Agite ite foras: ferte pompam (St. 663) Stichus de Plauto y la escenificación del ritual

Stichus suele ser calificada por la crítica como una pieza defectuosa por carecer de una trama coherente y presentar una estructura dramática pobre, compuesta de una serie de cuadros con motivos cómicos débilmente conexos. Esta afirmación se funda evidentemente en una concepción literaria y, más específicamente, narrativa de la pieza, que entiende la comedia como una historia con tres etapas temporal y lógicamente bien definidas: principio, nudo y desenlace. Sin embargo, el texto que hoy día leemos es el registro escrito de una pieza teatral que fue concebida para ser puesta en escena, por lo que su principal preocupación está dada por construir y sostener el vínculo con un auditorio cuya atención corría siempre peligro, dadas las condiciones materiales de su representación en el marco de los ludi scaenici. En dicho contexto, la eficacia dramática de la pieza se sustenta fundamentalmente en su capacidad de generar comicidad y provocar la risa en el espectador.En virtud de lo expuesto, nos proponemos examinar los recursos humorísticos y los principios compositivos que nos permitan recuperar la dimensión performativa del texto y poder comprender así aquellos aspectos de la pieza que desde un punto de vista exclusivamente textual parecieran no encontrar explicación

Quid tibi surrupui? The lexical and semantic configuration of furtum in Aulularia

El furtum, delictum contemplado ya por la Ley de las XII Tablas, cuenta con una vasta presencia en las comedias de Plauto, en muchas de las cuales adquiere una importancia relevante en el desarrollo de la trama. Abordaremos el estudio del furtum en Aulularia, sobre la base del análisis de su con¬figuración léxica y semántica. Precisaremos el alcance de los diversos lexemas verbales rela¬cionados con dicho delito, lo que nos permitirá ver, en el orden de lo social, la relación de fuerza (uis et uiolentia) que prevalece cuando se transgreden los límites de la comunidad y la ciudadanía.Roman law included furtum within the sphere of private crimes. This delictum, mentioned in the Twelve Tables Law, has a relevant importance in Plautus’ comedies and in the development of the plot. This article will study the furtum in Aulularia on the basis of the analysis of it’s lexical and semantic configuration. We will outline the scope of the various verbs related to such a crime, allowing us to see, in the social order, the balance of power (uis et uiolentia) prevailing when the boundaries of the community and citizenship are violated.Fil: Suarez, Marcela Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; ArgentinaFil: Vázquez, Romina Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentin

Quid tibi surrupui? The lexical and semantic configuration of furtum in Aulularia

El furtum, delictum contemplado ya por la Ley de las XII Tablas, cuenta con una vasta presencia en las comedias de Plauto, en muchas de las cuales adquiere una importancia relevante en el desarrollo de la trama. Abordaremos el estudio del furtum en Aulularia, sobre la base del análisis de su con¬figuración léxica y semántica. Precisaremos el alcance de los diversos lexemas verbales rela¬cionados con dicho delito, lo que nos permitirá ver, en el orden de lo social, la relación de fuerza (uis et uiolentia) que prevalece cuando se transgreden los límites de la comunidad y la ciudadanía.Roman law included furtum within the sphere of private crimes. This delictum, mentioned in the Twelve Tables Law, has a relevant importance in Plautus’ comedies and in the development of the plot. This article will study the furtum in Aulularia on the basis of the analysis of it’s lexical and semantic configuration. We will outline the scope of the various verbs related to such a crime, allowing us to see, in the social order, the balance of power (uis et uiolentia) prevailing when the boundaries of the community and citizenship are violated.Fil: Suarez, Marcela Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; ArgentinaFil: Vázquez, Romina Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentin

Impact of sphingomyelin acyl chain (16:0 vs 24:1) on the interfacial properties of Langmuir monolayers: a PM-IRRAS study

