Presence of Toxocara spp. and hookworms in peridomiciliary areas of a fishing community in the Mid-west region of Brazil

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a contaminação do solo de peridomicílios de uma comunidade pesqueira localizada no município de Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, onde é frequente a ocorrência de casos de Larva migrans cutânea. Utilizando-se das técnicas de centrifugo-flutuação, Baermann-Moraes e centrifugo- sedimentação, amostras de solo e fezes de cães foram analisadas e os resultados evidenciaram altos índices de contaminação por ovos de Toxocara spp., Ancilostomídeos e larvas de nematoides. Estes achados podem estar associados aos casos de Larvas migrans cutânea e às elevadas taxas de eosinofilia em escolares daquela comunidade.The aim of this study was to investigate soil contamination in peridomiciliary areas from a fishing community in the municipality of Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, where is often found the occurrence of cases of cutaneous larva migrans. Using the techniques of zinc sulphate centrifugal flotation, Baermann-Moraes and centrifugal sedimentation, soil samples and feces of dogs were analyzed and the results showed high levels of contamination by Toxocara spp., hookworm and larvae of nematodes. These findings may be associated with cases of cutaneous larva migrans and high rates of eosinophilia in school children of that community

ENTEROPARASITAS EM VEGETAIS COMERCIALIZADOS EM RIO BRANCO, ACRE, AMAZÔNIA OCIDENTAL BRASILEIRA

We analyzed the presence of human enteroparasites in vegetables marketed in Rio Branco, Acre state, in Brazil. We sampled 30 units of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and 30 units of arugula (Eruca sativa) from supermarkets and free markets in the city. The samples were analyzed by spontaneous sedimentation technique to search for parasitic forms. Helminth eggs were detected: superfamily Ancylostomatoidea, Trichuris trichiura and Taenia sp.; and nematode larvae, as well as protozoan cysts: Iodamoeba bütschlii, Endolimax nana, Entamoeba coli, Blastocystis hominis, Isospora spp., Giardia duodenalis and E. histolytica. These results indicate that the consumption of these vegetables in natura may pose a risk to the health population, and education regarding proper handling and hygiene is necessary.Keywords: intestinal parasites; Lactuca sativa; Eruca sativa; Amazonia.Analisamos a presença de enteroparasitos humanos em vegetais comercializados em Rio Branco, Estado do Acre, Brasil. Amostramos 30 unidades de alface (Lactuca sativa) e 30 unidades de rúcula (Eruca sativa) de supermercados e feiras livres da cidade. As amostras foram analisadas por técnica de sedimentação espontanea para pesquisa de formas parasitárias. Foram detectadas a presença de ovos de helmintos: superfamília Ancylostomatoidea, Trichuris trichiura e Taenia sp.; e larvas de nematóides, além de cistos de protozoários: Iodamoeba bütschlii, Endolimax nana, Entamoeba coli, Blastocystis hominis, Isospora spp, Giardia duodenalis e E. histolytica. Esses resultados indicam que o consumo desses vegetais in natura podem representar um risco para a saúde da população, sendo necessária educação sobre seu manuseio e higiene adequados.Palavras-chave: parasitos intestinais, Lactuca sativa; Eruca sativa, Amazônia

Traumas e envenenamentos por animais aquáticos em pescadores de Coxim e Corumbá, estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil : identificação de agentes causadores, aspectos clínicos e medidas de primeiros socorros

