Features of the resource species Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack. when introduced in West Siberia

Here we provide a scientific justification and experimental support for the choice of easily renewable cellulosic feedstock Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack. in order to obtain high-quality nutrient broths therefrom for bacterial cellulose biosynthesis. The plant life-forms promising for breeding were screened under introduction conditions at the Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS, and this study was thus aimed at investigating the full and reduced ontogenetic patterns; cellulose and noncellulosic contents, including lignin; and duraminization of vegetative (feedstock source) organs throughout the seasonal development. The full ontogenetic patterns of the plants grown from seeds that had been collected in native habitats were compared to show that M. sacchariflorus and M. sinensis Anderss. accessions are distinguished by longer being at the most vulnerable developmental stages: seedlings and plantlets. Hence, it is preferable to cultivate seedlings on protected ground, and plantations are advisable to establish with more stable cloned vegetative material. The chemical compositions of the whole plant, leaf and stem separately, from seven M. sacchariflorus harvests were examined to reveal a rise in cellulose content and a drop in noncellulosic content with plantation age. The Miscanthus stem was found to contain more cellulose than the leaf, regardless of the plant age. The overall cellulose content was 48−53 %, providing a rationale for studies of bacterial cellulose biosynthesis in a M. sacchariflorusderived nutrient medium. Since high lignin content is undesirable for technological processes concerned with biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose, we performed histochemical assays of transverse sections of the culms to monitor the seasonal course of lignification. Our results suggest that the specific time limits for harvesting the aboveground biomass as a feedstock be validated by histochemical data on the seasonal course of lignification of M. sacchariflorus sprouts. To sum up, the examined chemical composition of M. sacchariflorus grown in the Siberian climate conditions demonstrated its prospects as a source of glucose substrate, the basic component of good-quality nutrient media for biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ КОФЕИНА В НАПИТКАХ МЕТОДОМ ВОЛЬТАМПМЕРОМЕТРИИ НА УГЛЕРОДСОДЕРЖАЩИХ ЭЛЕКТРОДАХ, МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫХ АРИЛДИАЗОНИЕВЫМИ СОЛЯМИ

