Estudio geológico del sector de Puerto-López (Granada, zona subbética)

La geología del sector de Puerto-López, situado al NW de Granada, ofrece varios aspectos de interés. Hemos podido establecer la sucesión  estratigráfica, con términos comprendidos entre el Lías y el Senonense, con dataciones muchas veces precisas gracias a las faunas de Ammonites. La estructura es relativamente violenta y son de destacar los pliegues vergentes al S y las fallas inversas del mismo sentido. Por la naturaleza de la serie y por su posición en el Subbético medio, se ha llegado a la correlación de la serie establecida con otras series subbéticas, de la transversal de Granada

Los Mantos apujárrides del tercio central de las Cordilleras Béticas. Ensayo de la correlación tectónica de los Alpujárrides

Los Mantos Alpujárrides se componen de una secuencia metapelítica constituída en general por tres formaciones esquistosas (Paleozoico-Triásico inferior), coronada por series carbonatadas triásicas; se detectan diferencias esiratigráficas de unos mantos a otros, sobre todo entre términos permetriásicos. Las superficies de corrimiento han cizallado la sucesión alpujárride y se hallan situadas a niveles diferentes según los mantos. El metamorfismo -y también varias fases de plegamiento- es anterior a la tectónica de corrimiento y ha afectado a los materiales con una intensidad variable, dependiente de las posiciones ocupadas por los mantos en el orógeno. Una vez discutido el valor de estas características como criterios para el agrupamiento de los Alpujárrides y considerando la posición de cada unidad en la pila de mantos, se ha realizado una subdivisión engrupos de mantos que poseen el carácter de subconjuntos con entidad tectónica significativa fundados esencialmente en datos y observaciones de los autores sobre el tercio central de las Cordilleras Béticas, se proponen los siguientes grupos: Lujar, Guadalfeo, Contraviesa y Almijara.Estos grupos tienen validez para el resto de la Zona Bética y se han usado en la correlación de elementos tectónicos de distintas áreas

Sobre el Jurásico del Mencal y su relación con otras series sub-béticas de la transversal de Granada

Se describen nuevos términos pertenecientes a la serie jurásica del Mencal (Morrón de la Meseta), junto con otros de un corte próximo a Iznalloz (Granada). Ambas series se correlacionan entre si y con otras series que constituyen un umbral en la cuenca sedimentaria subbética

17Beta-estradiol enhances leptin expression in human placental cells through genomic and nongenomic actions

The process of embryo implantation and trophoblast invasion is considered the most limiting factor in the establishment of pregnancy. Leptin was originally described as an adipocyte-derived signaling molecule for the central control of metabolism. However, it has been suggested that leptin is involved in other functions during pregnancy, particularly in the placenta, where it was found to be expressed. In the present work, we have found a stimulatory effect of 17beta-estradiol (E2) on endogenous leptin expression, as analyzed by Western blot, in both the BeWo choriocarcinoma cell line and normal placental explants. This effect was time and dose dependent. Maximal effect was achieved at 10 nM in BeWo cells and 1 nM in placental explants. The E 2 effects involved the estrogen receptor, as the antagonist ICI 182 780 inhibited E2-induced leptin expression. Moreover, E2 treatment enhanced leptin promoter activity up to 4-fold, as evaluated by transient transfection with a plasmid construction containing the leptin promoter region and the reporter gene luciferase. This effect was dose dependent. Deletion analysis demonstrated that a minimal promoter region between - 1951 and -1847 bp is both necessary and sufficient to achieve E2 effects. Estradiol action involved estrogen receptor 1, previously known as estrogen receptor alpha, as cotransfection with a vector encoding estrogen receptor 1 potentiated the effects of E2 on leptin expression. Moreover, E2 action probably involves membrane receptors too, as treatment with an estradiol-bovine serum albumin complex partially enhanced leptin expression. The effects of E2 could be blocked by pharmacologic inhibition of MAPK and the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathways with 50 μM PD98059 and 0.1 μM Wortmannin, respectively. Moreover, cotransfection of dominant negative mutants of MAP2K or MAPK blocked E 2 induction of leptin promoter. On the other hand, E2 treatment promoted MAPK1/MAPK3 and AKT phosphorylation in placental cells. In conclusion, we provide evidence suggesting that E2 induces leptin expression in trophoblastic cells, probably through genomic and nongenomic actions via crosstalk between estrogen receptor 1 and MAPK and PI3K signal transduction pathways. © 2010 by the Society for the Study of Reproduction, Inc.Fil:Gambino, Y.P. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil:Maymó, J.L. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil:Calvo, J.C. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil:Varone, C.L. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

