Nuclear targeting of the serine protease granzyme A (fragmentin-1)

Cytolytic granule-mediated target cell killing is effected in part through synergistic action of the membrane-acting protein perforin and serine proteases such as granzymes A (GrA) or B (GrB). In the present study we examine GrA cellular entry and nuclear uptake in intact mouse myeloid FDC-P1 cells exposed to perforin using confocal laser scanning microscopy, as well as reconstitute GrA nuclear uptake in vitro. GrA alone was found to be able to enter the cytoplasm of intact cells but did not accumulate in nuclei. In the presence of perforin, it specifically accumulated in the cell nuclei, with maximal levels about 2.5 times those in the cytoplasm after 2. 5 hours. In vitro, GrA accumulated in the nucleus and nucleolus maximally to levels that were four- and sixfold, respectively, those in the cytoplasm. In contrast, the active form of the apoptotic cysteine protease CPP32 did not accumulate in nuclei in vitro. Nuclear/nucleolar import of GrA in vitro was independent of ATP and not inhibitable by the non-hydrolyzable GTP analog GTPgammaS, but was dependent on exogenously added cytosol. Importantly, GrA was found to be able to accumulate in the nucleus of semi-intact cells in the presence of the nuclear envelope-permeabilizing detergent CHAPS, implying that the mechanism of nuclear accumulation was through binding to insoluble factors in the nucleus. GrB was found for the first time to be similar in this regard. The results support the contention that GrA and GrB accumulate in the nucleus through a novel nuclear import pathway, and that this is integral to induction of the nuclear changes associated with cytolytic granule-mediated apoptosis.David A. Jans, Lyndall J. Briggs, Patricia Jans, Christopher J. Froelich, Gayathri Parasivam, Sharad Kumar, Vivien R. Sutton and Joseph A. Trapan

Synthesis, magnetoresistance, and thermoelectrical properties of environmentally stable n-type nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes

This work was funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) project no. 1.1.1.1/19/A/138. A.S. and K. S. acknowledge the funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-Teaming Phase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2.Nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (N-MWCNTs) are known as a perspective material for a variety of applications in nanoelectronic devices, sensors, catalysts for carbon dioxide reduction, and flexible thermoelectrics. However, up to date most of the reports on the properties of N-MWCNTs are focused on a narrow niche of research, for example, a study of low-temperature magnetoresistance or room-temperature thermoelectrical properties. In this work, N-MWCNTs were synthesized using benzene:pyridine precursor in different ratios, and both magnetoresistance and thermoelectrical properties of the synthesized N-MWCNTs were systematically investigated in the temperature range 2-300 K and compared with the properties of undoped MWCNTs. Unexpected switching of the magnetoresistance of the N-MWCNTs at low temperatures from negative to positive values was observed, and the processes underlying this effect are discussed. The study of the thermoelectrical properties revealed n-type conductance in the N-MWCNTs, which was attributed to the impact of nitrogen defects incorporated in the MWCNT structure. Performed for the first-time investigations of the thermal stability of the Seebeck coefficient of N-MWCNTs in air revealed that the Seebeck coefficient retains its negative values and even increases after annealing of the N-MWCNTs in air at 500 °C. These findings illustrate the high potential of the presented in this work N-MWCNTs for applications in different devices in a wide range of temperatures. --//-- Jana Andzane, Mikhail V. Katkov, Krisjanis Buks, Anatolijs Sarakovskis, Krisjanis Smits, Donats Erts, Synthesis, magnetoresistance, and thermoelectrical properties of environmentally stable n-type nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Carbon Trends, Volume 13, 2023,100302, ISSN 2667-0569, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cartre.2023.100302. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667056923000573). Published under the CC BY-NC-ND licence.ERDF project no. 1.1.1.1/19/A/138. A.S; European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-Teaming Phase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2

Two-nucleon knockout contributions to the 12^{12}C(e,e′p)(e,e'p) reaction in the dip and {Δ\Delta}(1232) regions

