A hadron model with breaking of spatial homogeneity of vacuum

A possible breaking of spatial homogeneity of vacuum due to the interaction between quark and Bose-field is analyzed. It is shown that in this case quark can be in a localized state (like wave packet). Energetic conditions for such a spontaneous symmetry breaking are found in suggested model. Possible consequences of such symmetry breaking, in particular, the origin of deep inelastic processes and quark confinement phenomenon are discussed.Comment: 4 page

Algebraic Geometry over Free Metabelian Lie Algebra I: U-Algebras and Universal Classes

This paper is the first in a series of three, the aim of which is to lay the foundations of algebraic geometry over the free metabelian Lie algebra $F$. In the current paper we introduce the notion of a metabelian Lie $U$-algebra and establish connections between metabelian Lie $U$-algebras and special matrix Lie algebras. We define the $\Delta$-localisation of a metabelian Lie $U$-algebra $A$ and the direct module extension of the Fitting's radical of $A$ and show that these algebras lie in the universal closure of $A$.Comment: 34 page

The technologies of using generating gas in cogeneration installations

The paper discusses the experimental setup of gas generation from wood waste. The obtained experimental dependence of the composition of the generator gas temperature at the exit of the gasifier.В работе рассмотрена экспериментальная установка генерации газа из древесных отходов. Получены экспериментальные зависимости состава генераторного газа от температуры на выходе из газогенератора

Solar cycle influence on the interaction of the solar wind with Local Interstellar Cloud

We present results of a new time-dependent kinetic model of the H atom penetration through the solar wind - interstellar medium interaction region. A kinetic 6D (time, two dimensions in space, and three dimensions in velocity-space) equation for interstellar H atoms was solved self-consistently with time-dependent Euler equations for the solar wind and interstellar charged components. We study the response of the interaction region to 11-year solar cycle variations of the solar wind dynamic pressure. It is shown that the termination shock location varies within ±7 AU, the heliopause variation is ~4 AU, and the bow shock variation is negligible. At large heliocentric distances, the solar cycle induces 10-12% fluctuations in the number density of both primary and secondary interstellar H atoms and atoms created in the inner heliosheath. We underline the kinetic behavior of the fluctuations of the H atom populations. Closer to the Sun the fluctuations increase up to 30-35% at 5 AU due to solar cycle variation of the charge exchange rate. Solar cycle variations of interstellar H atoms in the heliospheric interface and within the heliosphere may have major importance for the interpretation of H atom observations inside the heliosphere

Cryptanalysis via algebraic spans

We introduce a method for obtaining provable polynomial time solutions of problems in nonabelian algebraic cryptography. This method is widely applicable, easier to apply, and more efficient than earlier methods. After demonstrating its applicability to the major classic nonabelian protocols, we use this method to cryptanalyze the Triple Decomposition key exchange protocol, the only classic group theory based key exchange protocol that could not be cryptanalyzed by earlier methods

Sleep-related breathing disorders in patients with heart failure: current aspects of treatment. Part II

The second part of the review highlights treatments for different types of sleep apnea in patients with heart failure. In both obstructive and central sleep apnea, ventilatory support during sleep takes a special place in treatment. Therefore, the review details the role of different ventilation modes (in particular, CPAP therapy and adaptive servo-ventilation), analyzes available evidence-based medicine data. The role of low-flow oxygen therapy, surgical treatment, implantable devices, specific therapy (theophylline, acetazolamide) in the treatment of central sleep apnea is also shown, and a novel method of treating central sleep apnea is considered — phrenic nerve stimulation

Sleep-related breathing disorders in patients with heart failure with reduced and mildly reduced ejection fraction: main types and their dependence on heart failure etiology

Aim. To identify and study the nature of sleep-related breathing disorders (SBDs) in a cohort of hospitalized patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced and mildly reduced ejection fraction (EF), as well as to clarify the relationship between SBD type, etiology and severity of HF.Material and methods. The study included 117 patients with HF with reduced and mildly reduced ejection fraction hospitalized at the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine from 2019 to 2021. All patients underwent clinical and paraclinical examination, including cardiorespiratory sleep study. Patients were divided into three groups according to the type and severity of SBD: no or mild SBD, predominantly with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and predominantly with central sleep apnea (CSA). Severity of SBD and clinical data were compared between these groups.Results. A total of 5 patients (4,27%) did not have any SBDs, while 47 (40,17%) were diagnosed with CSA, and 65 (55,56%) — OSA of varying severity. The proportions of patients with moderate and severe CSA and OSA differed insignificantly and amounted to 35,9% (n=42) and 44,4% (n=52), respectively. There were following proportions of diseases related to HF: coronary artery disease (41,88%), nonischemic cardiomyopathy (26,5%), arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (15,38%) and other causes (16,24%) (hypertension, myocarditis, heart defects). We found that reduced EF <40%, end-diastolic volume >210 ml, and ventricular ectopy (>300 extrasystoles/day) were associated with CSA, and body mass index >30 kg/m2 was traditionally associated with OSA.Conclusion. More than half of HF patients with reduced and mildly reduced EF have SBDs. Decreased LVEF and ventricular ectopic activity are associated with CSA, while increased body mass index is associated with OSA. Consideration of SBD risk factors may improve patient phenotyping for individualized therapy