÅ”Äene su baze podataka Instituta
za pluÄne bolesti KliniÄkog centra Srbije i Instituta za onkologiju i radiologiju Srbije u
Beogradu. Bolesnici su tokom pet godina praÄeni imaging procedurama i bronholoÅ”ki.
Recidivi su verifikovani patohistoloÅ”ki nekom od invazivnih dijagnostiÄkih metoda ili
radikalnom hirurÅ”kom intervencijom. Za odreÄivanje stadijuma bolesti koriÅ”Äena je kliniÄka
i patohistoloÅ”ka TNM klasifikacija iz 2004.g. StatistiÄka analiza je obuhvatila metode
deskriptivne i analitiÄke statistike, sa nivoom statistiÄke znaÄajnosti od Ī±=0.05.
REZULTATI: U naŔem istraživanju, bolesnici sa recidivom bili su uglavnom muŔkog
pola, starosti oko 58 godina. Svi lokalni recidivi javili su se unutar 4 godine od operacije
primarnog tumora, sa medijanom od 13 meseci. NajÄeÅ”Äa lokalizacija recidiva bio je zid
grudnog koŔa. PatohistoloŔki, najzastupljeniji su bili skvamocelularni karcinomi umereno
diferentovanog gradusa. ZnaÄajno duže vreme do pojave recidiva zabeleženo je u grupi
pacijenata kod kojih su uÄinjene lobektomije ili bilobektomije u odnosu na ostale operacije.
Pokazana je statistiÄki znaÄajna razlika u vremenu do pojave i uÄestalosti recidiva tokom
prve dve godine od operacije primarnog tumora u odnosu na njegov stadijum i veliÄinu tumora kao nezavisnog prognostiÄkog faktora...PURPOSE: The primary aim of this study was 5-years follow-up of incidence and time to
relapse after complete oncological treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma, in precisely
defined groups of patients. In addition, prognostic parameters significant for local disease
recurrence and its operability were analyzed, with intent to define criteria for selection of
patients eligible for additional surgery.
METHODS: This retrospective - prospective study included 114 patients with recurrent
non-small cell lung carcinoma in clinical stages Ia to IV, operated from year 2002 to 2010.
Database of Institute for Lung Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia and Institute for
Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade were used. Patients were followed up for five
years using imaging procedures and bronchoscopy. Recurrences were verified
pathologically with one of the invasive diagnostic methods or radical surgical intervention.
Clinical and pathological TNM 2004 classification was used in determination of disease
stage. Statistical analysis included descriptive and analytical methods, with the significance
level of Ī± = -0.05.
RESULTS: In our research, patients with recurrences were mainly male, aged
approximately 58 years. All local recurrences were reported within four years after primary
tumor surgery, with a median of 13 months. The most frequent localization of local
recurrences was the chest wall. Pathologically, the most common tumors were moderately
differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. Significantly longer time to relapse was observed
in the group of patients who underwent a lobectomy or bilobectomy, in comparison to other
surgical procedures. There was statistically significant difference in time to recurrence and
frequency of relapses during the first two postoperative years in relation to primary tumor stage and size as an independent prognostic factor..
Avoidable and unavoidable exergy destruction and exergoeconomic evaluation of the thermal processes in a real industrial plant
Exergy analysis is a universal method for evaluating the rational use of energy. It can be applied to any kind of energy conversion system or chemical process. An exergy analysis identifies the location, the magnitude and the causes of thermodynamic inefficiencies and enhances understanding of the energy conversion processes in complex systems. Conventional exergy analyses pinpoint components and processes with high irreversibility. To overcome the limitations of the conventional analyses and to increase our knowledge about a plant, advanced exergy-based analyses are developed. These analyses provide additional information about component interactions and reveal the real potential for improvement of each component constituting a system, as well as of the overall system. In this paper, a real industrial plant is analyzed using both conventional and advanced exergy analyses, and exergoeconomic evaluation. Some of the exergy destruction in the plant components is unavoidable and constrained by technological, physical and economic limitations. Calculations related to the total avoidable exergy destruction caused by each component of the plant supplement the outcome of the conventional exergy analysis. Based on the all-reaching analysis, by improving the boiler operation (elimination of approximately 1 MW of avoidable exergy destruction in the steam boiler) the greatest improvement in the efficiency of the overall system can be achieved
Thermal mass impact on energy performance of a low, medium and heavy mass building in Belgrade
