L'inquinamento e il sovrasfruttamento delle risorse idriche sotterranee pugliesi

Research carried out in recent years by CERIST operating unit has investigate Apulian hydrogeological unit groundwater. Different technologies have been applied by researchers, such as: multiparameter hydrogeochemical studies of the evolution of groundwater chemism; thermal infrared survey of coasts where springs were found; studies of varied space distribution of piezometric heads, salinity and water temperature; studies of hydrogeological relationships existing between various underground and sometimes very deep "mains d'eau" studies of protection methods of groundwater against saline pollution. Recently, research has also focused on human-related pollution of Apulian aquifers. This subject has aroused great topical interest following the continuous and senseless use-of the subsoil for waste water collection. Authors particularly refer to the health, environmental and economic emergency that hit our Region in 1994. The effects of human activity on groundwater pollution and depletion are described, alongside indirect effects connected with continental seawater intrusion. Therefore, the need is felt to protect regional groundwater resources and recycle water wasted so far. A more rigorous discharge of depurator waste water into the subsoil 15 strongly recommended

Studio idrogeologico della sorgente Parrutta in agro di Trecchina (PZ)

Parruta Spring (220 m asl) lies at the foot of the eastern slopes of Serra Murazze. The area is characterized by the overthrusting of the Verbicaro Unit on the Liguide Unit (Chaps 1 and 2, Fig. 1). Widespread tectonization,relief energy and structural attitude initiated deep gravity deformation and lateral spreading of the slopes, followed by roto-translational slides and flows (Chaps 2 anbd 3, Figs 2 and 3). Immediately upstream of the spring there are broken carbonate-rock masses resulting from lateral spreading (Chap 3, Fig. 3). These fractured rocks overlie blackish siliceous marls and argillites which are capped by a 10-m thick level of cataclastic limestone sands (Fig. 4). Deformation of the top of the argillaceous formation created basins that favour groundwater flow towards Parrutta Spring. Above these depressions the waters are fresher and colder and the hydrogeological characteristics of the wells are better (Chap. 4, Figs 2.5 and 6). The investigations confirm the working hypotheses adopted. Interpretation of the salinity and temperature logs, in particular, indicates that such investigations are particularly significant in hydrogeological environments of this type

Studio delle caratteristiche morfoevolutive del fondovalle del F. Basento fra Pisticci e la foce, finalizzato all'ottimizzazione dell'intervento antropico

An analysis is made of the evolutionary features of the Basento Plain landform in the stretch between Ferrandina Scalo and the sea, in context of the knowledge of the geomorphological and hydrological peculiarities of the whole catchment basin. The stretch in question lies in the south eastern portion of the Fossa bradanica where there are extensive outcrops of Plio-Pleistocene sedimentary deposits, represented mainly by blue-grey marly clays and, subordinately, sands and gravels. Between Ferrandina Scalo and Pisticci Scalo the Bradano is a braided river, while the reach between there and its mouth on the Ionian Sea is characterized by a meander belt. A detailed geomorphological examination, supported by air-photo interpretation (1953, 1973 and 1989 flights), has been made to ascertain the changes which have occurred on the plain in the last forty years. Knowledge of recent bed changes has been augmented by data derived from old maps. This has provided a picture of midifications over a hundred years or so. The principal hydrogeomorphological factors throughout the entire stretch studied can be correlated with the various fluvial trends identified. It ensues that there is substantial diversity in the relative stability conditions of the fluvial trends. More precisely, the potential instability within the meander belt can be tied in with the progressive increase in the sinuosity during the last hundred years. The in-depth hydrological study was made to highlight the main changes in use of the water resources available in the catchment, so as to establish possible relationships between man-made alterations and recent geomorphological conditions throughout the stretch concerned. It is also evident that during recent times man has been very active right up to the very banks of the river, modifying the original countryside by planting trees, growing crops and setting up industrial enterprises, once inexistent or at least located well away from the channel. On the basis of the factual picture acquired in this manner an evaluation has been made of the relationships between the recent variations in the natural geomorphological trends of the Basento in this reach, the direct and indirect upset of hydrodynamic parameters caused by man and the modifications in the landform of the flood-plain, triggered by human intervention. As the economic plan provides for a further increase in economic activities and for new hydraulic works throughout the catchment, various guidelines have been framed to optimize development

Identification of typical chemical and physical conditions in Apulian groundwater (southern Italy) through well multi-parameter logs

Apulia is affected by two types of human-related pollution: salt contamination and chemico-physical and biological pollution. The special severity of the situation calls for a rigorous approach based on available scientific knowledge and supplemented by up-to-date investigations of the evolution of groundwater quality. Particularly useful are to this end the multi-parameter logs which have been executed along the water column of the well, through the monitoring of temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen and oxidation-reduction potential of groundwater. This method, which has been tested in 120 wells over one year, has allowed to detect some typical trends of the parameters under study. These types, which are rather recurrent in space and time, allow an extensive use of the suggested method which can be easily applied to the preliminary detection of the hydrogeological conditions which determine the chemical and physical nature of groundwater and the occurrence of human- or salt-related contamination

