Where less may be more: how the rare biosphere pulls ecosystems strings

Rare species are increasingly recognized as crucial, yet vulnerable components of Earth’s ecosystems. This is also true for microbial communities, which are typically composed of a high number of relatively rare species. Recent studies have demonstrated that rare species can have an over-proportional role in biogeochemical cycles and may be a hidden driver of microbiome function. In this review, we provide an ecological overview of the rare microbial biosphere, including causes of rarity and the impacts of rare species on ecosystem functioning. We discuss how rare species can have a preponderant role for local biodiversity and species turnover with rarity potentially bound to phylogenetically conserved features. Rare microbes may therefore be overlooked keystone species regulating the functioning of host-associated, terrestrial and aquatic environments. We conclude this review with recommendations to guide scientists interested in investigating this rapidly emerging research area

Biologische indicatoren voor de bodemkwaliteit in Nederland

Het BO-akkerbouw project Bodembiologie, dat onderdeel is van de PPS Beter Bodembeheer, heeft als doel om bodembiologische parameters te selecterendie indicatoren kunnen zijn voor een goede bodemkwaliteit. Tevens zullen referentie- en streefwaardes worden vastgesteld voor deze parameter

Microbiële diversiteit en samenstelling van de microbiële gemeenschap in een lange termijn veldexperiment

Recent is er meer aandacht voor de rol van hetmicrobioom in de landbouw. Studies laten zien datmanagement praktijken zoals de toevoeging vanorganische stof, groenbemesters en toevoegingenals chitine veranderingen in de microbiële diversiteit en de samenstelling van de microbiële gemeenschap tot gevolg kunnen hebben. Tegelijkertijd isbekend dat een hogere biodiversiteit o.a. gunstigis voor bodemweerbaarheid, plantgezondheiden het beschikbaar maken van nutriënten en deopbrengst. Ook de samenstelling van de microbiëlegemeenschap heeft hierop invloed

Effect van landbouwsysteem en bodemmaatregelen op nematoden : Samenvattingen van de presentaties gehouden op de 100e bijeenkomst van de werkgroep Bodempathogenen en bodemmicrobiologie.

Bodemgezondheid wordt steeds meer genoemdals uitgangspunt voor een duurzame landbouw.Vanuit de maatschappij wordt de druk steedsgroter om het gebruik van synthetische gewasbeschermingsmiddelen en meststoffen te verlagen.De bodemgezondheidproef is in 2006 opgezet omhet effect van teeltsystemen en bodemmaatregelen op de besmetting met Pratylenchus penetranste toetsen. Daarnaast zijn metingen verricht aanandere bodemparameters om een breder inzichtte verkrijgen in effecten op bodemkwaliteit

Nog veel vragen te beantwoorden in onderzoek 'herkomst bacterieziek'

Het is nog steeds onduidelijk welke bron nu precies verantwoordelijk is voor het ontstaan van de eerste infecties zwartbenigheid en stengelnatrot. Pootgoedtelers die starten met schone miniknollen lopen in de praktijk al tijden het eerste siezoen tegen besmettingen op. De vraag is dus, waar komen deze infecties vandaan? Resultaten uit een twee-jarige survey van gewassen geteeld uit miniknollen en uitgevoerd binnen een topsectorproject geven antwoorden, maar roepen ook vragen op

Development of an on-site LAMP assay for identification of Thaumatotibia leucotreta and Helicoverpa armigera larvae on rose

Current phytosanitary (import) measures for the false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and the cotton bollworm moth Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), do not provide protection to countries located in southern and central portions of the European Union (EU). Only glasshouses in northern parts of the EU benefit from EU wide phytosanitary regulation. The primary pathway for introduction of T. leucotreta and H. armigera into glasshouses in northern parts of the EU is via the import of cut flowers such as roses and to a lesser extent natural spread or migration. A limitating factor to the management and control of T. leucotreta and H. armigera is accurate identification. The aim of this study was to develop a loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for specific identification of T. leucotreta and H. armigera

