Evaluation of Ethanolic Extract of Ottelia Alismoides (L.) Pers on the Pain Threshold Response in STZ Induced Diabetic Neuropathic Pain Model in Rats

Aim: The present investigation was aimed to screen the Diabetic neuropathy activity of Ottelia alismoides (L.) PERS on Streptozotocin induced Diabetic Wistar albino rats. Objectives: The objective of the present study to: Find out the phytochemical constituents present in the ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Ottelia alismoides (L.) PERS Acute toxicity studies Evaluation of anti-diabetic activity Blood glucose level, Body Weight, Organ Weight (Liver and Kidney), Estimation of Antioxidant parameters Superoxide dismutase level (SOD), Catalase level (CAT), Reduced glutathione (GSH), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Other parameter: Na+ ,K+, ATPase acivity Estimation of Oxidative stress parameters: Lipid peroxidation (LPO), Estimation of Behavioral assessment parameters: Hot plate (Thermal Hyperalgesia), Cold plate (cold allodynia), Tail immersion (Thermal hyperalgesia), Tail clip (Mechanical hyperalgesia), Tail Flick (Thermal hyperalgesia), Formalin (Chemical hyperalgesia) Histopathological studies of sciatic nerve Statistical analysis SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: The present study was to investigate the Neuroprotective effect of EEOA in experimentally induced diabetic neuropathy in rats. The phytochemical investigation reveals that the presence of tannins, phenols & flavanoids are proved to be effective in diabetic treatment. Diabetogenic effect of STZ is more reproducible and the metabolic changes are much closer to those existing in human diabetes. Hence STZ is considered the drug of choice for the induction of experimental diabetes. The Blood glucose level significantly decreased with treatment of EEOA proves that it has anti-diabetic activity. The study shows marked inhibit in oxidative stress by enhancing reduced activity of antioxidant enzyme SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx, Na+, K+, ATPase & markedly elevate the level of LPO in liver compare to untreated diabetic control animals, these findings further strengthen beneficial effect of Ottelia alismoides as it showed production against STZ induced diabetic neuropathic pain in rats. After 4th week, diabetic control has shown signs of neuropathy while treated group has showed significant improvement in their condition. From this results, it is evident that EEOA has beneficial effect in protective against STZ- induced diabetic neuropathy in rats. Histopathological assessment also showed that the damage caused by STZ to the sciatic nerve is also markedly reduced by the administration of Ottelia alismoides. Finally these findings suggest that Ottelia alismoides treatment must be beneficial to treat pain in diabetic animals

A Novel Method of Fraud Detection of Credit Cards by Fuzzy, LSTM, and PSO Optimization

Since online shopping has become so popular, credit card theft has skyrocketed. This makes it hard to spot fake charges on accounts. In this research, credit card fraud detection is performed using a fuzzy database. It has been considered a data mining challenge to reliably identify whether or not a transaction is legitimate. This paper discusses the LSTM method and fuzzy logic. The learning process was sped up and made more precise by using a technique called particle swarm optimization (PSO). Performance values have been compared with those of the LSTM and fuzzy logic techniques, and a PSO-based neural network has been intensively trained by increasing the number of iterations and the population, or number of swarms. It has been shown that the PSO-based algorithm yields the best result for detecting fraudulent transactions. The goal of this method is to lower the mean square error (MSE) rate of the system. PSO is a popular optimization technique that can be used to locate the optimal set of features for the credit card fraud detection system. The proposed method PSO shows less mean squared error compared with Fuzzy and LSTM techniques

Perspective of CP violation search by modular J-PET detector in the ortho-positronium decay

The positronium atom, a bound state of electron and positron, is a suitable leptonic test site for Charge-Parity (CP) discrete symmetry research. According to the Standard Model, the photon–photon interaction in the final state due to the vacuum polarization may mimic CP violation of the order of 10$^{-9}$, while weak interaction effects lead to a violation of the order of 10$^{-14}$. So far, the experimental limits on CP symmetry violation in the decay of o-Ps are set at the level of 10$^{-3}$. The J-PET detector can be used to explore discrete symmetries by looking for probable non-zero expectation values of the symmetry-odd operators, constructed from spin of ortho-Positronium (o-Ps) and momentum, and polarization vectors of gamma (γ) quanta resulting from o-Ps annihilation. The upgraded version of the J-PET detector, with an additional fourth layer of detection modules increases signal acceptance, which allows to triple the efficiency of γ quanta detection for CP discrete symmetry studies

