Caliph Al-Mu‘tasim’s Expedition against Amorion in 838 AD: The Chronology Reconsidered

Submitted: 08.08.2020. Accepted: 15.10.2020.Поступила в редакцию 08.08.2020. Принята к печати 15.10.2020.Статья представляет собой развернутый вариант доклада на XIV Сюзюмовских чтениях в 2018 г., запомнившихся блестящим выступлением Маргариты Адольфовны Поляковской.This research offers a detailed reconstruction of one of the most famous episodes of Byzantine-Arab relations in the ninth century, the victorious campaign of the Abbasid army led by Caliph al-Mu‘tasim deep into the territory of Byzantium in 838 AD, which ended with the defeat of the army of Emperor Theophilos and the destruction of two most important fortresses in Asia Minor, Ankyra and Amorion, the native place of the ruling dynasty. The accounts of the circumstances and the route of this expedition kept by Arab, Syrian, and Greek sources make it possible to build a detailed chronological map of this military campaign with the use of new methodology created for the project of the comprehensive database of events of Byzantine history. The bringing together chronological and topographic indications of all available sources made it possible not only to make a complete reconstruction of the military operations, but also to revise the date of one of the most important events in the ninth-century history of Byzantium, the battle of Anzen at Dazimon plain, when the Arab-Turkic-Armenian army commanded by Afshin inflicted a crushing defeat on the Byzantine army of Emperor Theophilus, which included the Persian detachments of the ex-Khurramites of Babek. Taking the data in possession into account, there are reasons to date the battle to July 4th, 838 AD. It is proposed to correlate the previously accepted date indicated by at-Tabari, July 22nd, with another key event of the 838 campaign, the destruction of Ankyra. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of the sources makes it possible to clarify the chronology and circumstances of the fall of Amorion, which surrender to the Arabs was resulted by an ethno-religious conflict.В исследовании предложена подробная реконструкция одного из самых известных эпизодов византийско-арабских отношений IX в. – победоносного похода армии Аббасидов во главе с халифом аль-Мутасимом вглубь территории Византии в 838 г., завершившегося разгромом армии императора Феофила и уничтожением двух важнейших крепостей в Малой Азии – Анкиры и Амория (родины правящей династии). Описание обстоятельств и маршрута экспедиции, сохранившееся в арабских, сирийских и греческих источниках, позволяет построить подробную хронокарту данной военной кампании с использованием новой методологии, разрабатываемой при создании комплексной базы событий византийской истории. Сведение воедино хронологических и топографических указаний всех доступных источников позволило не только составить целостную картину военных действий, но и пересмотреть принятую в современной византинистике дату одного их важнейших событий византийской истории IX в. – битвы при Анзине на равнине Дазимон, в ходе которой арабо-тюрко-армянская армия под командованием Афшина нанесла сокрушительное поражение византийскому войску императора Феофила, в которое входили персидские отряды перебежчиков-хуррамитов. Исходя из имеющихся данных, битву предложено датировать 4 июля 838 г. Принятую ранее дату, указанную Табари, – 22 июля, предлагается соотнести с другим ключевым моментом похода 838 г. – разрушением Анкиры. Кроме того, комплексный анализ источников позволяет уточнить хронологию и обстоятельства падения Амория, сдачу которого арабам вызвал конфликт на этнорелигиозной почве

Event-driven management algorithm of an Engineering documents circulation system

Development methodology of an engineering documents circulation system in the design company is reviewed. Discrete event-driven automatic models using description algorithms of project management is offered. Petri net use for dynamic design of projects is offered

Ways of bringing in of passive students to active employment by a physical culture

У статті досліджуються актуальні питання шляху залучення пасивних студентів до активних занять фізичною культурою. Надалі результати аналізу необхідно розглядати як питання вдосконалення форм, змісту процесу фізичного виховання сучасної молоді.Research methods of physical training is organically linked with the study of patterns of development and functioning of the body of students, taking into account the peculiarities of teaching to enhance their physical health as a factor in the development of an integrated dynamic system. Physical education as an academic discipline in higher education institutions have a special role in the preparation of modern specialists, the formation of his personality. Significant differences in their specific content from other subjects in high school, the discipline is intended to provide for the physical readiness of the future experts for work, and actively promote their full and harmonious development. We know that physical education, being an integral part of the overall organic culture in the society, has a multi-functional capabilities. In high school, she realized in the pedagogical process in the framework of the subject "Physical Education" and in various forms of motor activity of students and amateur forms of physical training. At present, the importance of this subject in higher education has been increasing due to certain social factors, that is, the demand for professionals with a high level of efficiency. The study of the passive attitude of the person in physical education shows that the dominant in its motivational sphere is the desire to circumvent the educational - training process of exercise, explaining the various reasons caused, as a rule, the imperfection of social - psychological relations of the individual, and often ignorance of the critical role of motor activity for good healthВ статье исследуются актуальные вопросы пути привлечения пассивных студентов к активным занятиям физической культурой. В дальнейшем результате анализа необходимо рассматривать вопросы совершенствования форм, содержания процесса физического воспитания современной молодежи

Определение отношения 8-оксо-2'-дезоксигуанозина к 2'-дезоксигуанозину в ДНК с помощью обращенно-фазовой ВЭЖХ в сочетании с амперометрической детекцией