Accelerated detectors in Dirac vacuum: the effects of horizon fluctuations

We consider an Unruh-DeWitt detector interacting with a massless Dirac field. Assuming that the detector is moving along an hyperbolic trajectory, we modeled the effects of fluctuations in the event horizon using a Dirac equation with random coefficients. First, we develop the perturbation theory for the fermionic field in a random media. Further we evaluate corrections due to the randomness in the response function associated to different model detectors.Comment: 19 pages, 1 figur

Leptin stimulates protein synthesis-activating translation machinery in human trophoblastic cells

Leptin was originally considered as an adipocyte-derived signaling molecule for the central control of metabolism. However, pleiotropic effects of leptin have been identified in reproduction and pregnancy, particularly in placenta, where it may work as an autocrine hormone, mediating angiogenesis, growth, and immunomodulation. Leptin receptor (LEPR, also known as Ob-R) shows sequence homology to members of the class I cytokine receptor (gp130) superfamily. In fact, leptin may function as a proinflammatory cytokine. We have previously found that leptin is a trophic and mitogenic factor for trophoblastic cells. In order to further investigate the mechanism by which leptin stimulates cell growth in JEG-3 cells and trophoblastic cells, we studied the phosphorylation state of different proteins of the initiation stage of translation and the total protein synthesis by [3H]leucine incorporation in JEG-3 cells. We have found that leptin dose-dependently stimulates the phosphorylation and activation of the translation initiation factor EIF4E as well as the phosphorylation of the EIF4E binding protein EIF4EBP1 (PHAS-I), which releases EIF4E to form active complexes. Moreover, leptin dose-dependently stimulates protein synthesis, and this effect can be partially prevented by blocking mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PIK3) pathways. In conclusion, leptin stimulates protein synthesis, at least in part activating the translation machinery, via the activation of MAPK and PIK3 pathways. © 2009 by the Society for the Study of Reproduction, Inc.Fil:Julieta Maymo, Y. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil:Gambino, É. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil:Varone, C. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

Observation and Spectroscopy of New Proton-Unbound Isotopes 30Ar and 29Cl: An Interplay of Prompt Two-Proton and Sequential Decay

Previously unknown isotopes Ar30 and Cl29 have been identified by measurement of the trajectories of their in-flight decay products S28+p+p and S28+p, respectively. The analysis of angular correlations of the fragments provided information on decay energies and the structure of the parent states. The ground states of Ar30 and Cl29 were found at 2.25+0.15−0.10 and 1.8±0.1  MeV above the two- and one-proton thresholds, respectively. The lowest states in Ar30 and Cl29 point to a violation of isobaric symmetry in the structure of these unbound nuclei. The two-proton decay has been identified in a transition region between simultaneous two-proton and sequential proton emissions from the Ar30 ground state, which is characterized by an interplay of three-body and two-body decay mechanisms. The first hint of a fine structure of the two-proton decay of Ar∗30(2+) has been obtained by detecting two decay branches into the ground and first-excited states of the S28 fragment.A. G., S. K., S. R., and P. S. were supported by the Helmholtz Association Grant No. IK-RU-002. L. V. G. was partly supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Grant No. NSh- 932.2014.2. A. F., A. G., L. V. G., S. K., P. S., and R. S. were partly supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research Grant No. 14-02-00090-a. This work was partly supported by the Polish National Science Center under Contract No. UMO-2011/01/B/ST2/01943. A. A. C. acknowledges support by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education by Grant No. 0079/DIA/ 2014/43 (Grant Diamentowy). M. P. and X. X. are grateful for a support from the Helmholtz International Center for FAIR (HIC for FAIR). Y. L. was supported by the Helmholtz-CAS Joint Research Group Grant No. HCJRG- 108. J. M. E. acknowledges support from the FPA2009- 08848 contract (MICINN, Spain