Heavy mass materials used in building structures and architecture can significantly affect building energy performance and occupant comfort. The purpose of this study was to investigate if thermal mass can improve the internal environment of a building, resulting in lower energy requirements from the mechanical systems. The study was focused on passive building energy performance and compared annual space heating and cooling energy requirements for an office building in Belgrade with several different applications of thermal mass. A three-dimensional building model was generated to represent a typical office building. Building shape, orientation, glazing to wall ratio, envelope insulation thickness, and indoor design conditions were held constant while location and thickness of building mass (concrete) was varied between cases in a series of energy simulations. The results were compared and discussed in terms of the building space heating and cooling energy and demand affected by thermal mass. The simulation results indicated that with addition of thermal mass to the building envelope and structure: 100% of all simulated cases experienced reduced annual space heating energy requirements, 67% of all simulated cases experienced reduced annual space cooling energy requirements, 83% of all simulated cases experienced reduced peak space heating demand and 50% of all simulated cases experienced reduced peak space cooling demand. The study demonstrated that there exists a potential for reducing space heating and cooling energy requirements with heavy mass construction in the analyzed climate region (Belgrade, Serbia)
Repair of a damaged turbocharger
The turbocharger is among the highest quality assemblies for modern internal combustion engines. Its contribution to engine operation is immeasurable ā it increases the power output of the engine while indirectly reducing fuel consumption. Like all devices, turbochargers require quality maintenance as they are susceptible to failure. Faulty turbochargers are either repaired or replaced with new ones. Repair ensures substantial financial savings. The paper presents the consequences of damage to the turbocharger and the process of its repair
Repair of a damaged turbocharger
The turbocharger is among the highest quality assemblies for modern internal combustion engines. Its contribution to engine operation is immeasurable ā it increases the power output of the engine while indirectly reducing fuel consumption. Like all devices, turbochargers require quality maintenance as they are susceptible to failure. Faulty turbochargers are either repaired or replaced with new ones. Repair ensures substantial financial savings. The paper presents the consequences of damage to the turbocharger and the process of its repair
Multicomponent Modelling Kinetics and Simultaneous Thermal Analysis of Apricot Kernel Shell Pyrolysis
Apricot kernel shells are naturally available source of biomass with potential for conversion to clean energy through a thermo-chemical process such as pyrolysis. To facilitate further process development, an advanced mathematical model which represents the process kinetics is developed and validated on the thermal decomposition
studies using simultaneous thermal analysis, over a temperature range of 30-900 Ā°C, at four heating rates of 5, 10, 15 and 20 Ā°C minā1, under argon atmosphere. Model-free analysis and numerically developed methods were utilized for determination of effective
activation energies, pre-exponential factors and the fractional contribution. A novel approach is introduced in order to determine actual pseudo-components of studied biomass that are included in its composition. The comparative study of the obtained kinetic results was also presented. The results obtained strongly indicated that the
pseudo-component reaction modelling method could be employed to predict the experimental devolatilization rate and biomass composition with a high likelihood of success
Varijabilnost biohemijskih parametara krvnog seruma karakaÄanske ovce
Karakachan sheep represents an endangered, indigenous sheep breed from Balkan Peninsula. There is relatively little information about the characteristics of this sheep breed in the veterinary scientific literature. The aim of this research was an examination of certain metabolic profile parameters of the Karakachan sheep blood serum, and variability of their concentrations in comparison to age and some other indigenous sheep breeds from Balkans. Examination was conducted on 14 clinically healthy sheep divided in two age groups. Blood samples were collected by puncture of v. jugularis and blood serum was separated after spontaneous coagulation. The concentrations of total protein, albumin, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, aspartate amino transferase (AST) and Ī³- glutamyl transferase (GGT) were determined. In relation to age of Karakachan sheep, statistically significant difference between the calculated mean values of examined parameters was not observed. A statistically significant difference was found between the mean concentrations of the studied parameters in Karakachan sheep and other breeds in total protein (Tsigai, Dubrovnik and Dalmatian sheep), albumin (Dalmatian), calcium and inorganic phosphorus (Tsigai, Dubrovnik) and AST's (Dalmatian, Karakachan sheep from Bulgaria).KarakaÄanska ovca je ugrožena autohtona rasa ovaca sa Balkanskog poluostrva, o Äijim rasnim karakteristikama postoji relativno malo podataka. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se u uzorcima krvnog seruma ispitaju odreÄeni biohemijski parametri karakaÄanske ovce i ustanove odstupanja njihovih vrednosti u odnosu na starost karakaÄanske ovce, kao i u odnosu na vrednosti istih parametara kod drugih autohtonih rasa ovaca Balkana. Ispitivanjem je obuhvaÄeno 14 kliniÄki zdravih ovaca podeljenih u dve starosne grupe. Uzorci krvi uzimani su punkcijom v. jugularis iz kojih je, nakon spontane koagulacije i centrifugovanja, izdvojen krvni serum. OdreÄivane su koncentracije ukupnih proteina, albumina, kalcijuma, neorganskog fosfora, aspartat amino transferaze (AST) i Ī³-glutamil transferaze (GGT). U odnosu na starost karakaÄanske ovce, nije ustanovljena statistiÄki znaÄajna razlika izmeÄu izraÄunatih srednjih vrednosti ispitivanih parametara. StatistiÄki znaÄajna razlika je ustanovljena izmeÄu srednjih vrednosti koncentracija ispitivanih parametara karakaÄanske ovce i drugih rasa za: ukupne proteine (cigaja, dubrovaÄka i dalmatinska ovca), albumin (dalmatinska), kalcijum i neorganski P (cigaja i dubrovaÄka) i aktivnosti AST-a (dalmatinska, karakaÄanska ovca iz Bugarske)
