Mining excavator working equipment load forecasting according to a fuzzy-logistic model

Due to the fact that the loads occurring in the working equipment of mining excavators are determined by a large number of random factors that are difficult to represent by analytical formulas, for estimating and predicting loads the models must be introduced using non-standard approaches. In this study, we used the methodology of the theory of fuzzy logic and fuzzy pluralities, which allows to overcome the difficulties associated with the incompleteness and vagueness of the data in assessing and predicting the  forces encountered in the working equipment of mining excavators, as well as with the qualitative nature of these data. As a result of computer simulation in the fuzzyTECH environment, data comparable with experimental studies were obtained to determine the level of loading of the main elements of the working equipment of mining excavators. Based on a representative sample, a statistical analysis of the data was performed, as a result of which the equation of linear multiple stress regression in the handle of mining excavators was obtained, which allows to make an accurate forecast of the loading of the working equipment of the excavator

ЧАСОВА ОЗНАКА ПРИЧИННО-НАСЛІДКОВОГО ЗВ’ЯЗКУ В КРИМІНАЛІСТИЦІ

The issues of temporal sign of a causal relationship in Criminalistics is considered. The problematics of the asymmetry of the direction of time and causality have been worked out, approaches to clarifying the sequence and simultaneity of the event- cause and the event-consequence in Criminalistics have been proposed.Розглянуто питання часової ознаки причинно-наслідкового зв’язку в криміналістиці. Опрацьовано проблематику асиметрії напрямку часу та причинності, запропоновано підходи до з’ясування послідовності й одночасності події-причини та події-наслідку в криміналістиці

СТРУКТУРА ПРИЧИННО-НАСЛІДКОВОГО ЗВ’ЯЗКУ В ТЕОРІЇ ПРИЧИННОСТІ В КРИМІНАЛІСТИЦІ

The article deals with the issues of the cause and effect link structure in the causality theory of criminalistics. It identifies similarity levels for causality as well as their hierarchy. Within the context of subject’s instrumental causality the link structure is represented by related events «the subject’s decision», «the subject’s action», «the use of the means», «the formation of the trace». Within the context of the subject causality without instruments the article discusses the links between the events «the subject’s decision» - «the subject’s actions» - «the formation of the trace». The context of object causality links the events «the object’s actions» and «the formation of the trace». The link «the subject’s decision» - «the subject’s actions» in subject causality is described as a mental phenomenon and with this regard the article provides arguments in favor of compatibility of the subject’s free will and determinism. The other links that are discussed in the article are of deterministic nature, as they take place while interacting with material objects and are governed by natural laws. The article determines the areas and branches of criminalistics where these contexts of cause and effect links are the most common.Розглянуто питання структури причинно-наслідкового зв’язку в теорії причинності в криміналістиці. Виокремлено рівні спільності причинності та їх ієрархічну побудову. Висвітлено структуру причинно-наслідкових ланцюгів суб’єктної й об’єктної причинності

The last frontier: Catch records of white sharks (carcharodon carcharias) in the northwest pacific ocean

White sharks are highly migratory apex predators, globally distributed in temperate, sub-tropical, and tropical waters. Knowledge of white shark biology and ecology has increased recently based on research at known aggregation sites in the Indian, Atlantic, and Northeast Pacific Oceans; however, few data are available for the Northwest Pacific Ocean. This study provides a meta-analysis of 240 observations of white sharks from the Northwest Pacific Ocean between 1951 and 2012. Records comprise reports of bycatch in commercial fisheries, media accounts, personal communications, and documentation of shark-human interactions from Russia (n = 8), Republic of Korea (22), Japan (129), China (32), Taiwan (45), Philippines (1) and Vietnam (3). Observations occurred in all months, excluding October-January in the north (Russia and Republic of Korea) and July-August in the south (China, Taiwan, Philippines, and Vietnam). Population trend analysis indicated that the relative abundance of white sharks in the region has remained relatively stable, but parameterization of a 75% increase in observer effort found evidence of a minor decline since 2002. Reliably measured sharks ranged from 126–602 cm total length (TL) and 16–2530 kg total weight. The largest shark in this study (602 cm TL) represents the largest measured shark on record worldwide. For all countries combined the sex ratio was non-significantly biased towards females (1∶1.1; n = 113). Of 60 females examined, 11 were confirmed pregnant ranging from the beginning stages of pregnancy (egg cases) to near term (140 cm TL embryos). On average, 6.0±2.2 embryos were found per litter (maximum of 10) and gestation period was estimated to be 20 months. These observations confirm that white sharks are present in the Northwest Pacific Ocean year-round. While acknowledging the difficulties of studying little known populations of a naturally low abundance species, these results highlight the need for dedicated research to inform regional conservation and management planning

