A new Loureedia species on overgrazed former cork oak forest in Morocco (Araneae: Eresidae)

In this paper a new velvet spider species from Morocco is described from an overgrazed former cork oak [Quercus suber (Linné 1753)] forest. It is the second known species of the hitherto monotypic genus Loureedia. Loureedia maroccana sp. n. is distinguished from L. annulipes (Lucas, 1857) by the morphology of the conductor, the anteriorly widening cephalic region of the prosoma and opisthosoma decorated with a lobed, bright red marking on the dorsal side. Furthermore, three partial gene fragment sequences (histone 3, 28S ribosomal and cytochrome c oxidase) are also given, supporting the establishment of the new species

A new ladybird spider from Hungary (Araneae, Eresidae)

According to the most recent taxonomic literature, three species of the genus Eresus are known in Central Europe, E. kollari, E. sandaliatus and E. moravicus. We recognized a fourth distinctive species from Hungary, which is described as Eresus hermani sp. n. Eresus hermani has an early spring copulation period, females have a light grey (grizzled) cephalothorax due to a heavy cover of lightly colored setae, and an epigyne with large flat areas posterior to the epigynal pit, while males are distinguished by a broad and blunt terminal tooth of the conductor. An updated and modified comparative table of Rezac et al. (2008) to include all four Central European Eresus species, and a simple key to the species group's species are given. Habitus, epigyne, vulva and conductor of E. kollari, E. moravicus and E. sandaliatus are also illustrated. An annotated list of papers illustrating E. hermani due to misidentifications is presented

Összehasonlító kémiai vizsgálatok a Lamiaceae család és rokonsági körében (elsősorban a Verbenaceae családban) néhány taxonnál különös tekintettel a Salvia, Stachy, Vitex nemzetség másodlagos anyagcseretermékeire. = Comparative chemical investigations on the Lamiaceae and related families (mainly Verbenaceae) with special respect to the secondary metabolites of genera Salvia, Stachy and Vitex.

A Lamiaceae család Erdtman szerinti két alcsaládja közötti kémiai különbségek kerültek megerősítésre. A Nepetoideae alcsaládra számos faj jelentős illóolajtartaloma (pl. Salvia-ban), az abietán típusú diterpének jelenléte, a fenilpropanoid glikozidok és iridoidok hiánya, a jelentős urzol-, oleanol-, és rozmaringsav tartalom a jellemző. Ezzel szemben, az iridoidok, feniletanolid glikozidok, a labdán vázas diterpének jelenléte, az alacsony illóolaj, urzol- oleanolsav tartalom, és a rozmaingsav hiánya a Lamioideae alcsalád sajátja. A hatóanyagok előfordulásában minden típusánál kivételek is jelentkeztek. Ezek alapján a két alcsalád közötti különbségeket tendenciózus és inkább kvantitatív jellegűeknek bizonyulnak. Iridoidokat izoláltunk a Stachys fajokból, diterpéneket a Salvia candelabrum-ból és Ballota nigra-ból, fenilpropanoid glikozidokat a Ballota fajokból. Gázkromatográfiás analitikai módszert dolgoztunk ki az urzol- és oleanolsav elválasztására, TLC/denzitometriás eljárást az iridoidok és a fenilpropanoid glikozidok mérésére. Ezeket a hatóanyagok változékonyságának tanulmányozására, mint pl. a B. nigra esetén, a vegetációs periódus alatt használtuk. Előzetes adatokat nyertünk az izolátumok biológiai hatására. Az iridoidok és más anyagok jelenléte a Verbenaceae (Verbena sp.) és a Lamiaceae családok (Stachys sp.) fajaiban összhangban van a két család közötti szoros rokonsággal. | The chemical differences, between the two subfamilies of Lamiaceae (in Erdtman's system) were confirmed. In the Subfamily Nepetoideae the high essential oil content in a lot of species (e.g. Salvia), the presence of diterpenes of abietane type, lack of phenylpropanoid glycosides and iridoids, the presence of ursolic, oleanolic and rosmarinic acids are typical. In contrast to it in the Subfamily Lamioideae the occurrence of iridoids, phenylpropanoid glycosides, diterpenes of labdane skeleton, law essential oil, ursolic and oleanolic acid contents and the lack of rosmarinic acid were confirmed. Beside these regularities in all type of ingredients exceptions were found. Iridoids of some Stachys species, diterpenoids of Salvia candelabrum and Ballota nigra and some phenylpropanoid glycosides from B. nigra were isolated. Analytical method for the rapid quantitative measurement of iridoids, a gas chromatographic one for parallel measurement of ursolic and oleanolic acids and a LC/densitometric method for the phenylethanolide glycosides have been developed and were applied in studying their variation e.g. in B. nigra during the vegetation period. Preliminary data were obtained on the effectiveness of the isolated compounds of several species. The presence of iridoids of the Verbenaceae species, available in Hungary was confirmed. The occurrence of iridoids and other chemicals in Verbena and Stachys species supports the close relationship between Verbenaceae and Lamiaceae families