The method of carbon containing electrode (CCE) modification with tosylated arendiazonium salts (ADT) was proposed for the voltammetric (VA) determination of caffeine in beverages. The comparison of chemical spontaneous and electrochemical modification approaches was carried out for ADT modified CCE for VA caffeine determination for the first time. A new class of ADT is characterized by high solubility and stability for one month that plays significant role in the process of electrode surface modification. Salts with nitro and carboxy substituents were tested. The optimal conditions for the spontaneous chemical modification of the CCE were selected: ADT modifier with NO2 substituent, electrode immersion time in the modifier solution for 10 seconds, modifier concentration of 5 mg / dm3. ADT deposition on the electrode surface was confirmed by the IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with the formation of covalent bonds between the carbon atoms of electrode surface and the benzene rings of the modifier. It was shown that the electroactive surface area increases by two times after the modification. Consequently, the technique sensitivity increasing the detection limit of 51 mg / dm3 and linear range extension from 154 up to 500 mg / dm3 was observed. While applying the modified electrode, the analysis time was reduced to 15 minutes. Furthermore, the suitability of CCE modified with NO2 substituent was tested for the analytical purposes. As a result, the caffeine was determined in some tonic and carbonated drinks. The comparison of the results obtained by the proposed method with ADT modified CCE and the level declared by the manufacturer was carried out. The high compliance was established. In addition, the obtained data was consistent with the results by the independent spectrophotometric method.Keywords: caffeine, diazonium aromatic salts, modifier, carbon-containing electrode, voltammetry, spontaneous modification, SEM, IR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2020.24.1.007E.V. Dorozhko, A.O. Gusar, E.A. Bedareva, G.B. Slepchenko, M.E. Trusova, E.I. Korotkova National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University,Lenina prosp., 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russian FederationПредложен способ модификации углеродсодержащих электродов (УСЭ) тозилатными солями арендиазония (АДТ) с нитро- и карбоксизаместителями для вольтамперометрического (ВА) определения кофеина в напитках. Впервые проведено сравнение спонтанного химического и электрохимического способов модификации УСЭ АДТ для ВА определения кофеина. Новый класс АДТ обладает хорошей растворимостью, стабильностью в течение одного месяца, что играет немаловажную роль в процессе модификации поверхностей электродов. Подобраны оптимальные условия спонтанной химической модификации УСЭ: модификатор АДТ с NO2-заместителем, время погружения электрода в раствор модификатора − 10 с, концентрация модификатора − 5 мг/дм3. Методами инфракрасной спектроскопии (ИК-спектроскопии) и сканирующей электронной микроскопии (СЭМ) подтверждено закрепление АДТ на поверхности УСЭ с образованием ковалентных связей между атомами углерода электродной поверхности и бензольными кольцами модификатора. Показано, что после модификации площадь электроактивной поверхности увеличивается в два раза. В результате этого наблюдается возрастание чувствительности определения кофеина с пределом обнаружения 51 мг/дм3 и расширение диапазона определяемых концентраций: 154-500 мг/дм3. При использовании модифицированного электрода время анализа сократилось до 15 минут. Кроме этого, наблюдалась стабильность поверхности электрода без обновления в течение недели. При апробации пригодности для аналитических целей УСЭ, модифицированного АДТ с NO2-заместителем, проведено определение кофеина в некоторых тонизирующих и газированных напитках. Полученные значения содержания кофеина в напитках разработанным методом с использованием УСЭ, модифицированного спонтанным химическим способом АДТ с NO2-заместителем, наглядно демонстрируют соответствие значениям, заявленным производителем, а также согласуются с результатами независимого спектрофотометрического метода. Ключевые слова: кофеин, ароматические соли диазония, модификатор, углеродсодержащий электрод, вольтамперометрия, спонтанная модификация, СЭМ, ИК-спектроскопия, циклическая вольтамперометрияDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2020.24.1.00

The formation and the study of a collection of the Miscanthus resource species gene pool in the conditions of the West Siberian forest steppe

Several species of the genus Miscanthus Anderss. (elephant grass) characterized by a high rate of growth of the aboveground vegetative mass are currently in the focus of attention due to their high practical application as a source of bioethanol and cellulose. The main goals of this study were: (1) molecular genetic identification and (2) histochemical analysis of the genus Miscanthus Anderss. species in the collection of Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS in order to identify the most perspective and technically valuable individuals. To study the collection of Miscanthus samples, a multi-disciplinary approach was applied. To collect the samples of different species from native habitats, traditional systematic and geobotanical methods (comparative morphological and phytocenological) were used. According to the results of the ISSR-analysis, 16 samples of three Miscanthus species were divided into two clades: Sinensis and Sacchariflorus, the former including two subclades. For the samples of M. purpurascens_I and II, a hybrid origin of this species was confirmed by ISSR data. The molecular data obtained from the study allowed us to hypothesize that the samples involved in the subclade I of the Sinensis clade could be used as donors of resistance to adverse environments, and the samples of the subclade II, as donors of high biomass productivity. Based on histochemical analysis, sclerenchyma cells were characterized by the most lignin-rich thickened membranes, so the most appropriate direction in Miscanthus selection should be based on identification and using less lignin-containing samples

Caffeine determination in beverages by voltammetry with the carbon-containing electrodes modified with aryldiazonium salts