Report of the Workshop on Age estimation of European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus)

Based on the results of a full-scale otolith exchange held in 2014, the Working Group on Biological Parameters (WGBIOP 2015) identified the need for an age reading workshop on European Anchovy otoliths (WKARA2). This workshop (chaired by Andres Uriarte, Spain, Begoña Villamor, Spain and Gualtiero Basilone, Italy), was held in Pasaia, Gui-puzcoa (Spain) from the 28 November to 2 December 2016. Five countries took part in this workshop (Spain, Italy, Croatia, Greece and Tunisia), with a total of 16 participants from 9 laboratories. In total 17 areas/stocks were analysed (4 from the Atlantic area and 13 from Mediterranean Sea) The aim of this workshop was to review the information on age determination, discuss the results of the previous exchange (2014), review the validation methods existing on these species, clarify the interpretation of annual rings and update the age reading pro-tocol and a reference collection of well-defined otoliths. Age validation studies, in the Bay of Biscay and preliminary validation studies in Divi-sion 9a, Alboran Sea and Strait of Sicily areas were presented, including a compilation of age validation studies of this species as well in the literature. There are several ar-eas/stocks in which validations of the anchovy annual age determination have not been done yet. Due to the poor percentage of agreement achieved in the 2014 Exchange (mean agree-ment of 66%; mean CV of 58%), the workshop proceeded with a detailed and joint dis-cussion on the growth patterns shown by otoliths from the different areas to find out the major reasons for discrepancies in age determination among readers. At the same time, the joint discussion allowed a better understanding of the pattern of otolith growth in-crements by areas to improve the guidelines for their interpretation. The discussions on examples among otoliths which generated discrepancies in the age determination led to conclude that there were two major sources of disagreements: a) Divergent otolith inter-pretation: different interpretations of the marks, growth bands and edges in terms of their conformity with the expected growth pattern of the anchovies, seasonal formation of the otolith by ages and most common checks. and b) wrong application of the age allocation Rules: it was evidenced during the workshop that for the birthdate first July (or first June) in some cases the age determination rule was not being correctly applied during the first half of the year (from January to June). Following the workshop discussions there has been a progressive change in the percep-tion of the growth pattern applicable to these anchovy otoliths in many areas which led to some revisions of the otolith interpretation and assigned ages, by which growth at ages 0 and 1 are far prominent than at older ages and the occurrence of checks became more frequently admitted. Furthermore, there have been evidences that the age determination rules have in some instances been inconsistently applied. All these evidences led to con-clude on the need to review past age determinations. Although this task should be de-layed until running an exchange in 2018 to be sure that all the readers apply the protocol and the current criteria of this workshop coherently, since current criteria would change the otoliths interpretation and the age determination in many areas. In addition, for the Mediterranean regions the convenience of midyear birthdates was put in question in comparison with the simplicity of the conventional birthdates at first of January (as these anchovies are in the northern hemisphere). As a corollary of the former statements, intercalibration exercises by areas, for the differ-ent countries taking part in the age reading of the same exploited stock, are still required. Finally, this Workshop adopted a common protocol for all areas in order to standardize the anchovy age assignments and to improve the coherence of the age estimates. An agreed collection of otoliths by areas were produced and upload to the Age Readers Fo-rum