A 19. századi magyar nemzetépítés elemeinek átértékelése új szempontok és új források alapján = Rethinking Nineteenth-century Nation-building in Hungary: New Perceptions, New Sources

Az OTKA támogatásával létrejött tudományos iskola a történettudomány nemzetközi fejlődése során előtérbe került új megközelítéseket alkalmazva elemezte a magyarországi nemzetépítés folyamatát néhány olyan konkrét részterületen, amelyek eddig a nemzeti problematika szempontjából háttérben maradtak a magyar történettudományban. A 19. századi tankönyvirodalom, az udvari kultúra és a színpadi szórakoztatás, a politikai röpiratok, a gazdaságtörténet, a demográfiai adatok, a divat, illetve a kollektív reprezentációk egyaránt vizsgálódásunk terepéül szolgáltak. A mai elméleti koncepciók szerint a nemzetet elsősorban diskurzusként gondoltuk el. Kutatásunk a modern nemzetet létrehozó diskurzusokat mint a korabeli társadalom eltérő nézeteinek és praxisainak különböző termékeit helyezte előtérbe. Ennek fényében nem kisebb történeti probléma vált láthatóvá, mint magának a nemzetépítés folyamatának a társadalmi beágyazottsága. Rámutattunk ugyanis arra az ellentmondásra, amely a nemzetről szóló homogenizáló diskurzusok és az őket létrehozó komplex társadalmi háttér között feszült. | The scientific school supported by OTKA, applying the most recent results of the international historical sciences, analyzed the process of the Hungarian nation-bulding on some concrete fields that have been partially neglicted by the Hungarian historiography so far. The history manuels, the royal court culture, the popular entertainment, the political pamphlets, the economic history, the fashion, the usage of demographic data and the collective representations were the main fields of our collective research. According to the most recent theoretical frameworks, we considered the nation primarily as a discourse. Our research approached the nation as the product of the various judgments and practices of the contemporary societies. Throughout that approach, a crucial historical problem, the social embeddedness of the nation-building process became visible. We tried to point out the contradiction between the homogenizing discourses about the nation and the complex social background that produced these discourses

Au-Rh surface structures on Rh(111): DFT insights into the formation of an ordered surface alloy

Surface alloying is an important technique to change chemical properties. In this study, by employing density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the atomic arrangements and energetics of an extensive set of Au–Rh structures in a confined (2 × 1) surface cell on a Rh(111) substrate are investigated. An ordered surface alloy layer composed of 50% Au and 50% Rh is identified as the energetically favored structure, which corresponds to a configuration proposed previously based on scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) imaging [Óvári et al. PCCP2016, 18, 25230]. Comparing this surface alloy with another candidate structure in terms of Rh and Au adsorption characteristics, the bonding preference among Rh and Au species is recovered. DFT-based simulated STM images reveal bias-voltage-dependent contrast differences among selected corrugated surface layer structures at various Au coverages. Furthermore, several new experimental results obtained by STM and low energy ion scattering (LEIS) on the thermally induced formation of the ordered Au–Rh surface alloy are also presented in this work. Our calculation approach and results are expected to contribute to the understanding of the formation of metallic surface alloys of various chemical compositions

High precision laser scanning assisting in the service of historical and art historical research. The burial monument of Queen Gertrude (13th century)

One of the most important and controversial burial sites of medieval Hungary is the grave of Queen Gertrude of Meran with its decorated burial monument at the Cistercian Abbey of Pilis. The circumstances of the assassination of the queen is a highly debated event in Hungarian history described in a large number of local and foreign contemporary documents. Archaeological excavations have revealed the fragments of her burial monument with high artistic qualities (human figures, architectural elements, inscriptions, decorated patterns). Over the last three decades, art historical research has discussed the foreign artistic influences of the monument and proposed several reconstructions based on the drawings and photos of the excavated fragments. A full-size sculpted model has also been created on the basis of one of these hypothetical reconstructions.This paper will present the results of a new research project to create the first virtual reconstruction of the burial monument. The fragments of the monument and its previously sculpted physical model were captured by a terrestrial laser scanner and an optical 3D scanner, and consequently, point clouds and meshes were created. Using high-resolution data in CAD environment, a 3D virtual reconstruction model was built showing a possible form of the burial monument. In order to offer a new virtual reconstruction for different research approaches (art historical studies, archaeological interpretations and comparative studies with other monuments) a complex method was required to handle the huge amount of digital data. A database was built from the scanned fragments enabling to manage them easily. High precision 3D models of the fragments allowed to capture their precise geometry and perform the metrical analysis of the fragments, which may provide a basis for alternative reconstruction attempts. By using 3D technology, the results and conclusions derived from the fragments have been made more accessible than through traditional methods. Thus, scholars can use spectacular 3D visualizations in their research and examine many properties of the artifacts. The results are also available for a wider audience, as it has been demonstrated in an exhibition to commemorate the 800th anniversary of the death of Queen Gertrude. The paper demonstrates some of the advantages that 3D technology provides for scholarly research over conventional methods and introduces a method for integrated archaeological, historical and art historical examinations using state of the art technologies