206 research outputs found

    A ballistic laser gravimeter for a symmetrical measurement method with the inductive-dynamic catapult and auto-seismic vibration preventing

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    A ballistic laser gravimeter (BLG) with a symmetrical measurement method of the gravity acceleration (GA) is considered. Special treatment is given to the problem of eliminating the measurement error due throw of the catapult when it speeds up the test body (TB). It is possible to decrease the indicated errors thanks to the use of the induction and dynamic catapult. However, a short-term boost catapult generates vibrations of the basement (i.e. a pillar) and the mechanical elements of the gravimeter, what causes auto-seismic (i.e. recoil-related) component of the measurement error. To reduce them it is proposed to launch the TB with the help of a massive platform, installed on a light spring. It is shown, that the considered BLG can provide auto-seismic component of the measurement error of less than 1 ΞΌGal. With the reduction of the light spring constant the auto-seismic component of GA measurement uncertainty is reduced. The value of this measurement error can be reduced by the use of damping in the system of BG protection from auto-seismic fluctuations. A concept of BLG with induction-dynamic catapult for symmetric method of gravitational acceleration measuring is presented. The concept is based on using electromagnetic compensator of stiffness

    МИВНА ΠŸΠžΠ›Π†Π’Π˜ΠšΠ Π”Π•Π Π–ΠΠ’Π˜ ΠšΠ Π†Π—Π¬ ΠŸΠ Π˜Π—ΠœΠ£ Π‘Π’Π˜ΠœΠ£Π›Π†Π’ ВА ΠžΠ‘ΠœΠ•Π–Π•ΠΠ¬

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    The article examines the place of the customs policy in the state financial policy. It has been established that the state’s customs policy is interrelated with the tax and budget policy of the state, because at the expense of customs payments (which are tax payments), implementation of the revenue part of the budget of the country is ensured. Due to revenues to the budget, redistribution of funds to various directions of social and economic development of the state is ensured. It has been proved that tax and customs policies have different goals. The tax policy is aimed at replenishing the state budget, and customs policy β€” not only contributes to the replenishment of the budget, but also regulates the processes of export and import, protects national commodity producers. The existence of a legal conflict with the controlling bodies responsible for budget, tax and customs policy has been established. The norms of the law do not provide for a clear distribution of powers between the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine and the bodies of the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine. The list of existing customs principles has been improved by adding the principles of the obligation to pay customs payments; preferences; restrictions or prohibitions on import of goods into the customs territory of Ukraine; fiscal sufficiency; stability; implementation. The place of Ukraine in the ranking of logistics efficiency is analyzed. It is established that Ukraine lost 19 positions in terms of the value of the index of logistics efficiency over the past two years. On the basis of the analysis of the logistics efficiency index, it was established that the lowest indicators of Ukraine are related to the customs clearance of goods (130 place in the rating), simplicity and prices of the organization of deliveries (95th place in the rating); Competence and quality of service provision (95th place in the rating). Based on the analysis of the norms of the Customs Code of Ukraine, tools for stimulating and limiting the use of customs privileges are summarized. Stimulation is manifested in preferential terms of taxation (exemption from taxation, lower rates of duty, tariff quotas). Limitations are limited-term privileges; a list of goods that can be imported into the territory of Ukraine in a certain amount without payment of the duty; the need to confirm the use of goods that were imported on preferential terms).ИсслСдовано мСсто Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² финансовой ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ государства. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ тамоТСнная ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° государства взаимосвязана с Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ государства, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ Π·Π° счСт Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ (ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΠΌΠΈ) обСспСчиваСтся Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ части Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π° страны. Π—Π° счСт поступлСний Π² Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ обСспСчиваСтся пСрСраспрСдСлСниС срСдств Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ направлСния ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-экономичСского развития государства. Π”ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ налоговая ΠΈ тамоТСнная ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΈ. Налоговая ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π° государства, Π° тамоТСнная ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° β€” Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ способствуСт пополнСнию Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ процСссы экспорта ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π°, Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‰Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. УстановлСно сущСствованиС ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ², отвСтствСнных Π·Π° Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΡƒΡŽ, Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒ. Нормы Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ распрСдСлСния ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠœΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠΌ финансов Π£ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ГосударствСнной Ρ„ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ слуТбы Π£ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹. Π£ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π° Π·Π° счСт добавлСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΡƒΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ; прСфСрСнционности; ограничСния ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π° Π²Π²ΠΎΠ·Π° Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡŽ Π£ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹; Ρ„ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ достаточности; ΡΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ; ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ.ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ мСсто Π£ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Π² Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅ эффСктивности логистики. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ индСкса эффСктивности логистики Π·Π° послСдниС Π΄Π²Π° Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π£ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΈΠ½Π° потСряла 19 ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΉ. На основС Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° индСкса эффСктивности логистики установлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ самыС Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π£ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ связаны с Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·Π° (130 мСсто Π² Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅), простота ΠΈ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ поставок (95 мСсто Π² Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅); ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ качСство прСдоставлСния услуг (95 мСсто Π² Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅).