Liikuntaraportti : Suomalaisten mitattu liikkuminen, paikallaanolo ja fyysinen kunto 2018–2022

Raportissa kuvataan suomalaisten mitattua liikkumista, paikallaanoloa ja fyysistä kuntoa. Raportti pohjautuu UKK-instituutin viimeisimpien, vuosina 2018–2022 poikkileikkausasetelmissa toteutettujen väestötutkimusten aineistoihin. Lisäksi fyysisen kunnon tarkasteluissa on hyödynnetty Puolustusvoimien aineistoja ja koululaisten Move! -mittausten tuloksia. Raportti on jatkoa UKK-instituutin vuosina 2011 ja 2018 tuottamille yhteenvetoraporteille väestön liikkumisesta, paikallaanolosta ja kunnosta. Raportin tulokset osoittivat, että suomalaiset viettivät suurimman osan valveillaoloajastaan paikallaan istuen tai makoillen. Paikallaanolo lisääntyi nuoremmista vanhempiin ikäryhmiin siirryttäessä. Vastaavasti liikkuminen vähentyi ja fyysinen kunto heikentyi iän lisääntyessä. Työikäisten aikuisten liikkuminen näyttäisi vähentyneen hieman viime vuosien aikana. Korona-aika näyttääkin vaikuttaneen eri-ikäisten liikkumiseen ja toimintakykyyn. UKK-instituutti toteuttaa väestötutkimuksia koululaisille, toisen asteen opiskelijoille, työikäisille aikuisille ja ikäihmisille neljän vuoden jaksoissa. Näin tieto väestön liikkumisesta, paikallaanolosta ja kunnosta päivittyy säännöllisesti. Seuraava väestön liikkumista, paikallaanoloa ja kuntoa kuvaava yhteenveto, Liikuntaraportti, on tarkoitus tuottaa vuonna 2026

What Can One Minute of the Day Tell about Physical Activity?

High cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) allows individuals to perform daily activities and operate at a higher intensity level. This study investigates the connection between the CRF and peak intensity of physical activity (PA) in absolute and relative terms. A total of 3587 participants (1447 men, 51.9 ± 13.0 years; 2140 women, 50.0 ± 13.0 years) provided substantial accelerometer wear time, and their CRF was estimated via the 6 min walking test. Participants were divided into CRF thirds by age group and sex. Daily one-minute peak intensities were captured in both absolute terms and relative to individual CRF levels. In absolute terms, the highest CRF third had the highest intensity value for men (6.4 ± 1.7 MET; 5.9 ± 1.4 MET; 5.3 ± 1.0 MET) and for women (6.4 ± 1.6 MET; 5.9 ± 1.3 MET; 5.4 ± 1.1 MET). In relative terms, the highest CRF third utilized the least aerobic capacity for men (49 ± 14%; 51 ± 13%; 56 ± 14%) and for women (52 ± 13%; 54 ± 12%; 62 ± 15%). One minute of daily activity offers valuable insights into an individual’s CRF and the effort demanded during PA. Fitter individuals can sustain higher PA intensity levels in absolute terms, whereas individuals with lower CRF utilize a greater fraction of their aerobic capacity. Consequently, heightened CRF not only allows for enhanced intensity levels but also safeguards against strenuous PA during daily routines.Peer reviewe

Self-reported Fitness and Objectively Measured Physical Activity Profile Among Older Adults : A Twin Study

Background: Maintaining good fitness and good level of physical activity are important factors for maintaining physical independence later in life. The aim was to investigate the relationship between self-reported fitness and objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior in the elderly. Methods: Same-sex twin pairs born 1940-1944 in Finland were invited to the study. Altogether 787 individuals (mean age 72.9 years), of whom 404 were female, used a hip-worn triaxial accelerometer for at least 4 days and answered a question on perceived fitness. First, individual differences were studied between four fitness categories. Second, pairwise differences were examined among twin pairs discordant for fitness. Results: Self-reported fitness explained moderately the variation in objectively measured physical activity parameters: R-2 for daily steps 26%, for daily mean metabolic equivalent 31%, for daily moderate-to-vigorous activity time 31%, and lower for sedentary behavior time 14% (all p <.001). Better self-reported fitness was associated with more steps taken on average (8,558 daily steps [very good fitness] vs 2,797 steps [poor fitness], p <.001) and with a higher amount of moderate-to-vigorous activity (61 min vs 12 min p <.001, respectively) in the adjusted multivariable model. Among 156 twin pairs discordant for self-reported fitness, co-twins with better fitness took more steps, did more moderate-to-vigorous activity, and had less sedentary behavior (all, p <.05) compared to their less fit co-twins; however, difference was smaller among monozygotic than dizygotic pairs. Conclusion: One simple question on self-reported fitness is associated with daily activity profile among community-dwelling older people. However, genetic factors modulate this association to some extent.Peer reviewe

Accelerometer-Measured Physical Behavior and Cardiorespiratory Fitness as Indicators of Work Ability

