DELLA MUTATIONS IN PLANTS WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON WHEAT

DELLA proteins are a subfamily of transcriptional regulators from the GRAS protein family. They act as growth repressors. Gibberellins (GA) promote growth by overcoming the DELLA-mediated growth restraint. A number of dominant mutations in highly conserved orthologous DELLA genes are known in various plant species. These mutations reduce plant height owing to production of more active forms of growth repressors. The aim of the current study is to estimate the genetic similarity of DELLA nucleotide and amino acid sequences stored in GenBank and to identify mutant and wild type alleles that encode DELLAs in modern Ukrainian winter bread wheat varieties. We have performed nucleotide and amino acid sequence search and alignment of the Rht-D1 wheat dwarfing gene and DELLA-encoding genes of other plant species with BLAST and MUSCLE software. A dendrogram illustrating phylogenetic relations among DELLA sequences of 35 plant species has been constructed using MEGA v5. In addition, PCR-based genotyping for the major wheat dwarfing genes Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 has been performed in wheat cultivars from different regions of Ukraine. It is shown that the mutant Rht-D1b allele is the commonest dwarfing allele among those tested in Ukrainian wheat cultivars (68 %), but its distribution over Ukraine is not random

Current status of polio vaccination in children

The Polio Eradication Initiative for 2019-2023 contains non-epidemic, poliovirus-infected high-risk countries, including Ukraine, India, Ethiopia, Uganda and other African countries. The most important tasks facing Ukraine are to help strengthen the health and immunization system against polio, stop the spread of all wild polioviruses, all outbreaks of circulating polioviruses of the vaccine origin and eliminate the risk of their occurrence in the future

Molecular-genetic portrait of virulence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Introduction. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen that is intrinsically resistant to a wide range of antibiotics. The bacterium is associated with a number of serious diseases and makes a significant contribution to the pathogenesis of polymicrobial infections. S. maltophilia has a wide range of virulence factors, information about which is currently presented in the form of scattered and unconsolidated data. Purposes and objectives: critically analyze and summarize current data regarding the molecular-genetic aspects of S. maltophilia virulence for better understanding of the pathogenesis of infections associated with this pathogen. Materials and methods. An analysis of information from 80 modern literary sources devoted to the study of the virulent properties of S. maltophilia at the molecular-genetic level has been carried out. The analysis focuses on the mechanisms of production of virulence factors and their genetic determinants. Results.The molecular mechanisms of virulence that determine the infectious process caused by S. maltophilia have been analyzed and summarized, including the adhesive function of the surface structures of the bacterial cell (lipopolysaccharides, pili/fimbriae, flagella), the production of extracellular enzymes, the ability to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces and on the tissues of the macroorganism, the functioning of efflux pumps, secretion of small molecules into the external environment by the intercellular information exchange system Quorum Sensing, as well as the influence of iron metabolism on the virulence properties of S. maltophilia. Conclusion. The adaptation mechanisms that allow S. maltophilia to adapt to new habitat niches and survive in the human body and unfavorable environmental conditions have been poorly studied. An analytical review summarizing current information on the molecular-genetic aspects of S. maltophilia virulence will be of interest to clinicians and researchers studying the fundamental mechanisms of virulence

СТРАТЕГИЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ БАКТЕРИАЛЬНЫМ БИОПЛЕНОЧНЫМ ПРОЦЕССОМ

Main directions of the modern search of the antibiofilm preparations aimed at adhesive bacterial reactions, control of QS-systems, influence over bis-(3’-5’)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (cdi-GMP), and secretory bacterial processes are analysed. Approaches for biofilm dispersal and increasing the sensitivity of biofilm bacteria to antimicrobial drugs are discussed. It is underlined that the majority of inhibitor molecules were studied in vitro or in infected mice experiments. It is prognosed that in future there will appear medical preparations which will help for fighting bacterial biofilms preventing their development and spreading in the host organism.Проанализированы основные направления современного поиска антибиопленочных препаратов, нацеленных на адгезивные реакции бактерий, управление QS-системами, воздействие на циклический димерный гуанозинмонофосфат (ц-ди-ГМФ), секреторные бактериальные процессы. Обсуждаются подходы, которые используются для отторжения биопленки и повышения чувствительности биопленочных бактерий к антимикробным средствам. Подчеркивается, что большинство ингибиторных молекул исследовалось in vitro или в опытах на инфицированных мышах. Прогнозируется появление медицинских препаратов, которые позволят бороться с бактериальными биопленками, предупреждая их развитие и распространение в организме хозяина

РІВЕНЬ ІНФОРМОВАНОСТІ ТА СТАВЛЕННЯ СТУДЕНТІВ ВИЩИХ МЕДИЧНИХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ ДО ПРОБЛЕМИ ТУБЕРКУЛЬОЗУ