Membrane structure is a key factor for the cell`s physiology, pathology, and therapy. Evaluating the importance of lipid species such as N-nervonoyl sphingomyelin (24:1-SM) —able to prevent phase separation— to membrane structuring remains a formidable challenge. This is the first report in which polarization-modulated infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) is applied to investigate the lipid-lipid interactions in 16:0 vs 24:1-SM monolayers and their mixtures with 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and cholesterol (Chol) (DOPC/SM/Chol 2:1:1). From the results we inferred that the cis double bond (Δ15) in 24:1-SM molecule diminishes intermolecular H-bonding and chain packing density compared to that of 16:0-SM. In ternary mixtures containing 16:0-SM, the relative intensity of the two components of the Amide I band reflected changes in the H-bonding network due to SM-Chol interactions. In contrast, the contribution of the main components of the Amide I band in DOPC/24:1-SM/Chol remained as in 24:1-SM monolayers, with a larger contribution of the non-H-bonded component. The most interesting feature in these ternary films is that the Cdouble bondO stretching mode of DOPC appeared with an intensity similar to that of SM Amide I band in DOPC/16:0-SM/Chol monolayers (a two-phase [Lo/Le] system), whereas an extremely low intensity of the Cdouble bondO band was detected in DOPC/24:1-SM/Chol monolayers (single Le phase). This is evidence that the unsaturation in 24:1-SM affected not only the conformational properties of acyl chains but also the orientation of the chemical groups at the air/water interface. The physical properties and overall H-bonding ability conferred by 24:1-SM may have implications in cell signaling and binding of biomolecules.Fil: Vázquez, Romina Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Química; ArgentinaFil: Daza Millone, Maria Antonieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner"; ArgentinaFil: Pavinatto, Felippe J.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Fanani, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Química Biologica; ArgentinaFil: Oliveira, Osvaldo N. Jr.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Vela, Maria Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Maté, Sabina María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner"; Argentin

Eriptose, a morte suicida de eritrócitos: mecanismo e doenças associadas

La muerte suicida de eritrocitos o eriptosis, similar a la apoptosis de células nucleadas, está caracterizada por disminución del volumen celular, vesiculación de la membrana y traslocación de fosfolípidos de la membrana plasmática con exposición de fosfatidilserina en la superficie celular. Una amplia variedad de drogas, contaminantes ambientales, sustancias endógenas, condiciones clínicas y enfermedades disparan el proceso de eriptosis, entre los que se pueden enumerar cationes como Hg+2, Cd+2, sepsis, síndrome urémico hemolítico, enfermedad de Wilson y depleción de fosfato, entre otras. Este proceso es estimulado por la activación de canales iónicos y la formación de ceramida, desencadenando la activación de una compleja red de señalización. Los desencadenantes del proceso de eriptosis, así como las moléculas involucradas en la señalización del mismo, estarían también involucrados en la regulación de la apoptosis, por lo que en ambos casos, la ruta de transducción de señales involucradas serían similares. Es por eso, que los resultados obtenidos del análisis del proceso de eriptosis podrían ser potencialmente tomados como modelo en el estudio de la patogénesis de la muerte suicida de células nucleadas.Similar to the apoptosis of nucleated cells, suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing and membrane phospholipid scrambling with phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface. A wide variety of drugs, enviromental contaminants, endogenous substances, clinical conditions and diseases trigger the eryptosis process. Examples presented include cations like Hg+2, Cd+2, sepsis, haemolytic uremic syndrome, Wilson’s disease and phosphate depletion, among others. This procces is stimulated by the activation of ionic channels and the formation curof ceramide, triggering the activation of a complex signaling pathway. Injuries originating eryptosis and the molecules involved in the signaling of this process may be also involved in the regulation of apoptosis, so, in both cases, the signal transduction pathway may be the same. For these reasons, the results from the analysis of eryptosis may be potentially used as a model of the pathogenesis of nucleated cells.A morte suicida de eritrócitos ou eriptose, similar à apoptose de células nucleadas, está caracterizada pela diminuição do volume celular, vesiculação da membrana e translocação de fosfolipídeos da membrana plasmática com exposição de fosfatidilserina na superfície celular. Uma ampla variedade de drogas, poluentes ambientais, substâncias endógenas, condições clínicas e doenças desencadeiam o processo de eriptose, entre os quais podemos enumerar cationes como Hg+2, Cd+2, sepse, síndrome hemolítico-urêmica, doença de Wilson e depleção de fosfato, dentre outras. Este processo é estimulado pela ativação de canais iônicos e a formação de ceramida, desencadeando a ativação de uma complexa rede de sinalização. Os desencadeantes do processo de eriptose bem como as moléculas envolvidas na sinalização do mesmo, estariam também envolvidos na regulação da apoptose, portanto em ambos os casos, o caminho de transdução de sinais envolvidas seria similar. É por isso que os resultados obtidos da análise do processo de eriptose poderão ser potencialmente tomados como modelo no estudo da patogênese da morte suicida de células nucleadas.Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plat