POTENTIAL OF BAJRA [PENNISETUM GLAUCUM (L.) R. BR.] IN HEALTH AND DISEASE

Bajra, also known as pearl millet, African millet or spiked millet, originated in Northern-Central Sahel of West Africa, was introduced 2500 years ago into Indian subcontinent. However, it is mentioned in Ayurvedic texts from 14th Century AD onwards as Nali under Truna dhanya or Kudhanya vargas. It is considered as a major source of Gluten free diet and is used in the management of Coeliac disease and other gluten allergy conditions worldwide. Indians are also including millet into their day to day diet in accordance with the global trend.  However the conditions of Gluten allergy and Coeliac disease are not common in Southern India. Hence, the necessity of Gluten free diet in South Indian Population is under question. It is hypothesized that excessive millet usage could be a reason behind thyroid dysfunction and goitre. Regular millet only diet may also lead to a nutrition deprived state in people who are not gluten sensitive. Ayurveda also emphasizes on avoidance of regular use of Kudhanyas. This review comprises different aspects of dietary inclusion of Bajra. The properties and usability of Bajra as a gluten free diet, utility of Bajra in populations which are not gluten allergic and the effects of Bajra on health and disease form the core of this review.

Studies on clinical anatomy of the maxillofacial and mandibular regions of the Madras Red sheep (Ovis aries) in India

Background: The present study aimed to study the clinical anatomy of the maxillofacial and mandibular regions of the Madras Red sheep through the morphometric analysis of some clinically important parameters pertaining to the regional anaesthesia.  Materials and methods: The study was conducted in 20 male and 20 female adult Madras Red sheep around 20–25 kg body weight. Eleven parameters re- lated to the clinical regional anaesthesia of the maxillofacial and the mandibular regions were recorded.  Results: The distance between the facial tuberosity to the infraorbital canal was 2.25 ± 0.14 cm in males and 2.14 ± 0.15 cm in females. The distance from the infraorbital canal to the root of the alveolar tooth was 1.73 ± 0.28 cm in males and 1.73 ± 0.13 cm in females. The length and height of the mandibles were 15.37 ± 0.56 cm, 9.00 ± 0.24 cm and in males 14.53 ± 0.24 cm, 9.68 ± 0.16 cm in females, respectively. The maximum height of the mandible to the coro- noid process, width or height of the mandibular foramen and the distance from the condyloid process to the base of the mandible were recorded as 9.0 ± 24, 0.82 ± 0.05, 6.68 ± 0.19 cm in males and 9.68 ± 0.16, 0.83 ± 0.04, 6.25 ± ± 0.28 cm in females, respectively.  Conclusions: The present study revealed that most of the parameters showed statistically significant difference between the sexes i.e. the males had higher values. However, from the practical point of view, these differences were meagre. The results were discussed with regard to their clinical applications in various regional anaesthesia performed in maxillofacial and mandibular regions of the Madras Red sheep.

Governing accelerating Universe via newly reconstructed Hubble parameter by employing empirical data simulations

A new parametrization of the phenomenological Hubble parameter is proposed to explore the issue of the cosmological landscape. The constraints on model parameters are derived through the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method by employing a comprehensive union of datasets such as 34 data points from cosmic chronometers (CC), 42 points from baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO), a recently updated set of 1701 Pantheon$^+$ (P22) data points derived from Type Ia supernovae (SNeIa), and 162 data points from gamma-ray bursts (GRB). The kinematic behavior of the models is also investigated by encompassing the transition from deceleration to acceleration and the evolution of the jerk parameter. From the analysis of the parametric models, it is strongly indicated that the Universe is currently undergoing an accelerated phase. Furthermore, the models are compared by using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), so that a comparative assessment of model performance can be available.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figure

A rare case of beta-ketothiolase deficiency in identical twins

Betaketothiolase deficiency is a rare defect of isoleucine and ketone body metabolism which manifests as severe metabolic acidosis following common viral illnesses. A set of 1 year, 8 month-old identical male twins presented with similar symptoms in different time frames. Both of them had severe metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and altered sensorium. Both twins tested positive for beta-ketothiolase deficiency by urine gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The children responded to symptomatic treatment and are now growing well on a protein-restricted diet. Beta-ketothiolase deficiency is a rare disorder of amino acid metabolism with a favorable outcome if preventive measures are taken early