Formulation and Evaluation of Matrix tablets of Ambroxol hydrochloride using Natural hydrophilic polymer

Se prepararon comprimidos matriciales de liberación prolongada de clorhidrato de ambroxol con diversas proporciones de fármaco: polímero tales como F-1(1:1), F-2(1:1,5) y F-3 (1:2). Se utilizó goma xántica para la formación de la matriz y celulosa microcristalina como diluyente. Se prepararon y evaluaron gránulos para determinar la densidad aparente sin compactar, la densidad compactada, el índice de compresibilidad, el índice de Hausner y el ángulo de reposo. Todos los gránulos se lubricaron y comprimieron con punzones planos de 9 mm. Los comprimidos se evaluaron para determinar la uniformidad de peso, el contenido de principios activos, la friabilidad, la dureza y la disolución in vitro. Todas las formulaciones se ajustaron a los estándares farmacopeicos. F-3 mostró una liberación prolongada de fármaco durante 12 horas con una liberación del 97,3% y el perfi l de liberación fue similar al de la muestra de clorhidrato de ambroxol comercial (A-MS). Además, se realizaron estudios de estabilidad según la guía ICH. La liberación de fármaco sigue cinéticas de orden cero (0,9661) y se determinó que el mecanismo era difusión combinada con erosión.Sustained release matrix tablets of ambroxol hydrochloride of different drug: polymer ratios, such as F-1(1:1), F- 2(1:1.5) and F-3 (1:2). Xanthan gum was used as matrix former and microcrystalline cellulose was used as diluent. Granules were prepared and evaluated for loose bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, hausners ratio and angle of repose. All the granules were lubricated and compressed using 9mm fl at-faced punches. Compressed tablets were evaluated for uniformity of weight, content of active ingredient, friability, hardness and In-vitro dissolution. All the formulations showed compliance with Pharmacopoeial standards. F-3 showed the sustained release of drug for 12 hours with 97.3% release and the release profi le was close to the marketed sample of ambroxol hydrochloride (A-MS) and Stability studies were performed as per ICH guide. The drug release follows zero order kinetics (0.9661) and the mechanism was found to be diffusion coupled with erosion

Observations on the long term preservation and culture of the marine microalga, Nannochloropsis oculata

This paper deals with the results of experiments on the viability and culture of the microalga, Nannochloropsis oculata under preserved conditions. Uncentrifuged samples were kept in refrigerator (without cryoprotector) to observe the duration of viability and the algae could be maintained for 18 months by cooling. The cell quality under cooled culture condition was observed to be better and indicated the population growth similar to regular continuous culture after reinoculation. Variation in growth rate and cell concentration were observed between Walne's and Locally Developed Nutrient Medium (LDM). The cooling method preservation was most simple and effective for N.Oculata. Twelve months old preserved samples of cooled culture were raised and inoculated to outdoor mass culture using LDM

Studies on fruit-bud differentiation in Mango (Mangifera indica)

The time of fruit-bud-differentiation in mango is known to be governed by localweather conditions, which varies from place to place. To some extent, it also varies withvarieties grown under the same climatic conditions. The knowledge of the time of fruit-buddifferentiationunder a particular set of climatic conditions for a given variety would enablethe orchardists to schedule the manuring, irrigation and other cultural operations to havebetter yield. The fruit-bud-differentiation is a crucial event in the growth and developmentof mango, as it marks the change in partitioning and transport of metabolites from source tosink between the vegetative and reproductive organs which are governed by the growthhormones. The physiological and biochemical factors governing fruit-bud-differentiation inmango have not been adequately studied. Little is known about the role of naturallyoccurring growth substances and other metabolites involved in fruit-bud-differentiation.Need for such studies is all the more important, since these naturally occurring growthsubstances are now recognized as important factors controlling the ontogeny of flowering inhigher plants

मान्नार खाडी के ज्वारीय क्षेत्र में स्थापित नितलस्थ पिंजरों में पेनिअस सेमिसलकाटस का पालन

