697 research outputs found
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Evaluating candidate reactions to selection practices using organisational justice theory
Objectives: This study aimed to examine candidate reactions to selection practices in postgraduate medical training using organisational justice theory.
Methods: We carried out three independent cross-sectional studies using samples from three consecutive annual recruitment rounds. Data were gathered from candidates applying for entry into UK general practice (GP) training during 2007, 2008 and 2009. Participants completed an evaluation questionnaire immediately after the short-listing stage and after the selection centre (interview) stage. Participants were doctors applying for GP training in the UK. Main outcome measures were participants’ evaluations of the selection methods and perceptions of the overall fairness of each selection stage (short-listing and selection centre).
Results: A total of 23 855 evaluation questionnaires were completed (6893 in 2007, 10 497 in 2008 and 6465 in 2009). Absolute levels of perceptions of fairness of all the selection methods at both the short-listing and selection centre stages were consistently high over the 3 years. Similarly, all selection methods were considered to be job-related by candidates. However, in general, candidates considered the selection centre stage to be significantly fairer than the short-listing stage. Of all the selection methods, the simulated patient consultation completed at the selection centre stage was rated as the most job-relevant.
Conclusions: This is the first study to use a model of organisational justice theory to evaluate candidate reactions during selection into postgraduate specialty training. The high-fidelity selection methods are consistently viewed as more job-relevant and fairer by candidates. This has important implications for the design of recruitment systems for all specialties and, potentially, for medical school admissions. Using this approach, recruiters can systematically compare perceptions of the fairness and job relevance of various selection methods
Effect of intraportal human islet transplantation on kidney graft survival in simultaneous kidney-islet allografts.
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Comparative study of cyclosporine and FK 506 dosage requirements in adult and pediatric orthotopic liver transplant patients
Improving results of pediatric renal transplantation
BACKGROUND: Outcome after renal transplantation in children has been variable. We undertook a retrospective study of our experience over the past five years. STUDY DESIGN: From January 1, 1988, to October 15, 1992, 60 renal transplantations were performed upon 59 children at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. Twenty-eight (47 percent) of the kidneys were from cadaveric donors, and 32 (53 percent) were from living donors. The recipients ranged in age from 0.8 to 17.4 years, with a mean of 9.8 ± 4.8 years. Forty-six (77 percent) recipients were undergoing a first transplant, while 14 (23 percent) received a second or third transplant. Eight (13 percent) of the patients were sensitized, with a panel reactive antibody of more than 40 percent. Eleven of the 14 patients undergoing retransplantation and seven of the eight patients who were sensitized received kidneys from cadaveric donors. Thirty- three (55 percent) patients received cyclosporine-based immunosuppression, and 27 (45 percent) received FK506 as the primary immunosuppressive agent. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 36 months, with a range of six to 63 months. The one- and four-year actuarial patient survival rate was 100 and 98 percent. The one- and four-year actuarial graft survival rate was 98 and 83 percent. For living donor recipients, the one- and four-year actuarial patient survival rate was 100 and 100 percent; for cadaveric recipients, it was 100 and 96 percent. Corresponding one- and four-year actuarial graft survival rates were 100 and 95 percent for the living donor recipients and 96 and 69 percent for the cadaveric recipients. Patients on cyclosporine had a one- and four-year patient survival rate of 100 and 97 percent, and patients on FK506 had a one- and three-year patient survival rate of 100 and 100 percent. Corresponding one- and four-year actuarial graft survival rates were 100 and 85 percent in the cyclosporine group, while one- and three-year actuarial graft survival rates were 96 and 84 percent in the FK506 group. The mean serum creatinine level was 1.24 ± 0.64 mg per dL; the blood urea nitrogen level was 26 ± 13 mg per dL. The incidence of rejection was 47 percent; 75 percent of the rejections were steroid-responsive. The incidence of cytomegalovirus was 10 percent. The incidence of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder was 8 percent. None of the patients on cyclosporine were able to be taken off prednisone; 56 percent of the patients receiving FK506 were taken off prednisone successfully. Early growth and development data suggest that the patients receiving FK506 off prednisone had significant gains in growth. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the idea that renal transplantation is a successful therapy for end-stage renal disease in children. They also illustrate the potential benefits of a new immunosuppressive agent, FK506
Grey and white matter correlates of recent and remote autobiographical memory retrieval:Insights from the dementias