The contributions from $^{12}$C$(e,e'pn)$ and $^{12}$C$(e,e'pp)$ to the semi-exclusive $^{12}$C$(e,e'p)$ cross section have been calculated in an unfactorized model for two-nucleon emission. We assume direct two-nucleon knockout after virtual photon coupling with the two-body pion-exchange currents in the target nucleus. Results are presented at several kinematical conditions in the dip and $\Delta$(1232) regions. The calculated two-nucleon knockout strength is observed to account for a large fraction of the measured $(e,e'p)$ strength above the two-nucleon emission threshold.Comment: 12 Revtex pages, 4 postscript figures (available upon request), University of Gent preprint SSF94-02-0

Common incidental findings on sacroiliac joint MRI in children clinically suspected of juvenile spondyloarthritis

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of incidental findings on sacroiliac (SI) joint MRI in children clinically suspected of Juvenile Spondyloarthritis (JSpA). METHODS: In this retrospective multi-center study of 540 children clinically suspected of JSpA who underwent MRI of SI joints from February 2012 to May 2018, the prevalence of sacroiliitis and other incidental findings was recorded. RESULTS: In 106/540 (20 %) children MRI features of sacroiliitis were present. In 228 (42 %) patients MRI showed at least one incidental finding other than sacroiliitis. A total of 271 abnormal findings were reported. The most frequent incidental findings were at lumbosacral spine (158 patients, 29 %) and hip (43 patients, 8 %). The most common incidental finding was axial degenerative changes, seen in 94 patients (17 %). Other less frequent pathologies were: simple (bone) cyst in 15 (2,8 %) patients; enthesitis/tendinitis in 16 (3 %) patients; non-specific focal bone marrow edema (BME) away from SI joints in 10 (1,9 %) patients; ovarian cysts in 7 (1,3 %) patients; BME in the course of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) in 4 (0,7 %) patients; muscle pathology in 4 (0,7%) patients; benign tumors in 3 (0,6 %) patients; (old) fractures in 3 (0,6 %) patients; bony apophyseal avulsion in 2 (0,4 %) patients and malignant tumors in 2 (0,4 %) patients. CONCLUSION: Incidental findings are common on MRI of the SI joints in children clinically suspected of JSpA, particularly at the lumbar spine and hips. They are seen even more frequently than sacroiliitis and can be relevant, as some will have clinical significance or require treatment

Gastropod Community An Vertical Distribution Pattern Of Littoraria Scabra (Linnaeus, 1758) In Mangrove Ecosystem, Tombariri District, Nort Sulawesi

The Coast water of Tombariri District is an area that has a main ecosystem like mangroves, seagrass, and reef.  This research is to aim to know the species various, the structure of the gastropod community, and the vertical distribution pattern of Littoraria scabra in the mangrove ecosystem in Tombariri District, North Sulawesi.  Process of gastropod sampling horizontally where transects were put horizontal coastline on every location including Mokupa, Elu, and Tambala.   Every transect long has 65 m and also has every transect has 15 quadrats where every quadrat is one-meter square. Therefore, every transect has 15 quadrats, so a total of 45 quadrats. Every quadrant was put systematic method, that is, at terrestrial closing mangrove of 5 quadrats, middle mangrove of 5 quadrats, and coast close mangrove of 5 quadrats.  Process of sampling particularly L.scabra where taking vertically, especially on microhabitats that is, roots, stems, branches, and leaves of mangroves. High measuring by meter unit,  conducted from the ground where L.scabra found at mangrove until the top vegetation.  Based on the result of observation on the identification of gastropod sampling found in the mangrove ecosystem, Tombariri District, North Sulawesi as many 235 of individuals consisting of 5 orders, 23 families, and 32 genera having 78 species.  The density of species on every location Mokupa, Elu and Tambala, that is, (D) = 4.60, 5.47, and 5.60 in ind/m2, index of diversity,(H) = 2.54, 3.07, and 3.51 and index of dominance, ID = 0.04, 0.07 and 0.13. Keywords: Microhabitat, density, diversity, and dominance Abstrak Perairan pantai Kecamatan Tombariri merupakan daerah yang memiliki ekosistim utama pesisir seperti mangrove, lamun, dan terumbu karang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis, struktur komunitas gastropoda dan pola distribusi vertikal spesies Littoraria scabra di ekosistem mangrove Kecamatan Tombariri, Sulawesi Utara. Proses pengambilan sampel gastropoda secara horizontal, di mana transek ditempatkan sejajar garis pantai pada setiap lokasi yakni di Mokupa, Elu, dan Tambala. Panjang setiap transek 65 m dan setiap transek memiliki 15 kuadrat di mana kuadrat berukuran 1 x 1 m.  Setiap transek punya 15 kuadrat sehingga total  kuadrat seluruh transek adalah 45 kuadrat. Penempatan kuadrat menggunakan metode sistematik yaitu di bagian darat 5 kuadrat, pertengahan 5 kuadrat  dan  mangrove pinggir  laut 5 kuadrat. Proses pengambilan sampel secara vertikal khusus Littoraria scabra, di mikrohabitat akar, batang, cabang dan daun mangrove,Sementara pengambilan sampel L.scabra diukur ketinggian di mana spesies Littoraria scabra ditemukan ldi pohon mangrove dengan menggunakan meteran, dimulai dari dasar sampai ke ujung pohon mangrove. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan dan identifikasi sampel gastropoda yang ditemukan di ekosistem mangrove Kecamatan Tombariri, Sulawesi Utara ditemukan sebanyak 235 individu yang terbagi ke dalam 5 ordo, 23 famili dan 32 genera dari 78 spesies. Kepadatan Jenis pada masing-masing lokasi = 4,60, 5,47, dan 5,60 ind/m2. Keanekaragaman H’= 2,54, 3,07, dan 3,51. Dominansi C= 0,04, 0,07, dan 0,13. Kata Kunci : Mikrohabitat, Kepadatan, Keanekaragaman, Dominansi