कृपया पूरा लेखा पढ

An unusual bumber catch of white prawn, Penaeus indicus from Kovalam bay near Madras

In the history of the fishing village, namely, Kovalam (lat. 12°47'N long. 80°15'E), formerly known as Covelong, situated 35 km south of Madras City, heavy landings of the Indian white prawn, Penaeus indicus caught with gill net have occurred for the firsi time during 16th-20th December, 1984. Recent mark-recapture experiments on P. indicus have also established the fact that a longer migration of tagged white prawns took place from Cochin, (place of release) to Ovari - Manappad fishing villages on the southeast coast (Tinnaveli coast), covering a distance of 330-380 km in 68 to 103 days at a rate of 3.5 to 5.5 km/day. The southward migration of white prawns during the present study was in conjunction with the prevailing southerly current along the coast

Progress of Biorefinery in India

India is one among the world’s largest economies and its energy demand accounts for 3.5% of world’s commercial energy consumption. According to the International Energy Agency oil demand in India is expected to grow by a factor 2.2 by 2030, increasing the oil import dependency from 69% now to 91%. Rising energy prices and climate change are increasing the demand for biofuel production. The Planning Commission of India recommends replacing 20% of India’s diesel consumption mainly by non-edible Jatropha oil and Pongamia. Biorefinery could be one of the best solutions to overcome the problem. A review on the progress of biorefinery in India is attempted

Effect of lower salinities on growth and survival of early juveniles of the King prawn Penaeus latisulcatus Kishinouye under laboratory conditions

Early juveniles of the King prawn Penaeus latisukalus reared in 34.12 ppt tolerated lower salinities of 10 to 25 ppt without acclimatisation, whereas cent percent mortality was recorded in 0 ppt and 40% in 5 ppt. In the case of prawns acclimatised to salinities on 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ppt, the percentage of survival during one month rearing was 6.7, 40.0, 73.3, 93.3 and 86.7 respectively. In terms of growth per month, the prawns reared in 15-25 ppt salinities recorded a higher growth of 7.7 to 9.5 mm as against 4.1 to 5.7 mm in 5-10 ppt. The significance of these experimental results in the context of farming of this species is briefly discussed

Impact Assessment of Mechanical Transplantation in Cauvery Delta Districts of Tamil Nadu

During June 2015, the Government of Tamil Nadu implemented the “Kuruvai Season Special Assistance 2015 for Delta districts” programme to boost rice production. A study was conducted to assess the impact of machine transplanting, which was an important component of this special package. The comparative economics of conventional and machine planting revealed that yield increased by nearly 40.00 per cent; cost of cultivation decreased by 21.00 per cent; cost of production reduced by 43.00 per cent; and net returns increased by more than four times (448.00 %), over the manually planted fields. Farmers’ feedback on machine planting was very optimistic with all the beneficiaries expressing that they had opted for machine planting to overcome labour scarcity and to increase yields

Development and application of C - scan ultrasonic facility

This paper presents the in-house development and application of a C-scan ultrasonic facility ULTIMA 200M2 at the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, carried out in collaboration with the Electronics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai. The paper describes various constituents of the system developed and also highlights the typical results obtained using this system, including bond integrity assessment of explosive welds and imaging of fuel sub-assembly heads of the Fast Breeder Test Reactor. The system has also been used for imaging both the sides of a one rupee Indian coin. All the finer details of the coin could be extracted, demonstrating the resolution capabilities of the system

The induced maturation and larval rearing of the King prawn Penaeus latisulcatus Kishinouye under controlled conditions

The King prawn Penaeus latisulcatus Kishinouye, one of the large-sized penaeid prawns are seen in Indian coastal backwaters. Reports shows some captive controlled rearing of these prawns in Japan and China. An experimental work was conducted on induced maturation by eye stalk ablation and larval production at Kovalam laboratory, Madras. This is the first time in India that an experiment conducted on the maturation and larval production of Penaeus latisulcatus under controlled conditions has yielded fruitful results