The article presents an optimized method for the determination of the ratio of 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (formed in DNA due to the action of active forms of oxygen) to 2'-deoxyguanosine. The ratio was determined by reverse phase HPLC combined with amperometric detection. It was shown that the ratio increases upon oxidative stress caused by the action of large doses of ascorbic acid in samples of DNA isolated from the liver of experimental rats.В работе проведена оптимизация метода определения отношения 8-оксо-2'-дезоксигуанозина, образующегося в ДНК в результате действия активных форм кислорода, к 2'-дезоксигуанозину методом обращенно-фазовой ВЭЖХ в сочетании с амперометрической детекцией. Показано увеличение этого отношения при окислительном стрессе, вызванном действием больших доз аскорбиновой кислоты, в образцах ДНК, выделенных из печени экспериментальных крыс

Анализ содержания 8-оксо-2'-дезоксигуанозина в ДНК клеток мозга крыс при изучении защитного действия кортексина

The protective effect of cortexin was investigated with the use of acoustic stress hemorrhagic stroke model. A significant decrease of 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine to 2'-deoxyguanosine ratio in the DNA molecule was shown using brain slices of cortexin treated Krushinsky-Molodkina rats.В работе изучено влияние защитного действия препарата кортексин на мозг крыс линии Крушинского-Молодкиной в условиях экспериментального геморрагического инсульта, вызван-ного акустическим стрессом. Показано значительное уменьшение отношения 8-оксо-2'-дезокси-гуанозина к 2'-дезоксигуанозину в ДНК клеток мозга крыс при применении кортексина

CHRONOLOGICAL CALCULATIONS OF CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA AND THE ORIGIN OF THE TRADITIONAL DATES OF CHRISTMAS AND THE EPIPHANY

The analysis of the chronological information presented by Clement of Alexandria inChapter 21 of his «Stromata» reveals some chronological systems which served as a basis forthe works of the famous Christian apologist Clement of Alexandria. One of these systemsbased on the Egyptian calendar relates the creation of the world to the autumnal equinox.This system is connected with the Alexandrian Judaic-Hellenistic tradition. It’s due to thistradition that Christmas is celebrated on the sixth of January or the eleventh of Tybi accord-ing to the fixed Egyptian calendar. Clement himself considered this date as the date of theEpiphany. According to the flexible Egyptian calendar, which was widely used among schol-ars, the same date corresponds to the 25thof December, 27 A.D. and is considered to be thedate of the Epiphany. This fact allows us to assume that 25 December as the recently knowndate of Christmas is closely related to the early Egyptian tradition. This hypothesis enables usto explain the traditional Roman date of the Crucifixion, namely 25 March, which was testi-fied to by Tertullian at the turn of the third centur

MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMS MODERNIZATION BASED ON RUSSIAN AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

Russian education standards have come a long way from being extremely detailed and regulating the content of education programs at all levels to the current state when there is a great freedom for universities in defining its education programs. The downside of that freedom is too general formulations of these competences and absence of framework requirements for the scope and content of individual parts of educational programs for the various types of training. This raises the problem of preserving the unity of educational space in Russia and the traditionally high level of teaching mathematics in Russian universities. Russian scientific and educational community together with industry and business are currently looking for the ways to solve this problem. In the paper, the experience of the modernization educational programs in the field of information and communication technologies is considered. The methodology of creation of valid assessment tools funds to check formation of competences is presented. The presented results are based on the methodology of international and Russian scientific and methodological projects. Currently obtained results of approbation of the methodology showed that the chosen modernization methods are an effective tool for solving the designated math-related problems in engineering education in Russian universities and, consequently, students will start to correspond more adequately to the labor market needs

The experience of updating the educational standards of higher education in the field of ICT

The article describes the experience of Russian universities in integrating professional and educational standards in the design of higher education educational programs in the field of information and communication technologies. A number of aspects of the current versions of FSES have been identified, which pose a problem for interfacing with professional standards in the development of basic educational programs. Methodical recommendations on the actualization of the FSES and the selection of professional standards developed by the leading Russian universities as a result of the implementation of international and domestic projects are presented. The analysis of the conformity of generalized labor functions and their components from professional standards to general professional and professional competences from FSES under the bachelor's program 02.03.02 Fundamental informatics and information technologies is carred out

“Jewish” calendar in Georgios Synkellos

В статье описывается малоизвестный вариант еврейского календаря «солнечного» типа, который приводится в хронике Георгия Синкелла (около 810 г.) в качестве одного из трех основных календарей (наряду с римским и александрийским). Как показывает анализ структуры, данный календарь представляет собой попытку адаптации к юлианскому году т.н. цельнонедельного 364-дневного иудейского календаря, известного по 1-й Книге Еноха. «Еврейские» названия месяцев близки к приводимым в «Пасхальной хронике» (вряд ли известной Георгию), что позволяет предположить наличие общего источника.The article describes a little-known version of the Hebrew calendar of the “solar” type, which is attested in the chronicle of George Syncellus (circa AD 810) as one of the three main calendars of the world (along with Roman and Alexandrian). The analysis of the structure shows that the calendar is an attempt to adapt to the Julian year of the specific Jewish calendar with 364 days (equal number of weeks) in a year known from the so called 1st Book of Enoch. “Jewish” names of the months are close to those in the Chronicon Paschale (hardly known to George), that suggests a common source of both chronicles