На основании Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ Π’Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ кодСкса Π£ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½Ρ‹ инструмСнты стимулирования ΠΈ ограничСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π»ΡŒΠ³ΠΎΡ‚. Π‘Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ проявляСтся Π² Π»ΡŒΠ³ΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… условиях налогооблоТСния (освобоТдСниС ΠΎΡ‚ налогооблоТСния; ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ставки ΠΏΠΎΡˆΠ»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ„Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹). ΠžΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ носят Π»ΡŒΠ³ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ с ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ сроком дСйствия; ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡŽ Π£ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ количСствС Π±Π΅Π· ΡƒΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΡˆΠ»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹; Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ подтвСрТдСния Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ использования Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Π²Π²Π΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π½Π° Π»ΡŒΠ³ΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… условиях.ДослідТСно місцС ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡ— ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρƒ фінансовій ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΈΡ†Ρ– Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²ΠΈ. УстановлСно, Ρ‰ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²ΠΈ взаємопов’язана Π· ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡŽ Ρ– Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²ΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠΊΡ–Π»ΡŒΠΊΠΈ Π·Π° Ρ€Π°Ρ…ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΆΡ–Π² (які Ρ” ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΠΌΠΈ) Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΡƒΡ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ виконання Π΄ΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΎΡ— частини Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Ρƒ ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ—Π½ΠΈ. Π—Π° Ρ€Π°Ρ…ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π°Π΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎ Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Ρƒ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΡƒΡ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Π» ΠΊΠΎΡˆΡ‚Ρ–Π² Π½Π° Ρ€Ρ–Π·Π½Ρ– напрями ΡΠΎΡ†Ρ–Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΊΡƒ Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²ΠΈ. Π”ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‰ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° Ρ‚Π° ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Ρ–Π·Π½Ρ– Ρ†Ρ–Π»Ρ–. ΠŸΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° спрямована Π½Π° поповнСння Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²ΠΈ, Π° ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° β€” Π½Π΅ Ρ‚Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠΊΠΈ сприяє поповнСнню Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Ρƒ, Π° ΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΡŽΡ” процСси Скспорту Ρ‚Π° Ρ–ΠΌΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Ρƒ, Π·Π°Ρ…ΠΈΡ‰Π°Ρ” Π½Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π². УстановлСно існування ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ— ΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π·Ρ–Ρ— Ρ‰ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Ρ–Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŽ, які Ρ” Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π° Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π½Ρƒ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρƒ Ρ– ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Норми законодавства Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π±Π°Ρ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‡Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Π»Ρƒ повноваТСнь ΠΌΡ–ΠΆ ΠœΡ–Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠΌ фінансів Π£ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ—Π½ΠΈ Ρ‚Π° ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π”Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡ— Ρ„Ρ–ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— слуТби Π£ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ—Π½ΠΈ. УдосконалСно ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π»Ρ–ΠΊ наявних ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡ–Π² ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡ— справи Π·Π° Ρ€Π°Ρ…ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠΊ додавання ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡ–Π² обов’язковості сплати ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΆΡ–Π²; прСфСрСнційності; обмСТСння Π°Π±ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ввСзСння Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€Ρ–Π² Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρƒ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ–ΡŽ Π£ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ—Π½ΠΈ; Ρ„Ρ–ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— достатності; ΡΡ‚Π°Π±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ–; Ρ–ΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ—. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ місцС Π£ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ—Π½ΠΈ Π² Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³Ρƒ СфСктивності логістики. УстановлСно, Ρ‰ΠΎ Π·Π° індСксом СфСктивності логістики Π·Π° останні Π΄Π²Π° Ρ€ΠΎΠΊΠΈ Π£ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ—Π½Π° Π²Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π° 19 ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†Ρ–ΠΉ. На основі Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Ρƒ індСксу СфСктивності логістики встановлСно, Ρ‰ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΆΡ‡Ρ– ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π£ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ—Π½ΠΈ пов’язані Π· ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΌ оформлСнням Π²Π°Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΆΡƒ (130-Ρ‚Π΅ місцС Π² Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³Ρƒ), простота Ρ– Ρ†Ρ–Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Ρ–Π·Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— поставок (95 місцС Π² Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³Ρƒ); ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ– ΡΠΊΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ надання послуг (95-Ρ‚Π΅ місцС Π² Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³Ρƒ). На підставі Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Ρƒ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ ΠœΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ кодСксу Π£ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ—Π½ΠΈ ΡƒΠ·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΎ інструмСнти ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡŽΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Ρ‚Π° обмСТСння ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ застосуванні ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ–Π»ΡŒΠ³. Π‘Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡŽΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡ–Π»ΡŒΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… ΡƒΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ… оподаткування (Π·Π²Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²Ρ–Π΄ оподаткування; Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ– ставки ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π°, Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ„Π½Ρ– ΠΊΠ²ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ). ΠžΠ±ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡƒΠ²Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ ΠΌΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ–Π»ΡŒΠ³ΠΈ Π· Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Ρ–Ρ—; ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π»Ρ–ΠΊ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€Ρ–Π², які ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Π° Π²Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ–ΡŽ Π£ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ—Π½ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Π²Π½Ρ–ΠΉ ΠΊΡ–Π»ΡŒΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ– Π±Π΅Π· сплати ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π°; Π΄ΠΎΡ†Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ підтвСрдТСння Ρ†Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ використання Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€Ρ–Π², які Π±ΡƒΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π²Π΅Π·Π΅Π½Π½Ρ– Π½Π° ΠΏΡ–Π»ΡŒΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… ΡƒΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ….