Solid-state synthesis and characterization of ferromagnetic Mn5Ge3 nanoclusters in GeO/Mn thin films

Mn5Ge3 films are promising materials for spintronic applications due to their high spin polarization and a Curie temperature above room temperature. However, non-magnetic elements such as oxygen, carbon and nitrogen may unpredictably change the structural and magnetic properties of Mn5Ge3 films. Here, we use the solid-state reaction between Mn and GeO thin films to describe the synthesis and the structural and magnetic characterization of Mn5Ge3(Mn5Ge3Oy)-GeO2(GeOx) nanocomposite materials. Our results show that the synthesis of these nanocomposites starts at 180°С when the GeO decomposes into elemental germanium and oxygen and the resulting Ge atoms immediately migrate into the Mn layer to form ferromagnetic Mn5Ge3 nanoclusters. At the same time the oxygen atoms take part in the synthesis of GeOx and GeO2 oxides and also migrate into the Mn5Ge3 lattice to form Mn5Ge3Oy Nowotny nanoclusters. Magnetic analysis assumes the general nature of the Curie temperature increase in carbon-doped Mn5Ge3Cx and Mn5Ge3Oy films. Our findings prove that not only carbon, but oxygen may contribute to the increase of the saturation magnetization and Curie temperature of Mn5Ge3-based nanostructures

Study of morphology, magnetic properties, and visible magnetic circular dichroism of Ni nanoparticles synthesized in SiO2 by ion implantation

A systematic study of ensembles of nickel nanoparticles fabricated by Ni+-ion implantation at a dose of (0.5-1.0)×1017 ions/cm2 in a thin near-surface layer of an amorphous SiO2 matrix by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dc magnetic measurements, and magneto-optical technique is presented. TEM characterization of Ni nanoparticles proves the formation of isolated spherical nickel nanoparticles with diameters from 2 to 16 nm. The crystal structure and lattice constant of the nanoparticles correspond to face-centered-cubic Ni. The larger size nanoparticles are shown to have core-shell structure, which is unusual for the implantation conditions used. The shell of these nanoparticles consists of Ni, while the core has supposedly the composition coinciding with the matrix, i.e., SiO2. The core-shell nanoparticles in the investigated sample coexist with ordinary pure Ni nanoparticles, which strongly affects the magnetic and especially magneto-optic properties of the samples. For all three doses, the nanoparticles are in the superparamagnetic state at room temperature passing to the "frozen" state at lower temperatures. However, only the sample implanted with the lowest dose demonstrates the classic superparamagnetic behavior according to the shape of the experimental magnetization temperature dependencies for the zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled regimes. This shape deviation from that characteristic of the pure superparamagnetic ensembles is ascribed mainly to the particle core-shell structure. The Ni nanoparticles' anisotropy constant estimated with the help of ZFC curves appears to exceed the bulk Ni anisotropy second constant approximately by two orders of magnitude. Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) is characterized by spectral dependence modified strongly as compared to the MCD spectra of a continuous Ni film. In the spectral range 1.1-4.2 eV, the MCD spectrum consists of two broad maxima of opposite sign with the characteristics depending on the implantation dose and the measurement temperature. The MCD spectra analysis allows one to show that the higher-energy maximum (at 3.34-3.48 eV depending on the dose) is related to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) excitation in pure Ni nanoparticles, while the lower-energy maximum (at 2.19-2.73 eV depending on the dose) should be associated with the SPR excitation in core-shell nanoparticles. © 2013 American Physical Society

Quaternary Selenides EuLnCuSe3: Synthesis, Structures, Properties and In Silico Studies