The capacity to remember self-referential past events relies on the integrity of a distributed neural network. Controversy exists, however, regarding the involvement of specific brain structures for the retrieval of recently experienced versus more distant events. Here, we explored how characteristic patterns of atrophy in neurodegenerative disorders differentially disrupt remote versus recent autobiographical memory. Eleven behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia, 10 semantic dementia, 15 Alzheimer's disease patients and 14 healthy older Controls completed the Autobiographical Interview. All patient groups displayed significant remote memory impairments relative to Controls. Similarly, recent period retrieval was significantly compromised in behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease, yet semantic dementia patients scored in line with Controls. Voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging analyses, for all participants combined, were conducted to investigate grey and white matter correlates of remote and recent autobiographical memory retrieval. Neural correlates common to both recent and remote time periods were identified, including the hippocampus, medial prefrontal, and frontopolar cortices, and the forceps minor and left hippocampal portion of the cingulum bundle. Regions exclusively implicated in each time period were also identified. The integrity of the anterior temporal cortices was related to the retrieval of remote memories, whereas the posterior cingulate cortex emerged as a structure significantly associated with recent autobiographical memory retrieval. This study represents the first investigation of the grey and white matter correlates of remote and recent autobiographical memory retrieval in neurodegenerative disorders. Our findings demonstrate the importance of core brain structures, including the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, irrespective of time period, and point towards the contribution of discrete regions in mediating successful retrieval of distant versus recently experienced events
Opinion Poll: Big Data Implementation of Unstructured Data Analytics of Social Network Reviews Using Sentiment Analysis SVM
Recent systems developed are dependent on user feedbacks or opinions. These feedbacks or opinions are generated in volumes everyday which are difficult to filter and analyse. We propose Sentiment based analysis is the major key in categorizing the user\u27s Feedback. In thispaper, we study the processing of all the reviews posted in an online shopping application and classify them using SVM. We use big data to analyze the vast amounts of data generated. User reviews are the input to the Big Data HDFS System. Data are stored in the Data Nodes. Index is maintained in the Name Node. Reviews are analyzed using Sentiment Analysis and Positive Negative Tweets are classified. Also products are recommended based on the previous purchases and group notification is sent to all the customers in a group
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New machine-marked tests for selection into core medical training: evidence from two validation studies
The objective of this study was to examine whether two machine-marked tests (MMTs), a clinical problem-solving test (CPS) and a situational judgement test (SJT, focusing on professional dilemmas), previously validated for selection into general practice (GP) training in the UK, could provide a valid selection methodology for shortlisting into core medical training (CMT). An exploratory longitudinal design was used to examine the psychometric properties of the MMTs for CMT applicants, and the correlation between MMT scores (time 1) and subsequent CMT interview outcomes (time 2). Independent samples from two consecutive years were used: in 2008 a retrospective analysis of data was used, while in 2009, doctors applying for CMT were asked to complete the MMTs for evaluation purposes. In 2008, a total of 1,711 doctors applied to both CMT and GP training and completed the MMTs. In 2009, a total of 2,265 doctors who applied for CMT completed the MMTs for evaluation purposes. The main outcome measure was the CMT applicants’ interview score. Both the CPS and SJT had good reliability and score distributions for 2008 and 2009 CMT samples, similar to the GP comparison samples. The MMTs were good predictors of performance in the CMT interviews (r0.56, p0.001 in 2008, and r0.61, p0.001 in 2009 for both MMTs combined) and offered incremental validity over the current shortlisting process. The GP MMTs offer an appropriate measurement methodology for selection into CMT, representing a significant innovation for developing selection methodology for CMT. Longer-term studies should be undertaken to assess the validity of all selection techniques used, in terms of CMT training outcome
Two-body Photodisintegration of He with Full Final State Interaction
The cross sections of the processes He()H and
He()He are calculated taking into account the full final
state interaction via the Lorentz integral transform (LIT) method. This is the
first consistent microscopic calculation beyond the three--body breakup
threshold. The results are obtained with a semirealistic central NN potential
including also the Coulomb force. The cross sections show a pronounced dipole
peak at 27 MeV which lies within the rather broad experimental band. At higher
energies, where experimental uncertainties are considerably smaller, one finds
a good agreement between theory and experiment. The calculated sum of three--
and four--body photodisintegration cross sections is also listed and is in fair
agreement with the data.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figure
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