Efectos tempranos en la interacción de concentraciones sublíticas de la toxina alfa hemolisina de <i>E.coli</i> con eritrocitos

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar las vías de señalización que se desencadenan en eritrocitos tratados con concentraciones sublíticas de HlyA, y su relación con el desencadenamiento de un proceso eriptótico. Para estudiar esto se utilizaron eritrocitos de conejo y carnero, que difieren en su composición lipídica.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Boundary region between coexisting lipid phases as initial binding sites for Escherichia coli alpha-hemolysin: A real-time study

α-Hemolysin (HlyA) is a protein toxin, a member of the pore-forming Repeat in Toxin (RTX) family, secreted by some pathogenic strands of Escherichia coli. The mechanism of action of this toxin seems to involve three stages that ultimately lead to cell lysis: binding, insertion, and oligomerization of the toxin within the membrane. Since the influence of phase segregation on HlyA binding and insertion in lipid membranes is not clearly understood, we explored at the meso- and nanoscale - both in situ and in real-time - the interaction of HlyA with lipid monolayers and bilayers. Our results demonstrate that HlyA could insert into monolayers of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin/cholesterol (DOPC/16:0SM/Cho) and DOPC/24:1SM/Cho. The time course for HlyA insertion was similar in both lipidic mixtures. HlyA insertion into DOPC/16:0SM/Cho monolayers, visualized by Brewster-angle microscopy (BAM), suggest an integration of the toxin into both the liquid-ordered and liquid-expanded phases. Atomic-force-microscopy imaging reported that phase boundaries favor the initial binding of the toxin, whereas after a longer time period the HlyA becomes localized into the liquid-disordered (Ld) phases of supported planar bilayers composed of DOPC/16:0SM/Cho. Our AFM images, however, showed that the HlyA interaction does not appear to match the general strategy described for other invasive proteins. We discuss these results in terms of the mechanism of action of HlyA.Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La PlataInstituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y AplicadasFacultad de Ciencias Exacta

Boundary region between coexisting lipid phases as initial binding sites for Escherichia coli alpha-hemolysin: A real-time study

Abstractα-Hemolysin (HlyA) is a protein toxin, a member of the pore-forming Repeat in Toxin (RTX) family, secreted by some pathogenic strands of Escherichia coli. The mechanism of action of this toxin seems to involve three stages that ultimately lead to cell lysis: binding, insertion, and oligomerization of the toxin within the membrane. Since the influence of phase segregation on HlyA binding and insertion in lipid membranes is not clearly understood, we explored at the meso- and nanoscale—both in situ and in real-time—the interaction of HlyA with lipid monolayers and bilayers. Our results demonstrate that HlyA could insert into monolayers of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin/cholesterol (DOPC/16:0SM/Cho) and DOPC/24:1SM/Cho. The time course for HlyA insertion was similar in both lipidic mixtures. HlyA insertion into DOPC/16:0SM/Cho monolayers, visualized by Brewster-angle microscopy (BAM), suggest an integration of the toxin into both the liquid-ordered and liquid-expanded phases. Atomic-force-microscopy imaging reported that phase boundaries favor the initial binding of the toxin, whereas after a longer time period the HlyA becomes localized into the liquid-disordered (Ld) phases of supported planar bilayers composed of DOPC/16:0SM/Cho. Our AFM images, however, showed that the HlyA interaction does not appear to match the general strategy described for other invasive proteins. We discuss these results in terms of the mechanism of action of HlyA