Предложен способ модификации углеродсодержащих электродов (УСЭ) тозилатными солями арендиазония (АДТ) с нитро- и карбоксизаместителями для вольтамперометрического (ВА) определения кофеина в напитках. Впервые проведено сравнение спонтанного химического и электрохимического способов модификации УСЭ АДТ для ВА определения кофеина. Новый класс АДТ обладает хорошей растворимостью, стабильностью в течение одного месяца, что играет немаловажную роль в процессе модификации поверхностей электродов. Подобраны оптимальные условия спонтанной химической модификации УСЭ: модификатор АДТ с NO2-заместителем, время погружения электрода в раствор модификатора − 10 с, концентрация модификатора − 5 мг/дм3. Методами инфракрасной спектроскопии (ИК-спектроскопии) и сканирующей электронной микроскопии (СЭМ) подтверждено закрепление АДТ на поверхности УСЭ с образованием ковалентных связей между атомами углерода электродной поверхности и бензольными кольцами модификатора. Показано, что после модификации площадь электроактивной поверхности увеличивается в два раза. В результате этого наблюдается возрастание чувствительности определения кофеина с пределом обнаружения 51 мг/дм3 и расширение диапазона определяемых концентраций: 154-500 мг/дм3. При использовании модифицированного электрода время анализа сократилось до 15 минут. Кроме этого, наблюдалась стабильность поверхности электрода без обновления в течение недели. При апробации пригодности для аналитических целей УСЭ, модифицированного АДТ с NO2-заместителем, проведено определение кофеина в некоторых тонизирующих и газированных напитках. Полученные значения содержания кофеина в напитках разработанным методом с использованием УСЭ, модифицированного спонтанным химическим способом АДТ с NO2-заместителем, наглядно демонстрируют соответствие значениям, заявленным производителем, а также согласуются с результатами независимого спектрофотометрического метода.The method of carbon containing electrode (CCE) modification with tosylated arendiazonium salts (ADT) was proposed for the voltammetric (VA) determination of caffeine in beverages. The comparison of chemical spontaneous and electrochemical modification approaches was carried out for ADT modified CCE for VA caffeine determination for the first time. A new class of ADT is characterized by high solubility and stability for one month that plays significant role in the process of electrode surface modification. Salts with nitro and carboxy substituents were tested. The optimal conditions for the spontaneous chemical modification of the CCE were selected: ADT modifier with NO2 substituent, electrode immersion time in the modifier solution for 10 seconds, modifier concentration of 5 mg / dm3. ADT deposition on the electrode surface was confirmed by the IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with the formation of covalent bonds between the carbon atoms of electrode surface and the benzene rings of the modifier. It was shown that the electroactive surface area increases by two times after the modification. Consequently, the technique sensitivity increasing the detection limit of 51 mg / dm3 and linear range extension from 154 up to 500 mg / dm3 was observed. While applying the modified electrode, the analysis time was reduced to 15 minutes. Furthermore, the suitability of CCE modified with NO2 substituent was tested for the analytical purposes. As a result, the caffeine was determined in some tonic and carbonated drinks. The comparison of the results obtained by the proposed method with ADT modified CCE and the level declared by the manufacturer was carried out. The high compliance was established. In addition, the obtained data was consistent with the results by the independent spectrophotometric method.Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ и ЧНФ в рамках научного проекта № 19-53-26001.Current study was funded by RFBR and Czech Science Foundation according to the research project № 19-53-26001

Origin and spread of human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup U7

Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup U is among the initial maternal founders in Southwest Asia and Europe and one that best indicates matrilineal genetic continuity between late Pleistocene hunter-gatherer groups and present-day populations of Europe. While most haplogroup U subclades are older than 30 thousand years, the comparatively recent coalescence time of the extant variation of haplogroup U7 (~16–19 thousand years ago) suggests that its current distribution is the consequence of more recent dispersal events, despite its wide geographical range across Europe, the Near East and South Asia. Here we report 267 new U7 mitogenomes that – analysed alongside 100 published ones – enable us to discern at least two distinct temporal phases of dispersal, both of which most likely emanated from the Near East. The earlier one began prior to the Holocene (~11.5 thousand years ago) towards South Asia, while the later dispersal took place more recently towards Mediterranean Europe during the Neolithic (~8 thousand years ago). These findings imply that the carriers of haplogroup U7 spread to South Asia and Europe before the suggested Bronze Age expansion of Indo-European languages from the Pontic-Caspian Steppe region