Work ability (WA) reflects an individual’s resources, work demands, and related environment. Self-reports have shown that higher physical activity (PA) is associated with better WA. This study investigated associations of accelerometer-measured (24/7) physical behavior and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with WA. In the FinFit2017-population-based study, the physical behavior of 20–69-year-old working Finns was measured in terms of PA, standing, and sedentariness using validated MAD-APE algorithms based on raw triaxial accelerometer data. During waking hours, the accelerometer was hip-worn, while during the time in bed (TIB), it was worn on the non-dominant wrist. CRF was measured with a 6 min walk test. WA was assessed by four questions excerpted from the Work Ability Index (WAI), called the short WAI (sWAI). Participants (n = 1668, mean age 46.6, SD = 10.9, 57% women) scored on average 23.3 on the sWAI (range 6–27), with a higher value indicating a better WA. More minutes in standing (p = 0.001) and in moderate (p = 0.004) and vigorous PA (p < 0.001) as well as a higher step number (p < 0.001) and better CRF (p < 0.001) were associated with a higher sWAI value. More time spent lying down (p < 0.001) and in high-movement (p < 0.001) and total TIB (p = 0.001) was associated with a lower sWAI. Detailed analysis of 24/7 physical behavior can be utilized in identifying individual-related indicators of WA.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Self-reported Fitness and Objectively Measured Physical Activity Profile Among Older Adults: A Twin Study

Maintaining good fitness and good level of physical activity are important factors for maintaining physical independence later in life. The aim was to investigate the relationship between self-reported fitness and objectively measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in the elderly.\nSame-sex twin pairs born 1940-1944 in Finland were invited to the study. Altogether 787 individuals (mean age 72.9 years), of whom 404 were female, used a hip-worn triaxial accelerometer for at least four days and answered a question on perceived fitness. First, individual differences were studied between four fitness categories. Secondly, pairwise differences were examined among twin pairs discordant for fitness.\nSelf-reported fitness explained moderately the variation in objectively measured PA parameters: R2 for daily steps 26%, for daily mean MET 31%, for daily moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA) time 31%, and lower for SB time 14 % (all p<0.001). Better self-reported fitness was associated with more steps taken on average (8558 daily steps (very good fitness) vs. 2797 steps (poor fitness), p<0.001) and with a higher amount of MVPA (61 min vs. 12 min p<0.001, respectively) in the adjusted multivariable model. Among 156 twin pairs discordant for self-reported fitness, co-twins with better fitness took more steps, did more MVPA and had less SB (all, p<0.05) compared to their less fit co-twins, however difference was smaller among MZ than DZ pairs.\nOne simple question on self-reported fitness is associated with daily activity profile among community-dwelling older people. However, genetic factors modulate this association to some extent.\nBACKGROUND\nMETHODS\nRESULTS\nCONCLUSIO

Motives for physical activity in older men and women : A twin study using accelerometer-measured physical activity

Motives for physical activity may vary considerably by age, sex, and the level of physical activity. We aimed to examine motives for physical activity in older men and women with different physical activity levels as well as whether genetic and/or environmental factors explain those motives. Finnish twins (mean age 72.9 years, 262 full twin pairs) self-reported their motives for physical activity. Time spent on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was monitored using a hip-worn accelerometer. Comparisons between the different physical activity groups of older twins (n = 764-791/motive dimension) were analyzed using the Wald test, and effect sizes were calculated as Cohen's d. Quantitative genetic modeling was used to estimate genetic and environmental contributions. For both sexes, the most frequently reported motives for physical activity were physical fitness, health maintenance, and psychological well-being. Conforming to others' expectations was more important for men than for women (P <.001, Cohen's d = 0.38), while appearance (P = .001 Cohen's d = -0.24) and psychological well-being (P = .02, Cohen's d = -0.17) were highlighted by women. Most of the motive dimensions differed significantly between the physically active and inactive individuals. It was estimated that 5%-42% of the variation in motives was contributed by genetic factors and 58%-95% by environmental factors. The result that environmental factors contribute in a great deal to motives indicates that interventions to motivate physically inactive older individuals to be physically active can be successful. However, personalized interventions are needed because sex and the level of physical activity were found to be associated with older individuals' motives for physical activity.Peer reviewe

Suomalaisten objektiivisesti mitattu fyysinen aktiivisuus, paikallaanolo ja fyysinen kunto