Gastropod Community On Seagrass Ecosystem in Makalisung coast

The aim of the research is to know various species of gastropods and gastropod community structure through species density, percent density, dominant species, and association of species of gastropods on seagrass ecosystem. Research with the method of quadrat transect is put perpendicular to the coastline. Gastropod species are found in the seagrass ecosystem on the Makalisung coast consist of 9 species, 7 families, and 4 ordos. Gastropod community structure on seagrass ecosystem is found with species density is highest Cymbiola nivosa as big as 0.64 (ind/m2) with highest percent density 34.04 %. Diversity of species of gastropods on four-station that H’> 1 highest in fouth station as big as H’= 1.72. The dominance of species is highest Cymbiola nivosa as big as C=0.44, where the result of research in generally dominancy C 1 di mana tertinggi stasiun 4 sebesar H’= 1,72; dominansi total tertinggi adalah spesis Cymbiola nivosa sebesar C=0,44, di mana hasil penelitian secara umum dominansi C < 0,25 adalah tergolong rendah. Asosiasi spesis gastropoda di ekosistem lamun ditemukan tiga ciri, (1) klasifikasi golongan asosiasi positif adalahCypraea tigris dan Monetaria annulus,Cypraea tigris dan Cymbiola nivosa, Strombus labiatus dan Cyclope pellucida, Strombus labiatus dan Cymbiola nivosa, Monetaria annulus dan Cerithiun nodulosum, Cymbiola nivosa dan Cerithiun nodulosum; Cerithiu nodulosum dan Angaria dephinus dan Faunus ater. Klasifikasi golongan tidak berasosiasi (2) Angaria dephinus dan asosiasi mendekati zero (0,04) yaitu Monetaria annulus dan Cymbiola nivosa. Dan klasifikasi golongan asosiasi negatif, hasil penelitian sebagian besar menunjukkan asosiasi negatif pasangan spesis gastropoda di ekosistem lamun.Kata kunci : Gastropoda, Kepadatan, Diversitas, Dominansi, Asosiasi

A Tri-National program for estimating the link between snow resources and hydrological droughts