The fishes of continental Brazil have socioeconomic importance due to their potential for sport fishing and commercial and subsistence uses, as seen in the Upper Paraguay River Basin, particularly in the municipalities of the Pantanal region, where it is the second largest economic activity. Injuries caused in professional fshermen are common and poorly studied, as in other regions of the country. Methods: Data were obtained from questionnaires and interviews with 100 professional fishermen, 50 in each municipality, between December 2008 and October 2009. Results: All the fishermen reported some kind of injury caused by fish stings (78% of injuries) and fish, alligator and snake bites (22%) on the hands(46% of cases)and feet (35% of cases). Most of the patients had mild symptoms. The most severe cases were associated with secondary bacterial infections and required specifc treatment and prolonged recovery associated with social and economic losses. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the stressful work conditions, inatention to basic preventive measures and carelessness were factors that contributed to accidents and that the toxicity and ability to infict mechanical trauma of some aquatic species, plus the inefective use of first aid and hospital treatment, contributed to the high morbidity and complications in many cases. Data from this study are relevant to the fishing communities of the Pantanal region, since they reveal high rates of accidents, lack of knowledge concerning frst aid, initial treatment, injury prevention and lack of medical follow-up of the population. _________________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMOOs peixes continentais do Brasil têm grande importância socioeconômica, tanto pelo potencial para a pesca esportiva, quanto para a pesca comercial e de subsistência, como é notado na bacia do Alto Rio Paraguai, particularmente, nos municípios da região do Pantanal. Ferimentos e envenenamentos em pescadores profssionais são comuns e pouco estudados. Métodos: Foram entrevistados 100 pescadores profssionais, 50 em cada município, entre dezembro/2008 e outubro/2009. Resultados: Todos relataram ter sofrido algum tipo de acidente, sendo estes causados por ferrões de peixes (78% dos acidentados) e mordidas de peixes, jacarés ou serpentes (22%), estes ocorridos em maioria nas mãos (46% dos casos) e pés (35% dos casos). A maioria dos pacientes apresentou sintomas leves. Os casos mais graves apresentavam infecções bacterianas e necessitaram de tratamento específco e tempo prolongado de recuperação, o que condicionou às vítimas prejuízos socioeconômicos. Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo indicam que, no plano social, as condições estressantes do trabalho, a desatenção com medidas preventivas básicas e o descuido foram os fatores que mais contribuíram para os acidentes. Por outro lado, a capacidade de algumas espécies de envenenar ou de produzir traumas mecânicos e o emprego de primeiros socorros e tratamentos hospitalares ineficazes contribuíram para a grande morbidade e complicações em muitos casos. Os dados deste estudo são relevantes para as comunidades pesqueiras do Pantanal, uma vez que revelam altos índices de acidentes de trabalho, inexistência de noções de primeiros socorros ou prevenção dos acidentes e ausência de atendimento médico continuado junto a estas populações

Ocorrência de geohelmintos em solo de praças públicas em Rio Branco, estado do Acre, Amazônia Brasileira

Soil contamination by dog and cat feces can become a public health problem due to the transmission of various etiologic agents that cause zoonoses. This study aimed to verify the occurrence of geohelminths in the soil of some public square areas of the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre State, Western Brazilian Amazon. Five public squares were selected, and soil samples collection was performed from April 2014 to March 2015. The samples were processed by using the Baermann-Moraes and centrifugal‑flotation methods. Geohelminths positivity was of 25% for Toxocara spp., 6.6% for the Ancylostomatoidea Superfamily and 1.6 for Trichuris spp.. Measures should be implemented to prevent the free access of animals to these places, as well as deworming of stray dogs and cats and the implementation of population control and policies for such animals.A contaminação do solo por fezes de cães e gatos pode se tornar um problema de saúde pública devido à transmissão de vários agentes etiológicos que causam zoonoses. Este estudo objetivou verificar a ocorrência de geohelmintos no solo de praças públicas do município de Rio Branco, estado do Acre, Brasil. Cinco praças públicas foram selecionadas e amostras de solo foram colhidas entre abril de 2014 e março de 2015. As amostras foram processadas pelos métodos de Baermann-Moraes e centrífugo-flutuação. A positividade observada para geohelmintos foi de 25% para Toxocara spp., 6,6% para a Superfamília Ancylostomatoidea e 1,6% para Trichuris spp.. Medidas devem ser implementadas para prevenir a livre circulação de animais nestes locais, bem como a desverminação de cães e gatos de rua e a implementação de políticas de adoção e controle populacional de cães e gatos.Palavras-chave: Contaminação do solo. Praças públicas. Toxocara. Ancylostomatoidea

Epidemiological aspects of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in an endemic area of forest extractivist culture in western Brazilian Amazonia