Variatie in vatbaarheid snijroos voor ralstonia

Alle in de sierteelt bekende stammen van de bacterie Ralstonia pseudo-solanacearum kunnen zich bij snijroos verspreiden in de plant. Dit blijkt uit recent onderzoek. Ziekteontwikkeling is sterk afhankelijk van de temperatuur, de bacteriestam en de cultivar van de roos. Net als in eerder onderzoek zijn infecties aangetoond in symptoomvrije planten

Low abundant soil bacteria can be metabolically versatile and fast growing

The abundance of species is assumed to depend on their life history traits, such as growth rate and resource specialization. However, this assumption has not been tested for bacteria. Here we investigate how abundance of soil bacteria relates to slow growth and substrate specialization (oligotrophy) versus fast growth and substrate generalization (copiotrophy). We collected 47 saprotrophic soil bacterial isolates of differing abundances and measured their growth rate and the ability to use a variety of single carbon sources. Opposite to our expectation, there was no relationship between abundance in soil and the measured growth rate or substrate utilization profile (SUP).However, isolates with lower growth rates used fewer substrates than faster growing ones supporting the assumption that growth rate may relate to substrate specialization. Interestingly, growth rate and SUP were correlated with phylogeny, rather than with abundancein soil. Most markedly, Gammaproteobacteria on average grew significantly faster and were able to use more substrates than other bacterial classes, whereas Alphaproteobacteria were growing relatively slowly and used fewer substrates. This finding suggests that growth and substrate utilization are phylogenetically deeply conserved. We conclude that growth rate and substrate utilization of soil bacteria are not general determinants of their abundance. Future studies on explaining bacterial abundance need to determine how other factors, such as competition, predation and abiotic factors may contribute to rarity or abundance in soil bacteria

Data from: Low abundant soil bacteria can be metabolically versatile and fast growing

The abundance of species is assumed to depend on their life history traits, such as growth rate and resource specialization. However, this assumption has not been tested for bacteria. Here we investigate how abundance of soil bacteria relates to slow growth and substrate specialization (oligotrophy) versus fast growth and substrate generalization (copiotrophy). We collected 47 saprotrophic soil bacterial isolates of differing abundances and measured their growth rate and the ability to use a variety of single carbon sources. Opposite to our expectation, there was no relationship between abundance in soil and the measured growth rate or substrate utilization profile (SUP). However, isolates with lower growth rates used fewer substrates than faster growing ones supporting the assumption that growth rate may relate to substrate specialization. Interestingly, growth rate and SUP were correlated with phylogeny, rather than with abundance in soil. Most markedly, Gammaproteobacteria on average grew significantly faster and were able to use more substrates than other bacterial classes, whereas Alphaproteobacteria were growing relatively slowly and used fewer substrates. This finding suggests that growth and substrate utilization are phylogenetically deeply conserved. We conclude that growth rate and substrate utilization of soil bacteria are not general determinants of their abundance. Future studies on explaining bacterial abundance need to determine how other factors, such as competition, predation and abiotic factors may contribute to rarity or abundance in soil bacteria

Low abundant soil bacteria can be metabolically versatile and fast growing

The abundance of species is assumed to depend on their life history traits, such as growth rate and resource specialization. However, this assumption has not been tested for bacteria. Here we investigate how abundance of soil bacteria relates to slow growth and substrate specialization (oligotrophy) versus fast growth and substrate generalization (copiotrophy). We collected 47 saprotrophic soil bacterial isolates of differing abundances and measured their growth rate and the ability to use a variety of single carbon sources. Opposite to our expectation, there was no relationship between abundance in soil and the measured growth rate or substrate utilization profile (SUP).However, isolates with lower growth rates used fewer substrates than faster growing ones supporting the assumption that growth rate may relate to substrate specialization. Interestingly, growth rate and SUP were correlated with phylogeny, rather than with abundancein soil. Most markedly, Gammaproteobacteria on average grew significantly faster and were able to use more substrates than other bacterial classes, whereas Alphaproteobacteria were growing relatively slowly and used fewer substrates. This finding suggests that growth and substrate utilization are phylogenetically deeply conserved. We conclude that growth rate and substrate utilization of soil bacteria are not general determinants of their abundance. Future studies on explaining bacterial abundance need to determine how other factors, such as competition, predation and abiotic factors may contribute to rarity or abundance in soil bacteria