Entropy and fractal nature
Existing, the biunivocal correspondents between the fractal nature and the nature discovered by fractals is the source and meeting point from those two aspects which are similar to the thermodynamically philosophical point of view. Sometimes we can begin from the end. We are substantial part of such fractals space nature. The mathematics fractal structures world have been inspired from nature and Euclidian geometry imagined shapes, and now it is coming back to nature serving it. All our analysis are based on several experimental results. The substance of the question regarding entropy and fractals could be analyzed on different ceramics and materials in general. We have reported the results based on consolidation BaTiO3- ceramics by the standard sintering technology, performed with BaTiO3 and different additives (MnCO3, CeO2, Bi2O3, Fe2O3, CaZrO3, Nb2O5, Er2O3, Yt(2)O(3), Ho2O3). Thermodynamic principles are very important. Beside the energy and temperature, the entropy as a measure between the order and disorder (chaos) is very important parameter. In this paper, we establish the relation between the entropy and fractal that opens new frontiers with the goal to understand and establish the order-disorder relation
Pljevlja lignite carbon emission charateristics
The anthropogenic emission of GHG especially CO has to be limited and reduced due to their impact on global warming and climate change. Combustion of fossil fuels in the energy sector has a dominant share in total GHG emissions. In order to reduce GHG emission, European Union established a scheme for GHG allowance trading within the community, and the implementation of the European Union emission trading scheme, which is a key to GHG reduction in a cost-effective way. An important part of emission trading scheme is prescribed methodology for monitoring, reporting, and verification of the emission of GHG including characterization of the local fuels combusted by the energy sector. This paper presents lignite characteristics from open-pit mine Borovica-Pljevlja, which has highest coal production in Montenegro (>1.2 Mt per year), including evaluation of its carbon emission factor based on the laboratory analysis of 72 coal samples. Testing of the samples included proximate and ultimate analysis, as well as, net calorific value determination. In accordance with the obtained results, linear correlations between net calorific value and combustible matter content, carbon content and combustible matter content, hydrogen content and combustible matter content, carbon content and net calorific value, were established. Finally, the non-linear analytical correlation between carbon emission factor and net calorific value for Pljevlja lignite was proposed, as a base for the precise calculation of CO emission evaluation
Potential usage of fly ash and bottom ash from thermal power plant 'Nikola Tesla' landfill, Serbia
U Srbiji je pepeo dugo bio oznaÄen kao opasan otpad. Usvajanjem odgovarajuÄih zakona, pepeo je postao otpad sa upotrebnom vrednoÅ”Äu, Å”to je omoguÄilo razmatranje moguÄnosti njegovog koriÅ”Äenja. U ovom radu je izvrÅ”ena analiza sastava pepela i Å”ljake koji su odloženi na deponiju termoelektrane 'Nikola Tesla A'. Trideset uzoraka, podeljenih u tri seta, analizirani su na mikroelemente As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti, V i Zn. Procenjene su varijacije u kvalitetu, i na osnovu dobijenih rezultata procenjena je moguÄnost daljeg koriÅ”Äenja u proizvodnji cementa i betona.In Serbia, the ash from power plants has long been labelled as hazardous waste. With the adoption of the appropriate legislation this ash became waste with the potential usage. In this paper an analysis of the fly ash and bottom ash composition, which are disposed of in the power plant 'Nikola Tesla A' landfill, is presented. Thirty samples, divided into three sets, were analyzed for trace elements As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti, V and Zn. The first and second set of samples were taken at the depth of 0.0-0.6 m, from cassette III, at the place of waste discharge (set I) and in the centre of the cassette (set II).The third set of samples was taken from the same cassette spot but at the different depth. The estimated variations in quality within individual sets, as well as the comparison between sets I and II, were performed. The repeatability of results by the depth of cassette (set III) was also analyzed. The mixture consisting of 79.4% limestone, 17% clay, 0.5% sand, 0.55% iron ore, 0.55% of steel mill waste and 2% ash from the thermal power plant 'Nikola Tesla A' was adopted as the reputable mixture for cement making. For concrete making, the same cement mixture was used but with 2.1% of the same ash material added. The results showed possibility of further fly and bottom ash use as the cement and concrete material
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