The study sought to analyze clinical and epidemiological aspects of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Xapuri, Acre, Brazil. Data from 2008 to 2014 registered in the notification records of the disease of the Information System of the Complaints of Notification (SINAN), and the data of the Information Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) available from 2007 to 2013 were used and analyzed in the light of the statistics of the temporal series by the Prais-Winsten method and chi-squared test. A total of 906 cases were registered with 60.2% occurring in men and 39.7% in women. The groups from 0 to 4 years of age (48.0%) and from 5 to 19 years of age (23.3%) were the most affected. Regarding the clinical forms, 77.7% presented CL and 22.3% mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). Among the 896 cases with information on the diagnostic methods used, Montenegro’s skin test predominated (66.4%), with a positive result of 95.8% for CL and 99.3% for MCL. Treatment with N-methylglucamine antimony was performed in 99.4% of the cases, but discontinuously used in the majority of patients. This study presents information which may be used as a tool for the epidemiological surveillance and control of the disease in Xapuri, a region which depends essentially on forest resources and ecological tourism

Estudo epidemiológico das leishmanioses em área de turismo ambiental e ecoturismo, Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, 2006-2007

The aims of this study were to carry out a serological survey of canine leishmaniasis and identify the phlebotomine fauna in the urban area of Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul. The serological survey was conducted on a sample of 303 dogs, by means of the indirect immunofluorescence test. Phlebotomines were captured using automated light traps. The serological survey found that 30% of the dogs were seropositive, both from the center and from all districts of the town. A total of 2,772 specimens of phlebotomines were caught and the species most found was Lutzomyia longipalpis (90.4%), which corroborated its role as the vector of for canine visceral leishmaniasis in the region. Phlebotomines of the species Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (the main vector for Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis) and Nyssomyia whitmani (the vector for Leishmania (Viannia) brasiliensis) were also caught. The findings indicate the need for continuous epidemiological surveillance, with attention towards diminishing the vector breeding sites and the transmission of these diseases in that region.O presente trabalho teve por objetivo proceder ao levantamento sorológico para leishmanioses em cães e identificar a fauna flebotomínea da zona urbana de Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul. O inquérito sorológico foi realizado em amostras de 303 cães com a utilização da reação de imunofluorescência indireta. As capturas de flebotomíneos realizaram-se com armadilhas automáticas luminosas. O inquérito sorológico identificou 30% cães reagentes procedentes do centro e de todos os bairros da cidade. Foram capturados 2,772 exemplares de flebotomineos, sendo a espécie mais freqüente foi Lutzomyia longipalpis (90.4%), o que corrobora o seu papel de vetora de leishmaniose visceral canina na região. Foram capturados, também, flebotomíneos da espécie Bichromomyia flaviscutellata, principal vetora da Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, e Nyssomyia whitmani, vetora da Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Os achados indicam a necessidade de uma contínua vigilância epidemiológica, atentando para a diminuição dos criadouros dos vetores e da transmissão desses agravos naquela região.Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)Manoel de Barros Foundatio

Natural infection of phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis in an area of ecotourism in Central-Western Brazil

Abstract\ud \ud Background\ud Bonito municipality, known as an area of ecoturism, in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, is also a focus of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniases, with cases registered in both human and canine populations. This study sought to investigate natural infection by flagellate forms of Leishmania in phlebotomines of the urban area of Bonito.\ud \ud \ud Findings\ud Sand flies were collected fortnightly from October 2005 to July 2006 with modified automatic light traps installed in peridomiciles and animal shelters in the center and on the outskirts of the city. The females were dissected and their guts observed under an optical microscope. A total of 1977 specimens were captured, Lutzomyia longipalpis (88.4 %) and Bichromomyia flaviscutelata (3.0 %) being the most frequent species. Bi. flaviscutellata was found infected by flagellates that were identified as Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis by indirect immunofluorescence reaction, employing monoclonal antibodies and the biotin-avidin system. This is the first report of natural infection by L. amazonensis in Bi. flaviscutellata in a Brazilian urban area.\ud \ud \ud Conclusions\ud As Bi. flaviscutellata is only slightly attracted by humans, the transmission of L. amazonensis in the study area may have a zoonotic character; however, the sympatric occurrence of this parasite and Lu. longipalpis should be taken into consideration by the local health authorities since this sand fly has already been found with L. amazonensis DNA in a focus of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Bonito municipality.Universidade Anhanguera Unider