    One-pot three-component synthesis of 3-cyano-4-methyl-2,6-dioxopyridine amino enones

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    (Z)-5-(Arylaminomethylidene)-4-methyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carbonitriles were obtained by three-component condensation of 4-methyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carbonitrile with aromatic amines and trimethyl orthoformate in DMF. According to X-ray data, in the solid phase they exist as amino enone tautomer

    Non-homologous isofunctional enzymes: A systematic analysis of alternative solutions in enzyme evolution

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Evolutionarily unrelated proteins that catalyze the same biochemical reactions are often referred to as analogous - as opposed to homologous - enzymes. The existence of numerous alternative, non-homologous enzyme isoforms presents an interesting evolutionary problem; it also complicates genome-based reconstruction of the metabolic pathways in a variety of organisms. In 1998, a systematic search for analogous enzymes resulted in the identification of 105 Enzyme Commission (EC) numbers that included two or more proteins without detectable sequence similarity to each other, including 34 EC nodes where proteins were known (or predicted) to have distinct structural folds, indicating independent evolutionary origins. In the past 12 years, many putative non-homologous isofunctional enzymes were identified in newly sequenced genomes. In addition, efforts in structural genomics resulted in a vastly improved structural coverage of proteomes, providing for definitive assessment of (non)homologous relationships between proteins.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We report the results of a comprehensive search for non-homologous isofunctional enzymes (NISE) that yielded 185 EC nodes with two or more experimentally characterized - or predicted - structurally unrelated proteins. Of these NISE sets, only 74 were from the original 1998 list. Structural assignments of the NISE show over-representation of proteins with the TIM barrel fold and the nucleotide-binding Rossmann fold. From the functional perspective, the set of NISE is enriched in hydrolases, particularly carbohydrate hydrolases, and in enzymes involved in defense against oxidative stress.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results indicate that at least some of the non-homologous isofunctional enzymes were recruited relatively recently from enzyme families that are active against related substrates and are sufficiently flexible to accommodate changes in substrate specificity.</p> <p>Reviewers</p> <p>This article was reviewed by Andrei Osterman, Keith F. Tipton (nominated by Martijn Huynen) and Igor B. Zhulin. For the full reviews, go to the Reviewers' comments section.</p

    THE PRACTICE OF EVALUATING THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE INNOVATIVE PROJECT

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    At the present stage of development of the society of scientific and technical activities is the most important factor in the intensification of production and the growth of its economic performance. It is therefore important now gets to determine the effectiveness of research and development activities, improving the measurement methods of economic evaluation of innovative projects and innovation. For informed decision-making requires a deep study and objective assessment of the real situation. This is due to changes in economic relations between the producers and consumers of scientific and technical products. Earlier in this activity involved only state scientific institution and the enterprise, then now they are gradually joining financial institutions, commercial and non-profit organizations. The adoption of innovative solutions should be preceded by thorough and comprehensive analysis of the economic feasibility of the innovative project. In this paper we propose to consider how business is costing innovative projects and determine their effectiveness for the enterprise business hotel
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