GenEng3_04KharkovLO

Abstract -Y chromosomes from representative sample of Eastern Ukrainians (94 individuals) were analyzed for composition and frequencies of haplogroups, defined by 11 biallelic loci located in non-recombining part of the chromosome ( SRY1532 , YAP , 92R7 , DYF155S2 , 12f2 , Tat , M9 , M17 , M25 , M89 , and M56 ). In the Ukrainian gene, pool six haplogroups were revealed: E, F (including G and I), J, N3, P, and R1a1. These haplogroups were earlier detected in a study of Y-chromosome diversity on the territory of Europe as a whole. The major haplogroup in the Ukrainian gene pool, haplogroup R1a1 (earlier designated HG3), accounted for about 44% of all Y chromosomes in the sample examined. This haplogroup is thought to mark the migration patterns of the early Indo-Europeans and is associated with the distribution of the Kurgan archaeological culture. The second major haplogroup is haplogroup F (21.3%), which is a combination of the lineages differing by the time of appearance. Haplogroup P found with the frequency of 9.6%, represents the genetic contribution of the population originating from the ancient autochthonous population of Europe. Haplogroups J and E (11.7 and 4.2%, respectively) mark the migration patterns of the Middle-Eastern agriculturists during the Neolithic. The presence of the N3 lineage (9.6%) is likely explained by a contribution of the assimilated Finno-Ugric tribes. The data on the composition and frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroups in the sample studied substantially supplement the existing picture of the male lineage distribution in the Eastern Slav population

Interrelation between miRNAs Expression Associated with Redox State Fluctuations, Immune and Inflammatory Response Activation, and Neonatal Outcomes in Complicated Pregnancy, Accompanied by Placental Insufficiency

Redox disbalance in placental cells leads to the hyperproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), it mediates the dysregulation of the maternal immune tolerance to a semi-allogenic fetus, inducing pro-inflammatory reactions, and it plays a central role in perinatal complications and neonatal disease programming. Microvesicles, which provide transplacental communication between a mother and fetus, contain microRNAs (miRNAs) that are sensitive to oxidative stress (OS) mediators and can control the balance of ROS production and utilization in target cells. In the context of this paradigm, we evaluated the markers of redox balance—MDA and 4-HNE for OS and GPx, and SOD, CAT, and GSH for the antioxidant system in the cord blood plasma of newborns diagnosed with fetal growth restriction (FGR)—by using polarography, spectrophotometry, and Western blotting. The expression of miRNAs associated with OS, immune and inflammatory responses in the blood plasma of newborns with intrauterine pneumonia (IP), neonatal sepsis (NS) and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was evaluated by a quantitative RT-PCR. Significant differences in the MDA level and reduced GPx and CAT activity were co-found for early-onset FGR (i.e., p ≤ 0.03 and >32 GA; p ≤ 0.009), IP (>32 GA; p ≤ 0.0001), and RDS (>32 GA; p ≤ 0.03). At the same time, the expression of miR-25-3p (p ≤ 0.03) was increased only in newborns with NS (>32 GA; p ≤ 0.03). The risk of developing IVH for premature newborns with IP (AUC = 0.8; cutoff—0.6) and NS (AUC = 0.68; cutoff—0.49) was assessed based on the miR-25-3p and miR-127-3p expression. Several key transcription factors were identified as the targets of studied miRNA since they are involved in the regulation of OS (NRF2), signaling and activation of the immune response (PRDM1, CCL26) and, also, inflammatory responses (NFKB1). The study of these miRNAs showed that they are involved in the modulation of processes leading to perinatal complications. Moreover, miR-127-3p is related to pro-inflammatory reactions and the formation of the macrophage phenotype in newborns with IP, NS, and RDS, while miR-25-3p is associated with an inhibition of macrophage migration and activation of antioxidant enzymes, which may prevent the development of oxidative damage in newborns with NS