Fyysisen aktiivisuuden tiedetään olevan selkeässä yhteydessä moniin yhteiskunnallisiin haasteisiin, kuten mm. useiden elintapasairauksien sairastumisriskiin, elämänlaatuun, koulumenestykseen ja vanhusten kotona selviytymiseen. Suomalaisten fyysistä kuntoa ja aktiivisuutta koskevia tutkimuskatsauksia on julkaistu n. viiden vuoden välein, aiemmin vuosina 2007 ja 2011. Tässä koko väestön tilannetta luotaavassa raportissa on käytetty pohja-aineistoina Suomi 100 KunnonKartta –väestötutkimuksen, Terveys 2011 –tutkimuksen, Alueellisen terveys- ja hyvinvointitutkimuksen (ATH), LIITU 2016 –tutkimuksen, sekä Puolustusvoimien ja MOVE!-mittausten aineistoja. Erona aikaisempiin aineistoihin käytössä on ollut myös objektiivisilla mittareilla suoritettuja mittaustuloksia. Tulokset osoittavat, että suomalaiset aikuiset viettävät valtaosan valveillaoloajastaan paikallaan, istuen tai makuulla, ja että reippaampaan liikkumiseen käytetään alle tunti päivässä. Terveyskuntotestien tulokset ovat keskimäärin parempia miehillä kuin naisilla, samoin nuorilla ikäluokilla verrattuna vanhempiin. Aikuisten liikkumisessa ja paikallaanolossa ei näyttäisi tapahtuneen kovin suuria muutoksia kuuden viime vuoden aikana. Lapset ja nuoret puolestaan ovat paikallaan istuen tai makuulla keskimäärin puolet valveillaoloajastaan ja liikkuvat vähintään reippaasti vajaat 2 tuntia päivässä. Paikallaanolon aika lisääntyy iän myötä, arkipäivinä liikutaan enemmän kuin viikonloppuisin. Vähän liikkuvilla lapsilla merkittävä osa liikkumisesta arkisin tapahtuu koulupäivän aikana

Objectively measured preoperative physical activity and sedentary behaviour among Finnish patients scheduled for elective cardiac procedures : baseline results from randomized controlled trial

Background: We investigated preoperative physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) in patients scheduled for elective cardiac procedures and compared them with population-based sample of Finnish adults. Methods: Cardiac patients (n=139) undergoing cardiac operations carried a triaxial accelerometer for seven days during the month before the procedure. Patients were categorised into four groups according to the procedure: percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary angiography (PCI-CA), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), aortic valve replacement (AVR) and mitral valve surgery (MVS). The raw accelerometer data was analyzed with dedicated algorithms to determine metabolic equivalents (METs, 3.5 mL/kg/min of oxygen consumption) of PA. The intensity of PA was divided into two categories: light (LPA, 1.5-2.9 METs) and moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA, >= 3.0 METs), while SB represented intensity < 1.5 MET without movements. SB and PA were described as daily means and accumulation from different bout lengths. Daily standing, steps and mean and peak MET-values were calculated. The results were compared between the patient groups and against the reference group from a population-based study FinFit2017. Results: Cardiac patients had fewer daily steps than the FinFit population (p= 0.01), and less SB accumulating from 10 min bouts (p< 0.001) than the FinFit population. Conclusions: We found large differences in PA and SB between the patient groups and the FitFit population, CABG group having the worst activity profile. Also, the variation within the patient groups was wide, which should be considered to individualise the rehabilitation programs postoperatively.Peer reviewe

Objectively measured physical activity profile and cognition in Finnish elderly twins

Introduction We studied whether objectively measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) are associated with cognition in Finnish elderly twins. Methods This cross-sectional study comprised twins born in Finland from 1940 to 1944 in the Older Finnish Twin Cohort (mean age, 72.9 years; 726 persons). From 2014 to 2016, cognition was assessed with a validated telephonic interview, whereas PA was measured with a waist-worn accelerometer. Results In between-family models, SB and light physical activity had significant linear associations with cognition after adjusting for age, sex, wearing time, education level, body mass index, and living condition (SB: β-estimate, −0.21 [95% confidence intervals, −0.42 to −0.003]; light physical activity: β-estimate, 0.30 [95% confidence intervals, 0.02–0.58]). In within-family models, there were no significant linear associations between objectively measured PA and cognition. Discussion Objectively measured light physical activity and SB are associated with cognition in Finnish twins in their seventies, but the associations were attributable to genetic and environmental selection.Peer reviewe

Chronic diseases and objectively monitored physical activity profile among aged individuals - a cross-sectional twin cohort study

Introduction: High physical activity (PA) at old age indicates good functional capacity enabling independent living. We investigated how different disease conditions are associated with measured PA indicators in old women and men, and whether they recognize this association. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional twin cohort study in Finland comprised 779 individuals (276 complete twin pairs, including 117 monozygotic pairs), who participated in hip-worn accelerometer monitoring of PA and responded to questions on diseases and mobility limitations at mean age of 73 (range 71-75). Results: Of the participants, 23.2% reported having a disease restricting mobility. With sex and age in the regression model, the reported disease restricting mobility explained 11.8% of the variation in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and 10.4% of the variation in daily steps. Adding stepwise other self-reported diseases and body mass index to the model increased the explanatory power for MVPA up to 18.5% and 25.5%, and for daily steps up to 16.0% and 20.7%, respectively. In the co-twin control analysis the PA differences were smaller in disease-discordant monozygotic than dizygotic pairs. Conclusions: Chronic disease conditions are associated with low PA, which individuals may not always recognize. Shared genetic factors may explain part of the associations.Key messages Among community-dwelling older men and women one-fourth of the variation in objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is accounted for by age, sex, body mass index and self-reported diseases. Occurrence of chronic diseases is associated with low physical activity and individuals do not always recognize this. Healthcare professionals should pay attention to the low physical activity and mobility of individuals with chronic disease conditions before these result in limitations in independent living.Peer reviewe