The aim of the work – determination of the degree of students’ awareness in State Institution “Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine” about various issues of tuberculosis, their attitude to patients with tuberculosis and people who have recovered from tuberculosis, as well as studying students’ views about the relevance of this disease.The main body. We analyzed the questionnaires of 491 students of the 4th year of medical faculties of State Institution “Dnipro­petrovsk Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine” at the age from 21 to 30 years. This questioning was conducted at the first practical lesson, before the beginning of the lecture cycle on Phthisiology. The majority of respondents (93.9 %) have considered the problem with tuberculosis in our country relevant and important for their future practical activities. 77.6 % of fourth-year students have noted the importance of social risk factors for the development of tuberculosis. Students have been well-oriented in the main symptoms of the disease and the ways of transmission of the infection, but have showed insufficient knowledge in the methods of detection, diagnosis, treatment of patients. In addition, students have had of fear of becoming ill while on the cycle.Conclusions. The analysis has showed insufficient awareness of students of higher medical schools about issues of tuberculosis, low motivation to study the discipline. Students have poorly informed about methods of detection and diagnosis of the disease, its initial symptoms, high-risk groups and so on. Misunderstandings of relevance of the problem of tuberculosis and prejudiced, inhuman attitude to the patient can contribute to the formation of low doctor’s alertness to this disease in the future and prevent them from implementing the basic principles of TB control – timely detection and prevention of the disease.Мета роботи – аналіз сучасного стану та досвіду викладання педіатрії англомовним студентам 4-го та 5-го років навчання на кафедрі педіатрії № 2 Харківського національного медичного університету.Основна частина. Викладання педіатрії англомовним студентам вимагає високого рівня професійної підготовки, педагогічної майстерності та вільного володіння англійською мовою. Для підвищення якості підготовки іноземних студентів на кафедрі проводиться постійний пошук та впровадження сучасних інноваційних технологій, регулярне оновлення методичних матеріалів, створення навчальних посібників та підручників з урахуванням міжнародних стандартів надання медичної допомоги дітям.Висновок. Зменшення кількості студентів у групах та лекційних потоках, удосконалення матеріально-технічної бази (комп’ютеризація, розвиток фантомних класів тощо) дозволить поліпшити якість навчання та оволодіння практичними навичками

Determination technique of quasireference value of a carrier radio signal frequency of uncooperated onboard lighting source during radio monitoring

The article discloses the technique defining quasireference value of a carrier radio signal frequency of uncooperated onboard lighting source by calculation and compensation of the Doppler shift at radio monitoring. Provided simulation results show checked operability of the offered technique with assessment of observation accuracy and received quasireference value of a carrier frequency accepted a radio signal compared with real sample under various conditions

Evaluation of the potential accuracy of the pulsed radio signals source coordinate determination by the positioning system using a single UAV-sensor

An approach to determining the coordinates of pulsed radio signals sources by the positioningsystem in the application of a single unmanned aerial vehicles sensor is shown in this article. Therange-difference location method allows to determinate an informative coordinate parameter withoutretransmission and internal synchronization of receiving points. The result is achieved by improving thewell-known scientific and methodological apparatus with considering some features of the operationmode of pulsed radio signals sources. Presenting results of the simulation allow to estimate theinfluence of main input factors on the potential accuracy of the pulsed radio signal source coordinatedetermination

Medical workers of health care institutions as a risk group for chemo-resistant tuberculosis: analysis of incidence, a clinical case.

The purpose of our study was to analyze the prevalence of morbidity of medical workers of health care institutions and anti-tuberculosis institutions, as well as the analysis of resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains among medical personal of health facilities in the Dnipropetrovsk region. Retrospective analysis for 2015 - 2017 of electronic database of the patients register (TB-manager), outpatient cards and case histories of patients which underwent treatment in pulmonary-tuberculosis and surgical departments of CI «DnepropetrovskRegional Clinical Treatment and Prophylactic Association "Phthisiology"» DRC» was conducted . The incidence of tuberculosis among medical workers in health care institutions of Ukraine remains at a fairly high, stable level (426 cases of tuberculosis in 2016, 389 cases in 2017) on the background of the decrease in the incidence among the general population (59.5 people per 100 thousand population in 2014 and 51.9 per 100 thousand population in 2017 ). In Ukraine among tuberculosis patients – medical workers,  the overwhelming majority are workers of establishments of the general medical network (GMN) - 351 people, while in anti-tuberculosis institutions (ATI) in 2017, 38 cases of tuberculosis were registered. The article presents the clinical case of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR) in staff member of the pathoanatomical bureau, one of the medical institutions of the city Dnipro

Medical workers of health care institutions as a risk group for chemo-resistant tuberculosis: analysis of incidence, a clinical case.

The purpose of our study was to analyze the prevalence of morbidity of medical workers of health care institutions and anti-tuberculosis institutions, as well as the analysis of resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains among medical personal of health facilities in the Dnipropetrovsk region. Retrospective analysis for 2015 - 2017 of electronic database of the patients register (TB-manager), outpatient cards and case histories of patients which underwent treatment in pulmonary-tuberculosis and surgical departments of CI «DnepropetrovskRegional Clinical Treatment and Prophylactic Association "Phthisiology"» DRC» was conducted . The incidence of tuberculosis among medical workers in health care institutions of Ukraine remains at a fairly high, stable level (426 cases of tuberculosis in 2016, 389 cases in 2017) on the background of the decrease in the incidence among the general population (59.5 people per 100 thousand population in 2014 and 51.9 per 100 thousand population in 2017 ). In Ukraine among tuberculosis patients – medical workers,  the overwhelming majority are workers of establishments of the general medical network (GMN) - 351 people, while in anti-tuberculosis institutions (ATI) in 2017, 38 cases of tuberculosis were registered. The article presents the clinical case of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR) in staff member of the pathoanatomical bureau, one of the medical institutions of the city Dnipro