In this work, we report on the synthesis, in-depth crystal structure studies as well as optical and magnetic properties of newly synthesized heterometallic quaternary selenides of the Eu+2Ln+3Cu+1Se3 composition. Crystal structures of the obtained compounds were refined by the derivative difference minimization (DDM) method from the powder X-ray diffraction data. The structures are found to belong to orthorhombic space groups Pnma (structure type Ba2MnS3 for EuLaCuSe3 and structure type Eu2CuS3 for EuLnCuSe3, where Ln = Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho and Y) and Cmcm (structure type KZrCuS3 for EuLnCuSe3, where Ln = Tm, Yb and Lu). Space groups Pnma and Cmcm were delimited based on the tolerance factor t’, and vibrational spectroscopy additionally confirmed the formation of three structural types. With a decrease in the ionic radius of Ln3+ in the reported structures, the distortion of the (LnCuSe3) layers decreases, and a gradual formation of the more symmetric structure occurs in the sequence Ba2MnS3 → Eu2CuS3 → KZrCuS3. According to magnetic studies, compounds EuLnCuSe3 (Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho and Tm) each exhibit ferrimagnetic properties with transition temperatures ranging from 4.7 to 6.3 K. A negative magnetization effect is observed for compound EuHoCuSe3 at temperatures below 4.8 K. The magnetic properties of the discussed selenides and isostructural sulfides were compared. The direct optical band gaps for EuLnCuSe3, subtracted from the corresponding diffuse reflectance spectra, were found to be 1.87– 2.09 eV. Deviation between experimental and calculated band gaps is ascribed to lower d states of Eu2+ in the crystal field of EuLnCuSe3, while anomalous narrowing of the band gap of EuYbCuSe3 is explained by the low-lying charge-transfer state. Ab initio calculations of the crystal structures, elastic properties and phonon spectra of the reported compounds were performed. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Funding: The research was supported by the Tyumen region within the framework of the grant agreement in the form of a grant to non-profit organizations no. 89-don dated 07.12.2020. This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project no. FEUZ-2020-0054). This work was supported by state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Project Reg. No. 720000Ф.99.1.БЗ85АА13000). The work was conducted within the framework of the budget project № 0287-2021-0013 for the Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS

КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ ОПЫТ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ МЕДИКАМЕНТОЗНЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ ПРИ ПОДГОТОВКЕ К КОЛОНОСКОПИИ

Bowel preparation remains an important issue despite vast clinical experience in this field.Methods. 530 patients were included in retrospective analysis. 234 (44.2 %) patients in group 1 used sodium phosphate (SP) for bowel preparation, 176 (33.2 %) patients in group 2 used polyethylene glycol (PEG), 120 (22.6 %) patients used castor oil. Quality of bowel preparation was assessed according to following grading system: «good», «acceptable», «bad».Results. «Good», «acceptable», «bad» bowel preparation was observed in following number of patients: 160 (68.4 %), 46 (19.7 %) and 28 (12 %) patients who used SP, 38.6, 40.3 and 20.1 % who used PEG and 43.3, 20.8, 35.8 % who used castor oil. Results of «good» preparation were significantly better in patients who used SP comparing to other treatment groups.Conclusions. Better bowel preparation with SP was observed in our study, though results need to be validated in randomized trials.Выбор оптимальных методов подготовки пациентов к колоноскопии остается актуальной проблемой, несмотря на многолетний опыт в данной области.Методы. Ретроспективно проанализированы результаты подготовки к колоноскопии 530 пациентов, находящихся на стационарном лечении. Пациенты 1-й группы – 234 (44,2 %) больных – для подготовки к колоноскопии получали препарат фосфата натрия, во 2-й группе – 176 (33,2 %) человек  использовали полиэтиленгликоль (ПЭГ), 3-я группа – 120 (22,6 %) пациентов – применяли касторовое масло. Качество подготовки оценивали согласно степени визуализации стенки толстого кишечника на всем протяжении при каждом эндоскопическом исследовании и описывали как «отличную», «удовлетворительную» или «плохую».Результаты. У большей доли пациентов – 160 (68,4 %) человек, которые получали фосфат натрия, во всех сегментах толстой кишки подготовка была признана «отличной», у 46 (19,7 %) оценена как «удовлетворительная», у 28 (12 %) – как «плохая». Аналогичные показатели для ПЭГ составили 38,6; 40,3 и 20,1 % соответственно, для касторового масла – 43,3; 20,8; 35,8 %. Различия были достоверны по показателю «отличной» подготовки в пользу препарата фосфата натрия по сравнению с двумя другими исследуемыми препаратами.Выводы. Отмечено преимущество подготовки кишечника препаратом фосфата натрия, которое требуется подтвердить в рандомизированных исследованиях