Hydrogeological problems relating to the construction of an underground metro system in Bari urban and suburban areas

Many problems are related to the construction of an underground metro system in Bari urban and suburban areas, excavations involving namely dolomite-limestones in both anhydrous and saturated zones and low-thickness postcretaceous covers. A number of rock-sealing methods are reviewed. Consideration is given to the rock hydrodynamic characteristics of the urban area alongside impacts on groundwater flows

Applicazioni di tecniche di telerilevamento con sistema termovisivo all'infrarosso per l'individuazione di efflussi costieri e di aree di drenaggio di corpi franosi

The use of camera operating in the 8-12 µm range of electromagnetic wave spectrum, prove to be satisfactory in various sectors of the engineering geology. The results of some surveyings carried out by means of fixed stations on the land have been presented. The interpretation of the thermography which have been obtained is related to the meaning which is likely to be ascribed to the temperature distribution on the surface of the investigated bodies. In fact, the system shows in the form of shades of gray or of false colour the thermal energy radiated and reflected by the observed bodies. Starting from the most traditional applications concerning the census of submarine springs, but still prerogative of the most sophisticated systems based on the use of airborne multi-spectral scanners, the easiest thermovision system, which is also likely to be used on platforms installed on small aircraft, may stretch the applications range of remote sensing techniques to various field of the engineering geology. Besides the low cost and readiness of the survey, the thermovision system, used from fixed stations, allows to obtain images in the scale of the desired detail.Examples which have been presented refer to the location of submarine springs flowing along a part of the coast near Polignano (Bari, Apulia region) and near Maratea (Potenza, Basilicata Region), the observation of a landslide near Brindisi di Montagna (Potenza, Basilicata region). In the discussion of data resulting from thermographies taken on the above said objectives one can even realize factors which may negatively affect the image interpretation such as, for instance, the disturbance caused by vegetation to the temperature distribution on the land surface

La valutazione della vulnerabilità integrata degli acquiferi. La sperimentazione nell'area campione di Corigliano in Salento

Si descrivono le metodologie utilizzate e i risultati conseguiti con uno studio di dettaglio di un’area campione dell’unità idrogeologica del Salento (Puglia), costituita da un vasto acquifero carbonatico mesozoico. Tale area, rappresentativa sia degli aspetti idrogeologici tipici delle zone di alimentazione del Salento sia degli effetti dell'antropizzazione, è sede di nurnerosi pozzi adibiti ad uso potabile. Lo studio è stato finalizzato alla redazione della carta della vulnerabilità dell’acquifero con ii metodo SINTACS. La natura sperimentale dell’applicazione è legata alle peculiarità dell’acquifero salentino e all’assenza di esperienze pregresse per tale contesto. Sono stati effettuati rilievi diretti, prove idrogeologiche e piü cicli di campionarnento idrico ed analisi di laboratorio. I centri di pericolo sono stati censiti sulla base delle banche dati disponibili ed ispezionando ii territorio. L’infiltrazione si è dirnostrata molto rapida, anche laddove l’acquifero non affiora. La vulnerabilità è risultata notevole, da alta a molto elevata. La qualita delle acque, per quanto tuttora buona, si è dimostrata sensibile alla posizione e all’azione dei centri di pericolo. I rischi di degrado qualitativo sono risultati non trascurabili

Mechanisms of earthquake induced chemical and fluid transport to carbonate groundwater springs after earthquakes

Mechanisms by which hydrochemical changes occur after earthquakes are not well documented. We use the 2016-2017 central Italy seismic sequence, which caused notable hydrochemical transient variations in groundwater springs to address this topic, with special reference to effects on fractured carbonate aquifers. Hydrochemistry measured before and after the earthquakes at four springs at varying distances from the epicenters all showed immediate post-mainshock peaks in trace element concentrations, but little change in major elements. Most parameters returned to pre-earthquake values before the last events of the seismic sequence. The source of solutes, particularly trace elements, is longer residence time pore water stored in slow moving fractures or abandoned karstic flowpaths. These fluids were expelled into the main flow paths after an increase in pore pressure, hydraulic conductivity, and shaking from co-seismic aquifer stress. The weak response to the later earthquakes is explained by progressive depletion of high solute fluids as earlier shocks flushed out the stored fluids in the fractures. Spring \u3b413CDIC values closest to a deep magma source to the west became enriched relative to pre-earthquake values following the August 24th event. This enrichment indicates input from deeply-sourced dissolved CO2 gas after dilation of specific fault conduits. Differences in carbon isotopic responses between springs are attributed to proximity to the deep CO2 source. Most of the transient chemical changes seen in the three fractured carbonate aquifers are attributed to local shaking and emptying of isolated pores and fractures, and are not from rapid upward movement of deep fluids