To evaluate how summer low flows and droughts are affected by the winter snowpack, a Tri-National effort will analyse data from three catchments: Alpbach (Prealps, central Switzerland), Gudjaretis-Tskali (Little Caucasus, central Georgia), and Kamenice (Jizera Mountains, northern Czech Republic). Two GIS-based rainfall-runoff models will simulate over 10 years of runoff in streams based on rain and snowfall measurements, and further meteorological variables. The models use information on the geographical settings of the catchments together with knowledge of the hydrological processes of runoff generation from rainfall, looking particularly at the relationship between spring snowmelt and summer droughts. These processes include snow accumulation and melt, evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge in spring that contributes to (the) summer runoff, and will be studied by means of the environmental isotopes 18O and 2H. Knowledge about the isotopic composition of the different water sources will allow to identify the flow paths and estimate the residence time of snow meltwater in the subsurface and its contribution to the stream. The application of the models in different nested or neighbouring catchments will explore their potential for further development and allow a better early prediction of low-flow periods in various mountainous zones across Europe. The paper presents the planned activities including a first analysis of already available dataset of environmental isotopes, discharge, snow water equivalent and modelling experiments of the (already) available datasets

Types and Size Distribution of Parrotfish (Family Scaridae) Caught with Gillnets in the Waters off Taduna Village, Kabaruan Island.

The objective of this research is to identify the types and size distribution of parrotfish in the waters of Taduna Village. The research was conducted using sampling methods. Samples were collected over a period of two months from the catches landed in Taduna Village by local fishermen. The fishermen used gillnets for their catches. The length of each fish was measured from the tip of the mouth to the end of the tail using a millimeter-scale ruler with a precision of 0.1 cm. The weight of the fish was measured using a digital scale with a resolution of one gram. The length of each species was analyzed using frequency distribution and presented in length and weight histograms. Based on the data obtained from the measurements of Family Scaridae fish, a total of 53 individuals were collected, consisting of 8 species: Chorurus bleekeri (11 individuals), Calotomus carolinus (4 individuals), Chorurus japanensis (6 individuals), Chlorurus microrhinos (2 individuals), Scarus frenatus (16 individuals), Scarus russell (4 individuals), Scarus spinus (5 individuals), and Scarus tricolor (5 individuals). The distribution of Family Scaridae fish in the waters off Taduna Village shows varying lengths and weights for each species. For example, Chorurus bleekeri ranged from 18.9 to 26.5 cm in length and weighed between 150 and 394 grams, Chorurus japanensis had a length distribution between 17.5 and 27.4 cm and weighed from 119 to 465 grams, and Scarus frenatus ranged from 18.3 to 24.5 cm in length and weighed between 117 and 308 grams." Keywords: Parrotfish, Scaridae, Types, Size, Kabaruan. Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui jenis dan distribusi ukuran ikan kakatua di perairan Desa Taduna. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sampling. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dalam waktu dua bulan dari hasil tangkapan nelayan yang didaratkan di Desa Taduna. Alat yang digunakan nelayan adalah jaring insang mono filamen.&nbsp; Seluruh panjang ikan diukur dari ujung mulut hingga ujung ekor dengan penggaris skala milimeter dengan ketelitian 0,1 cm. Berat ikan diukur dengan timbangan digital dengan resolusi satu gram. Panjang setiap spesies dianalisis menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan ditampilkan dalam histogram panjang dan berat. Berdasarkan data hasil pengukuran ikan Famili Scaridae diperoleh sebanyak 53 individu yang terdiri dari 8 spesies yaitu Chorurus bleekeri (11 individu), Calotomus carolinus (4 individu), Chorurus japanensis (6 individu), Chlorurus microrhinos (2 individu), Scarus frenatus (16 individu), Scarus russellii (4 individu), Scarus spinus (5 individu) dan Scarus tricolor (5 individu). Distribusi ikan Famili Scaridae di perairan depan Desa Taduna memiliki ukuran panjang&nbsp; dan berat yang bervariasi yaitu spesies Chorurus bleekeri berkisar 18,9-26,5 cm dan berat 150-394 gram, Chorurus japanensis memiliki distribusi ukuran panjang berkisar 17,5-27,4 cm dan berat 119-465 gram dan Scarus frenatus memiliki distribusi ukuran panjang berkisar 18,3-24,5 cm dan berat 117-308 gram. Kata kunci : Ikan kakatua, Scaridae, Jenis, Ukuran, Kabarua