Orientational Properties of DOPC/SM/Cholesterol Mixtures: A PM-IRRAS Study

Sphingomyelins (SM) and phosphatidylcholines (PC) are major lipid classes in the external plasma membrane leaflet of mammalian cells. A preferential interaction between SM and cholesterol (Cho) in both cell and model membranes has been proposed as central for the formation of Cho- and SM-rich domains in membranes. In this context, the relevance of the SM hydrophobic moiety on its interaction with Cho for domain stabilization has been investigated by our group (1-2). We report here on the effects of sphingomyelin structure on the orientational and conformational properties of monolayers of pure lipids and of two ternary lipid mixtures (DOPC/16:0SM/Cho and DOPC/24:1SM/Cho), which are relevant as mammalian cell membrane models. We investigated interchain interactions, hydrogen bonding, conformational and structural properties using in situ polarization modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). Our results indicate that the particular properties conferred on sphingolipids by unsaturation have profound implications on membrane organization.Finally, we also explored the orientational and conformational changes in lipid monolayers of DOPC/16:0SM/Cho 2:1:1 after the adsorption/insertion of the active toxin HlyA and its unacylated nonhemolytic precursor ProHlyA, so as to complement our knowledge on the action mechanism of both proteins.Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La PlataComisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la provincia de Buenos AiresInstituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y AplicadasCentro de Investigación de Proteínas Vegetale

Volume expansion of erythrocytes is not the only mechanism responsible for the protection by arginine-based surfactants against hypotonic hemolysis

A novel arginine-based cationic surfactant Nα-benzoyl-arginine dodecylamide (Bz-Arg-NHC12) was synthesized in our laboratory. In this paper we study the interaction of Bz-Arg-NHC12 with sheep and human red blood cells (SRBC and HRBC respectively) due to their different membrane physicochemical/biophysical properties. SRBC demonstrated to be slightly more resistant than HRBC to the hemolytic effect of the surfactant, being the micellar structure responsible for the hemolytic effect in both cases. Moreover, besides the hemolytic effect, a dual behavior was observed for the surfactant studied: Bz-Arg-NHC12 was also able to protect red blood cells against hypotonic lysis for HRBC in a wide range of surfactant concentrations. However, the degree of protection showed for SRBC was about 50% lower than for HBRC. In this regard, a remarkable volume expansion was evidenced only for SRBC treated with Bz-Arg-NHC12, although no correlation with the antihemolytic potency (pAH) was found. On the contrary, our surfactant showed a greater pAH when human erythrocytes were submitted to hypotonic stress, with a low volume expansion, showing a higher amount of solubilized phospholipids in the supernatant when compared with SRBC behavior. Surface plasmon resonance measurements show the molecular interaction of the surfactant with lipid bilayers from HRBC and SRBC lipids, demonstrating that in the latter neither microvesicle release or lipid extraction occurred. Our results demonstrate that the volume expansion of erythrocytes is not the only mechanism responsible for the protection by surfactants against hypotonic hemolysis: volume expansion could be compensated via microvesicle release or by the extraction of membrane components upon collisions between red blood cells and surfactant aggregates depending on the membrane composition.Centro de Investigación de Proteínas VegetalesInstituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La PlataInstituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicada