LHC beam dumping system: status and readiness for LHC Run 2

The hardware status of the LHC Beam Dumping System (LBDS) after the many announced system improvements performed during Long Shutdown 1 (LS1) will be presented. The latest estimates of expected availability and reliability of the LBDS after LS1 will be summarized. The readiness of LBDS for LHC start-up, including the progress of the reliability runs, as well as the commissioning plan will be discussed. A list of the tests with beam required to validate the system after LS1 will be proposed

Carte géologique d'Ussel

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Energy-Level Alignment of a Hole-Transport Organic Layer and ITO: Toward Applications for Organic Electronic Devices

2,2\u2032,6,6\u2032-Tetraphenyl-4,4\u2032-dipyranylidene (DIPO-Ph4) was grown by vacuum deposition on an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. The films were characterized by atomic force microscopy as well as synchrotron radiation UV and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to gain an insight into the material growth and to better understand the electronic properties of the ITO/DIPO-Ph4 interface. To interpret our spectroscopic data, we consider the formation of cationic DIPO-Ph4 at the ITO interface owing to a charge transfer from the organic layer to the substrate. Ionization energy DFT calculations of the neutral and cationic species substantiate this hypothesis. Finally, we present the energetic diagram of the ITO/DIPO-Ph4 system, and we discuss the application of this interface in various technologically relevant systems, as a hole-injector in OLEDs or as a hole-collector interfacial layer adjacent to the prototypical OPV layer P3HT:PCBM

A Stress-Criterion-Based Model for the Prediction of the Size of Wear Particles in Boundary Lubricated Contacts

In this paper, the formulation and validation of a model for the prediction of the wear particles size in boundary lubrication is described. An efficient numerical model based on a well-established BEM formulation combined with a mechanical wear criterion was applied. The behavior of the model and particularly the influence of the initial surface roughness and load was explored. The model was validated using measurements of the wear particles formed in steel–steel and steel–brass contacts. In the case of steel–steel contact, a reasonable quantitative agreement was observed. In the case of steel–brass contact, formation of the brass transfer layer dominates the particles generation process. To include this effect, a layered material model was introduced